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Physical Education
(HKDSE)
2009
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Acronyms
CDC
CSC
HKDSE
HKSI
IOC
IT
Information technology
KLAs
LCSD
NSA
OLE-PD
PE
Physical education
SF&OC
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Contents
Page
Acronyms
Contents
Learning objectives
Glossary
11
14
19
Reading materials
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26
29
31
Related websites
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Learning objectives
This part gives students a general picture of the scope of physical education (PE) and
its relationship with sport, recreation and leisure. The terminology, essential concepts
and knowledge of its history and recent developments help students better understand
the contexts of PE, sport and recreation, making the learning of other topics in the PE
curriculum easier.
Expected learning outcomes: Students will be able to
1. explain the roles and values of PE, sport, recreation and leisure in daily life
with appropriate examples;
2. evaluate the impact of the school PE curriculum on promoting healthy living
in Hong Kong; and
3. make recommendations on how to promote sport, recreation and leisure in
Hong Kong.
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Glossary
Description
Term
1.
2.
Collaboration skills
3.
Communication
skills
4.
Creativity
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Glossary
Description
Term
personal qualities.
5.
Critical thinking
skills
6.
Energy expenditure
7.
Exercise
8.
General PE
9.
Generic skills
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Glossary
Description
Term
10.
Health /
Wellness
11.
Information
technology (IT)
skills
intelligently.
12.
Leisure
13.
Numeracy skills
14.
Other Learning
Experiences-Physical
Development (OLEPD)
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Glossary
Description
Term
15.
Physical activity
16.
Physical education
(PE)
17.
Physical fitness
18.
Physical
performance
19.
Physical skills
20.
Problem solving
skills
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Glossary
Description
Term
21.
Recreation
22.
Self-management
skills
23.
Sport
24.
Study skills
25.
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Glossary
Term
Description
attitudes significantly affect the way
a student learns, they form an
important part of the school
curriculum.
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Please refer to the glossary on pages 4 - 11 for the definitions and terms used in this
booklet.
B.
Personal Development
Physical activities help us improve fitness and performance. They also help
us widen our horizons, boost self-confidence, enhance aesthetic sensitivity
and learn tolerance as well as appreciation. Physical activities involve high
level of personal interaction. Consequently, they strengthen our social and
communication skills, provide us with opportunities to work in teams and
meet challenges, and effectively enhance our generic skills such as
collaboration skills, creativity and problem-solving skills.
Fig 1.2
skills.
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Fig 1.3 WONG Kam-po, a famous local cyclist, share his views on success, reflecting the effects of
sport on socialisation.
ii)
Socialisation
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Fig 1.4 The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games raised global attention. It helped China build a
friendly image and promote its legacy worldwide.
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13
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Key Learning
Stage
Key Stage One
(Primary 1 to
Primary 3)
Learning Targets
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Table 1.1 Physical Education learning targets (Extracted from the Physical Education Key
Learning Area Curriculum Guide (Primary 1- Secondary 3), (2002)
Fig 1.5
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For some activities carrying greater risk, such as swimming, canoeing, sailing,
trampolining, etc, the PE teacher should possess relevant qualifications to teach
these activities.
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tasks as appropriate.
Pay attention to the students with health problems, special needs or high
potential, and offer protection and assistance at the right time.
Through different interest groups and school teams, provide students with
potential more opportunities to excel.
Nominate students with potential to receive further training offered by the
Leisure and Cultural Services Department and sports governing bodies.
Facilities and equipment - the majority of schools have an open playground with
ball courts, a covered playground and a hall. They are equipped with basic equipment
for PE or related co-curricular activities. Schools may apply for the use of public or
community facilities, including sports grounds, swimming pools, sports centres, hardsurfaced recreation grounds, grass and artificial turf pitches, tennis courts, squash
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The following organisations are responsible for promoting sport, recreation and
leisure in different aspects:
i) Governmental organisations
Sports Commission
The Sports Commission is an advisory body under the Home Affairs Bureau. It
advises the Government on
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Development
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raise the profile of sport and physical recreation in the community, emphasising
the link between exercise, physical fitness and a healthy lifestyle;
support and facilitate the implementation of initiatives which help make Hong
Kong a major location for international sports events;
raise the standard and the profile of Hong Kong sport internationally.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Development
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form and stimulate public opinions in favour of the provision of proper and
better facilities for the practice of all sports;
approve and enforce uniform laws for the encouragement and regulation of
sports in Hong Kong and to deal with any infringements thereof and to reconcile
or arbitrate in any differences which may arise between national associations or
groups therein;
coordinate all local sports organisations and to cooperate in the interests of all
concerned;
foster the spirit of the Olympic Games, which is friendship between peoples by
means of sport;
approve the selection and to control Hong Kong's representation in all Olympic
Games, Asian Games, East Asian Games, all China Games, China Inter-city
Games and all other regional and international games; and
do all such other lawful things as are incidental or conducive to the attainment of
the above objects.
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Reading Materials
Extracted from the script of Reviewing the Development of Hong Kong School
Physical Education through History (Wong, 1999)
(Retrieved from http://home.ied.edu.hk/~ctwong/essays/PEHISTV2.html)
Hong Kong is geographically inseparable from China, but as a British Colony before 1997 its political
and economic evolution was more affected by the impact of the United Kingdom . Education is no
exception. Therefore, a historical review of the development of Physical Education in the United
Kingdom and China is necessary.
