TABLE OF CONTENT

Table of content
Preface
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY
A. Background
B. purpose
C. practical time and location
CHAPTER II BASIC THEORY
A. Airframe
B. Inspection
C. Painting
D. Tension and rigging
E. Weight and balance
F. Compass swing
G. publication
CHAPTER III INSPECTION PROCCESS
BAB IV CONCLUTION AND SUGESTION
ATTACHMENT
A. Daily report
B. Task
C. Weight and balance data
D. Swing compass data
E. SB and AD related

PREFACE
This papers was made in order to fulfilling the point score in aircraft structure
II subject in fourth semester at this third diploma aircraft engineering course,
Indonesian Civil Aviation Institute, Indonesia.
Gratitude to ALLAH SWT, and I say thank to all of the lecturers in my aircraft
engineering course, my instructors in aircraft engineering course, my family who
always back me up, and for all of my friends.
This paper consist of our report about our activities, result, problem about our
aircraft structure practical on sundowner C23 with registry number PK-ANO our
lovely hangar 01. Here we have been divided to three groups, those are group 1
which handle right wing section, group 2 which are handle empennage section, and
group 3 which are handle left hand wing section.
Our activities in this practical those are for example visual inspection,
disassembly, Non Destructive Test(NDT), and finally re assembly. Our purpose to do
this practical are to know how to inspect an aircraft part with NDT method and
familiarize with damage inn aircraft structure especially.
I realize that this the paper of mine are far away from perfect word. So I
realy expect about criticts and sugest to complete this report.

CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY
A.BACKGROUND
As an aircraft mechanic, we must be able to do some job that need unusual
skill and for reach that point we must frequently or at least ever practice about what
we will do in our working field. Here we cadets from 3 diploma aircraft engineering
STPI have been done this.
One of the lesson or subject that allow us to do that kind of practice is
aircraft structure II. As mr. Djoko as our lecturer and instructor in charge in this
practical.
Here we are study and practice about the basic of what aircraft mechanics
done, and here we try to overhaul a light aircraft SUNDOWNER C-23 with registry
number PK-ANO which place in hangar 01 where we study.
In this overhauling practice basiccaly we have to search any dangerous
damage in aircraft which may cause catasthrope accidental. One of that damage is
crack, the most and dangerous damage in aircraft.

B.PURPOSE
Purpose of this practical is to familiarize us with aircraft mechanic activities
like overhauling an aircraft especially on inspect some part with Non Destructive
Test method, this method that we done utilize some general kind of paint remover,
dye penetrant, developer, basic painting and many more.
Its other purpose are to familiarize use to work using safety precautions,
because safety is the most important thing that we must concern, its about to keep
our important organ arent fail.
And the basic purpose of this is to train us be a good mechanic that handle
various trouble that happens in aircraft even in small aircraft. Here we are study
about basic, cause basic is the mother in advance technology, even in the latest
technology nowadays.

C.PRACTICAL TIME AND LOCATION

CHAPTER II
BASIC THEORY
A. AIRFRAME

B.INSPECTION
DEFINITION
Inspection means an examination of an item and comparison against a
specific standard
Inspection system consist of:
1. Regularly scheduled inspection of an aircraft, engine, propeller, and
component
2. Reports made by mechanic or by the pilot or crew flying an aircraft
and cabin crew

INSPECTION METHOD

Numerous inspection methods may be used, and would not restrict the
use of higher level or more intense method to satisfy the technician/
inspector
When unsatisfactory condition encountered, additional methods may
be employed such as : the use of inspection aids; removal of access
panel or component.

BASIC INSPETION TASKS

1. Inspection; Examination against specific standard.
2. Non-Destructive Inspection; To supplement visual inspection and/or
detect hidden defects.
3. Age Exploration
Analysis of collected information from in-service experience.
Access resistance to deterioration process with respect to
increasing age

STRUCTURAL INSPECTIONS
1. General visual
Exposed area of wings, fuselage, door, door cut out,engine external
and wheel well.
2. External surveillance
From a distance considered necessary to carry out adequate check
3. Internal surveillance
From a distance considered necessary to carry out adequate check
4. Detailed external or internal
Close intensive visual of highly defined structural details or location
5. Special detailed
Specific locations or hidden details using specified NDI procedures.

Inspection Techniques

Before starting an inspection, be certain all plates, access doors,

fairings, and cowling have been opened or removed and the structure
cleaned.
When opening inspection plates and cowling, and before cleaning the
area take note of any oil or other evidence of fluid leakage.

