Equipment for Engineering Education

Instruction Manual
HM150.02 Dead-Weight
Piston Gauge

G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH

P.O. Box 1125
D-22881 Barsbttel Germany
Phone (040) 670854-0
Fax
(040) 670854-42

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HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

Instruction Manual
Please read and follow the instructions before the first installation!

Publication-No.:

917.000 02A 150 02

7/95

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

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2. Unit Description and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.1

Unit Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.2

Starting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.3

Zero Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.4

Topping up the Hydraulic Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.5

Calibrating Pressure Gauges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.6

Accuracy class rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3. Transportation and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4. Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

1.

Introduction
The G.U.N.T. Dead-Weight Piston Gauge is
used for checking and adjusting manometers.

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The pressure is applied via weights which are

placed on a weight support. The latter has a piston
which acts on hydraulic oil in a pipe system, so that
a manometer which is also connected to the system should indicate certain pressures.
The device contains a Bourdon spring manometer
with a transparent dial. The display mechanism
and the various adjustment opportunities are therefore clearly identifiable.
Hydraulic oil is used to transfer pressure.

1. Introduction

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

2.

Unit Description and Operation

2.1

Unit Layout
The device for calibrating pressure gauges essentially consists of two units:
1. The pressure gauge unit

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This is where the manometer to be calibrated is

screwed in. For experimental purposes, the unit
comes supplied with a Bourdon spring manometer
already screwed in.
2. The load unit
The load unit consists of several weights and a
cylinder with a piston. An increase in the load
results in an increase in pressure. The load unit is
connected to the pressure gauge unit via an oil-filled line, enabling the manometer to display the
increase in pressure.

2
3

2. Unit Description and Operation

1. Base Plate

4. Weights

2. Manometer

5. Overflow

3. Weight support

6. Drain plug

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

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The following sectional drawing shows how the

load unit and pressure gauge unit are connected.

Overflow

Top view of the unit:

Holder for the weights

Counterbalance
cylinder

Drain plug

As you can see, both units are connected by

means of a pipeline. When the support is loaded
with weights, the oil pressure in the system increases. The seal between the piston and the cylinder
is metallic, with no other sealing elements. The fit
has been very carefully designed to ensure that
the piston operates almost entirely without friction,
and with minimal oil leakage.
The weights are designed in such a way that
pressure increments of 0.5 bar are possible.
Place the small weight on the weight support first.
A guide pin is provided for this purpose. The other
weights would lie askew on the plunger, and would
corrupt the measurements due to different levels
of friction.
The unit is also equipped with a drain valve in order
to drain the oil. In addition, an overflow is incorporated, so that any leaked oil can be siphoned off.
The overflow can be emptied via a tap.

2. Unit Description and Operation

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

Attention! Do not change monometer. Oil can

only refilled in with the help of a vakuum.

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2.2

2.3

Starting
-

Open the overflow valve

Remove the transport-cap

If necessary topping up the hydraulik oil

Inserting the piston

Zero Balance
To check the zero point of the manometer, proceed
as follows:
-

Press the piston out of the cylinder using the

hand wheel.

Remove the piston and weight support.

Adjust the oil level in the open cylinder until the

cylinder is filled up to the edge.

The manometer being tested should now indicate

zero, as it is only subject to ambient pressure.

2. Unit Description and Operation

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

2.4

Topping up the Hydraulic Oil

If the cylinder is not quite filled, despite the fact
that the hand wheel has been screwed in completely, the oil should be topped up. For this
purpose, unscrew the hand wheel approximately
10 - 15 mm and pour oil into the cylinder until it
is totally full.

2.5

Calibrating Pressure Gauges

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Once the zero point of a manometer has been

checked, the weight support is re-inserted into the
cylinder of the pressure gauge unit. The piston is
then slowly lowered by unscrewing the counterbalance cylinder until it is freely suspended. In order
to avoid static friction, set the weight support in
gentle rotation. The mass of the support is 385 g.
Taking into account the piston diameter of 12 mm,
it is now possible to determine the increase in
pressure according to the following basic formulae.

F=mg

p=

F
A

This produces the following results:

F = m g = 0.385 kg 9.81

A=

2
d = (12 mm)2 = 113.1 mm2
4
4

p=

F
3.78 N
N
=
= 0.0334
2
A 113.1 mm
mm2
p = 0.334 10

2. Unit Description and Operation

m
3.78 N
s2=

N
2 = 0.334 bar
m

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

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A: cross-sectional area of piston,

d: piston diameter,
F: force,
p: pressure,
m: mass of load unit,
g: gravity constant.
Other pressures occurring when the weight on
the support is increased can be calculated in
exactly the same way.
The display of 0.5 bar is achieved by placing a
weight with a mass of 193 g on the support. The
other weights weigh 578 g, which is equivalent to
a pressure increase of 0.5 bar each time.
The following table shows the ratio of pressure to
weights:

2.6

Mass in kg

0.385 0.578 1.152 1.726

2.3

2.874

Pressure in
bar

0.334

2.0

2.5

0.5

1.0

1.5

Accuracy class rating

The accuracy class rating describes the maximal
percentage difference allowed between real and
measured pressure, in relation of the end scale
value. For an instrument of quality class 1.0 the
max. allowed difference is +/- 1 % from the end
scale value.
e.g.:
Measuring range:
Accuracy class rating:
maximal allowed difference:

2. Unit Description and Operation

0 - 2.5 bar
1.0
0.025 bar

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

3.

Transportation and Handling

This section lists several points which must
be observed in order to obtain accurate
measurements.
During transportation, the plunger should be
removed from the load unit. Care should be
taken to ensure that the cylinder is not scratched or marked, as this may impair the metallic seal.

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During transportation, the load unit should be

sealed with the enclosed cap to ensure that
no oil is lost. In order to mount and remove
the cap, the overflow must be open to the
atmosphere. Warning! Oil may spray out of
the overflow tap.
The dial of the Bourdon spring manometer
is made of glass and therefore fragile.

3. Transportation and Handling

HM 150.02 Dead-Weight Piston Gauge

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4.

Technical Specifications
Principal dimensions:
Length
Width
Height
Weight

400
400
400
7

Base plate:

powder-coated, black

Manometer:
Measuring range
Accuracy class rating

0 - 2.5
1.0

Hydraulic oil:
Filling volume
Reserve bottle

HLP ISO 32
approx. 500 ml
500
ml

Weights:
weigth support
weight ring

4. Technical Specifications

1 x 384
1 x 193
4 x 578

mm
mm
mm
kg

bar

g
g
g