QUANTITAVE ANALYSIS OF SODA

DOUBLE-INDICATOR TITRATION

ASH

BY

M.A.B. BRIONES
DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, COLLEGE OF HOME ECONOMICS
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES
DATE PERFORMED: JUNE 29, 2015
INSTRUCTORS NAME: MARIEL Q. CLORES

1. Why there is a need to boil

distilled
water
in
the
precipitation
of
base
solutions
It is important to boil the
distilled
water
in
the
precipitation of base solutions in
order to remove any dissolved
CO2. 1
2. Why a mixture of NaOH and
NaHCO3 is incompatible.
Mixtures of NaOH and NaHCO3
can react but they are not
stable.2 The carbonate ion
produced in the reaction is
reactive and decreases the
sharpness of the endpoints.3
3. Why there is a need to boil
the solution before reaching
the methyl orange endpoint
The sodium carbonate when
titrated with HCl produces CO 2.
The carbon dioxide produced
acidifies
the
solution
and
presents the endpoint too early.
Boiling the titrated solution
removes the CO2, avoiding
titration errors.4
4. The basic components of the
unknown soda ash sample
based
on
the
volume
relationship
at
the
phenolphthalein and methyl
orange endpoints

The
presence
of
the
components based on the
volume
relationship
of
V1
(volume of acid needed for a
phenolphthalein end point) and
V2 (volume of acid needed for a
phenolphthaleinmethyl orange
end point) is as follows:3
i. NaOH - V2=0
ii. Na2CO3 - V1=V2
iii. NaHCO3 V1=0
iv. NaOH,NaCO3

V1>V2
v. NaHCO3,Na2CO3
V1<V2

5. The possibility of using

NaOH as primary standard
for HCl and the properties of
an ideal primary standard.
NaOH would not be an ideal
primary standard due to its
reactivity with the atmosphere.
NaOH readily absorbs moisture
and CO2 from the atmosphere. 5
The properties of an ideal
primary standard include high
purity, stability toward air, the
absence of hydrate water, ready
availability at modest cost,
reasonable solubility in the
titration
medium,
and
reasonably large molar mass. 6
6. The rationale behind not
storing basic solutions in
volumetric glassware
1

Basic solutions should not be

stored
or
processed
in
volumetric glassware because
these
substances
may
chemically attack the glass.7

7. Possible sources of errors

and
their
effect
on
calculated parameters
Taking ones time and trying to
attain a specific number while
weighing
may
produce
a
significant systematic error. This
may be due to the gradual
increase in mass of the sodium
carbonate
as
it
absorbs
moisture and carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere.8 Another
possible source of error would
be the titration error: the
difference in volume or mass
between the equivalence point
and the end point.6 Another
possible source of error would
be
the
presence
of
the
carbonate ion.
8. The cause of carbonate
error and its effect on the
calculated values obtained
in
standardization
and
sample analysis
The carbonate error comes from
the
contamination
of
the
carbonate ion on the reagents
used to prepare the standard
solution. Although its presence
in solid reagents does not cause
the error if it is used for both
standardization and analysis.
While steps are done to remove
the ion from the solution of a
base. The carbonate error in
general may cause a decrease
in
the
sharpness
of
the
endpoints.2
REFERENCES

[1]Monir-pal. Lab Manuals: Practical

Quantitative Analysis, Chapter 3:
ACID-BASE
TITRATIONS.
http://www.monzir-pal.net/
Lab
%20Manuals/Practical%20Quantitative
%20Analysis/main_Pract_Quant/Acid_b
ase_titrations.htm (accessed July 1,
2015).
[2] Mittal, S. Mole Concept For Iit-Jee;
Tata McGraw-Hill Education; p7-14
[3] Skoog, Douglas A., Donald M. West,
and F. James. Holler. "Applications of
Neutralization
Titrations."
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry.
Fort Worth: Saunders College Pub.,
1996. N. pag. Print.
[4]Titrations
info.
http://www.titrations.info
/acid-basetitration-solution-standardization
(accessed July 1, 2015).
[5]AUS-e-TUTE. Chemistry Tutorial:
Standard
Solutions.
http://www.ausetute.com.au/titrs
tand.html (accessed July 1, 2015).
[6] Skoog, Douglas A., Donald M. West,
and F. James. Holler. "Titrimetric
Methods of Analysis." Fundamentals of
Analytical Chemistry. Fort Worth:
Saunders College Pub., 1996. N. pag.
Print.
[7]Corning Incorporated. Care and
Safe Handling of Laboratory Glassware
http://cs
media2.corning.com/LifeSciences/Medi
a/pdf/glass_care_safe_handling_RG_CI_
101_REV1.pdf (accessed July 1, 2015).
[8]de la Camp, U. ; Seely, O.; CSUDH.
Determination
of
the
Carbonate
Content of a Soda-Ash Sample
http://www.csudh.edu/oliv
er/che230/labmanual/carbnate.htm
(accessed July 1, 2015).