C.PAINTING
Paint is more than aesthetics; it affects the weight of the aircraft and protects
the integrity of the airframe. The topcoat finish is applied to protect the exposed
surfaces from corrosion and deterioration. Also, a properly painted aircraft is easier
to clean and maintain because the exposed surfaces are more resistant to corrosion
and dirt, and oil does not adhere as readily to the surface.
A wide variety of materials and finishes are used to protect and provide the
desired appearance of the aircraft. The term paint is used in a general sense and
includes primers, enamels, lacquers, and the various multipart finishing formulas.
Paint has three components: resin as coating material, pigment for color, and
solvents to reduce the mix to a workable viscosity.
Internal structure and unexposed components are finished to protect them from
corrosion and deterioration. All exposed surfaces and components are finished to
provide protection and to present a pleasing appearance. Decorative finishing
includes trim striping, the addition of company logos and emblems, and the
application of decals, identification numbers, and letters.

Finishing Materials
A. Acetone
B. Alcohol
C. Benzene
D. Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
E. Methylene Chloride
F. Toluene
G. Toluene
H. Turpentine
I. Mineral Spirits
J. Naphtha
K. Linseed Oil
L. Thinners
M. Varnish

Primers

The importance of primers in finishing and protection is generally misunderstood

and underestimated because it is invisible after the topcoat finish is applied. A
primer is the foundation of the finish. Its role is to bond to the surface, inhibit
corrosion of metal, and provide an anchor point for the finish coats. It is important
that the primer pigments be either anodic to the metal surface or passivate the
surface should moisture be present. The binder must be compatible with the finish
coats. Primers on nonmetallic surfaces do not require sacrificial or passivating
pigments. Some of the various primer types are discussed below.
A. Wash primer
B. Red iron oxide
C. Grey enamel undercoat
D. Epoxy

E. Zinc chromate

Identification of paint
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Dope
Synthetic enamel
Lacquers
Polyurethane
Urethane coating
Acrylic urethanes

Methods of Applying Finish

A. Dipping
The application of finishes by dipping is generally confined to factories or
large repair stations. The process consists of dipping the part to be finished in
a tank filled with the finishing material. Primer coats are frequently applied in
this manner.
B. Brushing
Brushing has long been a satisfactory method of applying finishes to all types
of surfaces. Brushing is generally used for small repair work and on surfaces
where it is not practicable to spray paint.
C. Spraying
Spraying is the preferred method for a quality finish.Spraying is used to cover
large surfaces with a uniform layer of material, which results in the most cost
effective method of application. All spray systems have several basic
similarities. There must be an adequate source of compressed air, a reservoir
or feed tank to hold a supply of the finishing material, and a device for
controlling the combination of the air and finishing material ejected in an
atomized cloud or spray against the surface to be coated. A self-contained,
pressurized spray can of paint meets the above requirements and
satisfactory results can be obtained painting components and small areas of
touchup. However, the aviation coating materials available in cans is limited,
and this chapter addresses the application of mixed components through a
spray gun. There are two main types of spray equipment. A spray gun with an
integral paint container is adequate for use when painting small areas. When
large areas are painted, pressurefeed equipment is more desirable since a
large supply of finishing material can be applied without the interruption of
having to stop and refill a paint container. An added bonus is the lighter
overall weight of the spray gun and the flexibility of spraying in any direction
with a constant pressure to the gun.

Finishing equipment

Paint booth
Air supply
Spray equipment
o Air compressor

o Large coating containers

o System air filter
Miscellaneous painting tools and equipment
Spray guns
o Siphon feed gun
o Gravity feed gun
Fresh breathing system
Viscosity measuring cup
Mixing equipment

Preparation

Surfaces
Primer and paint

Spray gun operation

Adjusting the spray pattern

Applying the finish
Common spray gun problems

Sequence for painting a single engine or light twin

airplane
As a general practice on any surface being painted, spray each application of
coating in a different direction to facilitate even and complete coverage. After you
apply the primer, apply the tack coat and subsequent top coats in opposite
directions, one coat vertically and the next horizontally, as appropriate.

Common paint troubles

Poor adhesion
Blushing
Pinholes
Sags and runs
Orange peel
Fisheyes
Sanding scratches
Wrinkling
Spray dust

Painting trim and identification marks

Masking and applying the trim

Masking for the trim
Display of nationality and registration marks
o Display of marks
o Location and placement of marks

Size requirements for different aircraft

Decals

Metal decals with cellophane backing

Metal decals with paper backing
Metal deccals with no adhesive
Vinyl film decals
Removal of decals

Paint system compatibility