1415- O Level Biology 5th Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

Marking guidelines for teachers Fifth Top ten Questions

1.

a)

b)

c)

i) more black moths eaten by predators because black moths, are not camouflaged
ii) more speckled moths would be caught
black moths have better camouflage
Both varieties would die due to the pollution
i) first heading: phenotype
second heading: genotype
ii) dominant wing colour: speckled
speckled appears when the dominant allele (G) is present; in heterozygous (Gg)
1 discontinuous variation ;
2 wing colour determined by agene
3 black is recessive / speckled is dominant ;
4 black is inherited when parents are homozygous recessive (gg) or heterozygous
Speckled is inherited when only one parent has dominant allele (G)
5 sexual reproduction / meiosis

d)

e)

i) mutation
ii) UV light / (ionising) radiation / X rays / named radioactive chemical

2. a)

Blood may clump / clot / coagulate / agglutinate;

Due to presence of antigens on the surface of blood cells;
And different antibodies present in other blood
Ref. to clumping if donor blood group is group O
b) increased algal/aquatic plant growth/algal bloom;
cover surface of water;
cut off light below water so plants die;
dead plants decompose/fed on by bacteria;
bacteria reproduce/multiply;
baceria use up oxygen/respire aerobically/water becomes anaerobic;
animals in river die/migrate;
eutrophication

1415- O Level Biology 5th Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

3.

- insulin gene removed from human DNA using restriction endonuclease

- plasmid cut open using the same endonuclease

- Ligase is added to place insulin gene into plasmid;
- recombinant DNA forms
- plasmid is inserted into host bacterial cell
- bacteria are cultured;
- use of fermenter / bioreactor
4.

a)

b)

5.

6.

Voluntary
going into room; switching on light; grabbing door handle
Involuntary
Pupils changed size; heart beat speeds up; sneezing
i)
Muscle ; gland
ii)
Motor / efferent (neurone)

a) - mosquitoes/ticks/fleas are carriers/vectors

- mosquito feeds on blood of infected bird/mammal;
- infected mosquito feeds on human/bird/mammal and passes on infection
b) - blood contains raw materials/water/DNA/RNA/nucleic acid available;
- bloods temperature is suitable /warm;
- blood contains cells
- blood provides transport to cells
c) birds travel large distances/from place to place/migrate/fly;
d) - some pesticides/DDT kill indiscriminately useful insects
- some pesticides/DDT are non-biodegradable; they remain in environment for a long time
- soil/land/water/river/lake are polluted
- they cause deformed babies;
- bioaccumulation in food chains
- they affect animals at top of food chains and thus disrupt food chains;
e) - each organism has two names/ to genus and species;
genus = Culex
species names = pipiens;
- use of Latin for name/name in italics/name underlined

a) i) recessive (allele);
ii) child 8 shows NPS but neither parent (6 and 7) shows it;
b) parents must be heterozygous;
child must inherit recessive from both parents;
next child 25% or 1 in 4

1415- O Level Biology 5th Top 10 Questions-marking guidelines

7.

a)

b)

i)

Umbilical cord

ii)

Deoxygenated (more CO2) / at a much lower pressure

iii)

Large SA / rich blood supply / one cell thick membrane

Placenta modifies the contents of blood similar to lungs and kidneys; oxygen is added to
foetal blood; carbon dioxide is removed from foetal blood ; urea / ammonia removed from
foetal blood

c)

- Human breast milk contains all the right nutrients but also antibodies which can help the
baby to fight off infections.
- The nutrients in breast milk change as the baby gets older, so that is always gets the right
balance of nutrients for its growth.
- Breast feeding can build a close bond between mother and baby.
- A breast feeding woman hasto eat more than she would if she were not feeding her baby
On the other hand
- Formula milk powder has to be mixed with boiled cooled water and warmed to body
temperature before being given to baby
- milk given in bottle may contain harmful bacteria
- formula milk is manufactured to be as similar as possible to breast milk.

8.
9.

10.

Refer to Level M textbook page 85

a)- Some red blood cells are sickle shaped;
- haemoglobin distorts at low oxygen concentrations; this results in less efficient oxygen
transport;
- cells can block capillaries / become trapped in capillaries /
b)
i)
INIS + mother = INIS
genetic make up of gametes stated; F1 genotypes stated or shown on diagram;
probability: 0.5 / 50% / one in two;
ii) Malarial parasite is unable to breed / survive in INIS blood cells; so provides
protection from malaria ;
Parent with ISIS is likely to die from sickle cell anaemia; parent with ININ is likely to
die from malaria
a) Here genes are modified not transferred. Not genetic engineering since this process involves
the removal of a gene from a species and its insertion into another species.
b) leaching of minerals
eutrophication + of rivers / lakes ;
soil erosion ;
creation of water shortage ;
soil becomes infertile / lacks minerals ;
3