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Biochemistry
Classes of Compounds
Inorganic compounds
Organic compounds
Properties of Water
Reactivity
Cushioning
Salts
Ions play specialized roles in body functions (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium,
and iron)
Important acids
Important bases
[H+], pH
Acidic pH: 06.99
Neutral solutions
Equal numbers of H+ and OH
All neutral solutions are pH 7
Pure water is pH neutral
pH of pure water = pH 7: [H+] = 107 m
[H+], pH
Alkaline pH: 7.0114
Neutralization
Acid-base Homeostasis
Buffers
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Functions of carbohydrates
Polymers
Contain C, H, and O [(CH20)n]
Three classes
Disaccharides two sugars
Polysaccharides many sugars
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
Lipids
Insoluble in water
Main types:
Phospholipids
Steroids
Eicosanoids
Main functions
Phospholipids
Steroids
salts
Cholesterol
Important in cell membranes, vitamin D synthesis, steroid hormones, and bile
Eicosanoids
Prostaglandins
Proteins
Protein Denaturation
Molecular Chaperones
Stress proteins
Enzymes
Enzymes
Characteristics of Enzymes
Nucleic Acids
Contain C, O, H, N, and P
Monomer = nucleotide
Composed of nitrogen base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group
Polymers
Four bases:
Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Function of ATP
Phosphorylation