Chapter5b PDF

Chapter V b
Beams internal actions
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Technology
Engineering Mechanics
material by Karsten Schlesier
Department of
Civil Engineering
Comparison of internal force diagrams of concentrated and

distributed load situations.
recalling

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relation of shear force and bending moment

functions
Fy = 0 : dV = - w dx
neglectable higher order differential
M = 0 : - M - V dx - w dx dx/2 + M + dM = 0
dV
V' =
= -w
dx
dM
M' =
=V
dx
fig by J.L. Meriam, L.G. Kraige, Engineering Mechanics I

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Department of
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to be corrected on lecture notes!
min.
quadratic
linear
linear
linear
(sense of diagram upside down)
max.
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recalling example 5.2

Draw the shear force and bending moment
diagrams.
R = wL
w(x)
wL/2
wL/2
x
Shear Force
V [kN]
wL/2
-wL/2
wL2/8
Bending Moment
quadratic function

M [kNm]
parabola
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example 5.3
diagram.
w(x)
external equilibrium
MA = 0 : - w L (L/2) + MA = 0
MA = w L2/2
Fy = 0 : Ay w L = 0
Ay = w L
R=wx
internal equilibrium
Mx = 0 : Mx + w x (x/2) = 0
Nc
Mx = -w x2/2
Fy = 0 : Vx w x = 0
Mx
Vx
x
Vx = w x

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example 5.3
diagram.
w(x)
+wL
x
V [kN]
M [kNm]
-wL2/2
Department of
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example 5.3
diagram.
w(x)
+wL
x
V [kN]
M [kNm]
wL2/8
-wL2/2
Department of
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example 5.4
Determine the max. and min. bending
moment and draw the moment diagram.
w
c
Determine the appropriate ratio of a : b

concerning the most economic design of the
beam having a constant cross section.
c
A
From external equilibrium:

A = B = w (2a + b) / 2
x/2
R = wx
From internal equilibrium:

MA = M B = - w
a2
w(x)
/2
Mc = - w (a+b/2)2/2 + A b/2 = w/2 (b2/4 a2)
Mx
Ax
Vx
x (< a)

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example 5.4
w
c

c
A
Mc
MA = M B = - w a 2 / 2
Mc = w/2 (b2/4 a2)
MA
tension
compression
tension
tension
compr.
compression
deflection

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example 5.4
w
c

c
A
Mc
MA = M B = - w a 2 / 2
Mc = w/2 (b2/4 a2)

Economic design demands:
|MA| = |Mc| : w a2 / 2 = w/2 (b2/4 a2)
a2 =b2/8
MA
tension
compression
tension
tension
compr.
compression
a = 0.354 b
deflection

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example 5.4
w
c

c
A
a
B
b
Mc = wb2/16
wb2/8
MA = -Mc

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example 5.5
Determine the prestress force F in the
faade structure for the most economic
design of the slab support beam with a
constant cross section if w = 10 kN/m.
w
c
c
A
2m

B
9m
F
2m
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example 5.5
w
c
c
A
2m
B
9m
F
2m
Mc = wb2/16
+
wb2/8
MA = -Mc
deflection

Department of
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example 5.5
w
c
c
A
2m
B
9m
F
2m
MA = MB = - F 2.0 m - w (2.0 m)2 / 2 = - F 2.0 m - 20 kNm

Mc = MA + w (9.0 m)2 / 8
Mc +
Economic design demands:
wL2/8
Mc = - MA
MA = - w (9.0
m)2
/ 16 = - F 2.0 m - 20 kNm
F = 15.3 kN

MA
deflection
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example 5.5
w
c
c
A
2m
F = 15.3 kN
M [kNm]
9m
F
2m
50.6
-50.6

-50.6
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Department of
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example 5.6
The given bridge structure is subjected to a distributed vertical load of w = 20 kN/m.
Determine the support reactions and the moment diagram.

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example 5.6
The given bridge structure is subjected to a distributed load of w = 20 kN/m.
20 kN/m
C
A
B
70

50
40
50
70
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example 5.6
20 kN/m
C
A
B
70
50
40
50
70

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example 5.6
Part C D:
C=D
20 kN/m
= 20 kN/m 40.0 m / 2
= 400 kN
C
A
B
70
50
40
50
70
Part A C:
B
= (20 (70 + 50)2 / 2 + C (70 + 50) / 70

= 2742.9 kN
= 20 (70 + 50) - B + C
= 57.1 kN

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example 5.6
Part C D:
20 kN/m
MCD,max = 20 kN/m (40.0 m)2 / 8

= 4000 kNm
C
A
B
70
50
40
50
70
Part A C:
MB,min
= - 20kNm (50.0 m)2 / 2 - C 50.0 m

= - 45000 kNm

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example 5.6
20 kN/m
Part C D:
MCD,max = 20 kN/m (40.0 m)2 / 8

= 4000 kNm
C
A
B
70
50
40
50
70
Part A C:
MB,min
= - 20kNm (50.0 m)2 / 2 - C 50.0 m

= - 45000 kNm
MCD
MB
MB
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example 5.6
Shear force and moment diagram.

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example 5.7
In the bridge structure (example 5.6) the pin joints are now moved symmetrically to the
outer spans (see image).
Determine the moment diagram and sketch an ideal shape for the bridge truss structure.

Department of
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example 5.7
In the bridge structure (example 5.6) the pin joints are now moved symmetrically to the
outer spans (see image).
Determine the moment diagram and sketch an ideal shape for the bridge truss structure.
M [kNm]
24500
3062.5
-24500

-24500
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comparison of example 5.7 and 5.6:

M [kNm]
-24500
wL2/8
3062.5
24500
L
-45000
wL2/8
4000

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Department of
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design proposal

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Chapter V b

Beams internal actions

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

Comparison of internal force diagrams of concentrated and

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

relation of shear force and bending moment

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

to be corrected on lecture notes!

(sense of diagram upside down)

recalling example 5.2

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

Determine the appropriate ratio of a : b

From external equilibrium:

From internal equilibrium:

Mc = - w (a+b/2)2/2 + A b/2 = w/2 (b2/4 a2)

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

Determine the appropriate ratio of a : b

From internal equilibrium:

Mc = w/2 (b2/4 a2)

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

Determine the appropriate ratio of a : b

From internal equilibrium:

Mc = w/2 (b2/4 a2)

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

Determine the appropriate ratio of a : b

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

From internal equilibrium:

MA = MB = - F 2.0 m - w (2.0 m)2 / 2 = - F 2.0 m - 20 kNm

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

= (20 (70 + 50)2 / 2 + C (70 + 50) / 70

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

MCD,max = 20 kN/m (40.0 m)2 / 8

= - 20kNm (50.0 m)2 / 2 - C 50.0 m

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

MCD,max = 20 kN/m (40.0 m)2 / 8

= - 20kNm (50.0 m)2 / 2 - C 50.0 m

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

comparison of example 5.7 and 5.6:

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

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