The British Physical Education curriculum, from the very beginning up to now, has been largely sportsoriented. In the eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution in Europe led to many
new issues. The new production mode created a new class - the capitalists.
Having achieved
satisfaction in the pursuit of wealth, they put forward higher requirements for education. High quality
public schools thus came into being.
Up until today, the British public schools are still world-renowned. In the old days, public schools were
places for the aristocracy and the royal family to educate their next generation of capitalists. Students
learnt the traditional so-called elite culture, which included English, Latin, history, mathematics, science
and arts disciplines. At first, sports were thought to hamper academic studies and therefore were
prohibited. But later the school management found that students liked to organise and participate in
competitive sports, and form clubs and associations to promote the activities. Some liberal educators
realised that competitive sports could strengthen middle class values and behaviour patterns. After that,
sports were promoted in the public schools.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the curriculum content of Physical Education (called physical
training at that time) included formation drills, competitive games and sports, plus rhythmic activities
such as gymnastics and dance. In view of the destruction brought about by the two world wars, physical
educators started to incorporate the earlier concepts of health and physical fitness in the Physical
Education curriculum. The economic depression in the thirties also linked physical education with
community recreation. The two world wars also led to the birth of outreach type survival training:
outdoor activities, such as hiking, canoeing, sailing, etc.
In the late 1960s, to meet the scientific and technological needs of society, school education curriculum
tended to be more intellectual. The concept of Physically Education Person was proposed and
Physical Education was defined as education through physical activities and comprised the
knowledge, skills and affective domains, in addition to the development of a healthy and strong body.
As a result, a lot of academic content such as sports science and health concepts slowly infiltrated into
school Physical Education curriculum. Since 1980s, physical education has become a public
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Extracted from the script of an ETV programme The past, present and future
of physical education in Hong Kong (Education Bureau, 2009)
ETV The past, present and future of physical education in Hong Kong
After the Opium War, Hong Kong became a British colony. Influenced by Western culture, this small
Eastern fishing village experienced much change. At that time, the foreigners brought to Hong Kong
Western education as well as Western sports such as rugby, football, lawn bowls, etc. Some of them set
up sports clubs. For example, the Hong Kong Football Club (1886) and Kowloon Bowling Green Club
(1900) were set up at that time.
Among the sports introduced, football was the most popular among the public. The standard of the
football players was high as they had the opportunity to compete with teams from the United Kingdom.
During the Pacific War, the majority of Hong Kong sports were at a standstill. After the war, there was
an influx of immigrants into Hong Kong leading to enormous pressures in terms of health care, welfare,
housing and education. However, the then Hong Kong British Government considered these inflows of
population only passing through and did not face the problem positively. The burden of taking care of
the new immigrants was left to some churches, charitable organisations and individuals.
In 1967, riots took place in Hong Kong. The Government changed its policy and started to attach
importance to sports development, giving young people opportunities to release their energy.
In the 1970s, Hong Kong's economy and prosperity generally improved the quality of life. Television
became more and more popular, and it in turn facilitated the development of sport.
In 1982, the Government set up the Hong Kong Jubilee Sports Centre (later renamed as the Hong Kong
Sports Institute) for the training of elite athletes and the promotion of sports. Gradually, concerted
efforts from all fronts enabled Hong Kong athletes to achieve good results in international competitions.
In 2002, the HKSAR Government reviewed Hong Kong's sports development and formulated long-term
sports development policies. In 2003, the Government announced the establishment of the Sports
Commission on the formulation and implementation of sports policy direction and the implementation
of supervision and coordination work. In 2007, additional resources were allocated to promote sports
development, emphasising promoting sports in the community, developing elite sports, and
making Hong Kong a major location for international sports events.
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Activity
Data collection:
Reflections:
2.
The development of
school Physical
Education in Hong
Kong
Reflections:
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Activity
3.
Snapshots of sport
and recreation in
Hong Kong
Data collection:
4.
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Activity
Hong Kong, China (SF&OC), China and National
Sport Associations (NSAs).
Reflection:
5.
Data collection:
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(2005)
25(1)5-10
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(2006)26(4)67-70
(1998)
199820-29
(2006)26(9)79-81
(1995)
(1988)
(2009)
(1999)5(2)35-44
(2002) ()
(2007)()
() (2004)
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Related Websites
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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http://www.hkssf.org.hk/
11. Hong Kong Sports Institute Limited
http://www.hksi.org.hk/hksdb/
Sports Bulletin
http://www.hksi.org.hk/hksdb/front/e_pub1_sb2.html
Research Highlights
http://www.hksi.org.hk/hksdb/front/e_pub1_rh2.html
Value of Sport
http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/lschemes/sch-sport/en/form/doc/sport&value.ppt
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20. The International Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport, and
Dance (ICHPERSD)
http://www.ichpersd.org/
21. University of Hong Kong Physical Education / Sports Science Programmes
http://www3.hku.hk/iohp/programmes/
22. University Sports Federation of Hong Kong, China
http://www.usfhk.org/
23. World Health Organisation (WHO)
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