Terminologies/Istilah-istilah

1. Breathing is the process that takes air into our bodies and gives it out again.
2. Exhalation means breathe out carbon dioxide from the body.
3. Inhalation means breathe in oxygen into our body.
4. Excretion means the removal of waste products from the human body.
5. Defecation means the removal of faeces from the body.
6. Length is the distance between two points
7. Area is the size of a surface.
8. Volume is the amount of space occupied.
9. Time is the period between two moments
10. Transparent (Lut sinar) means an object that allows all light to pass through it.
11. Translucent (Lut cahaya) means an object that allows some light to pass through it.
12. Opaque (Legap) means an object that does not allow any light to pass through it.
13. Man-made materials are made by man from natural sources through certain processes.
14. Natural materials originate from plants, animals or soil.(obtained from nature).
15. Synthetic materials means materials made from the combination of various sources.
(campuran pelbagai jenis sumber).
16. Reusing means to use unused or waste materials again,either of the same or different purpose.
17. Reducing means that we use less amounts of materials than we used to.
18. Recycling means reprocessing unused or waste materials into useful new products.
19. An object that conducts electricity is called an electric conductor.
20. An object that does not conduct electricity is called an electric insulator.
21. An object that conducts heat is called a heat conductor.
22. An object that do not conduct heat is called a heat insulator.
23. Asteroids are small rocky bodies that orbit the Sun found between Mars and Jupiter.
24. Meteoroids are small rocky particles that orbit the Sun.(smaller than asteroids).
25. When a meteoroids enters the atmosphere, it becomes meteor.(a streak of light).
26. Meteors that reach the ground are called meteorites.
27. Comets are small, rocky, icy bodies that orbit the Sun.(mixture of ice and dust).
28. Limitations means what humans cannot do.
29. Technology means the usage of devices or methods to overcome our limitations to solve our
problems.
30. Communication is the process of sharing ideas, information and messages with one another
eg talking, writing,.
31. Microorganisms are very tiny living things that cannot be seen with our naked eyes.
32. Herbivores are animals that eat plants only.
33. Carnivores are animals that eat animals only.
34. Omnivores are animals that eat plants and animals.
35. Energy is the ability to do work.
36. Energy sources are things that provide energy.
37. The principle of the conservation of energy states that Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
but can be changed from one form to another.
38. Renewable energy are energy that can be replenished (replaced) when used.
39. Non-renewable energy are energy that cannot be replenished (replaced) when used up.
40. Reflection means when light falls on an object, some of the light bounces off the surface of the
object.
41. Heat is a form of energy.
42. Temperature is an indicator to show how hot or cold an object is.
43. All living and non living things are matter that has mass and occupies space.

44. Melting is a process in which a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state by
heating it to its melting point.
45. Boiling is a process in which a substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state by
heating it to its boiling point.
46. Evaporation is a process in which a substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous
state without heating it to its boiling point.
47. Condensation is a process in which a substance changes from the gaseous state to the liquid
state by cooling it down to its condensation point.
48. Freezing is a process in which a substance changes from the liquid state to the solid state by
cooling it down to its freezing point.
49. Constellation is a group of stars that form a certain pattern.
50. Animals that live alone are called solitary animals.
51. Competition is a struggle among living things to get its basic needs.
52. Extinction means that there is not even a single animal or plant left in the world.
53. Endangered animals/plants means that they are facing the threat of extinction.
54. Conserving endangered animals means preventing and protecting certain animals from
extinction.
55. Conservation means the wise use of natural resources and includes the protection,
management and renewal of natural resources.
56. Preservation means the the measures or steps taken to maintain living things and the
environment in its natural,original,balanced state.
57. A force is a push or pull.
58. Friction is a type of force that opposes the movement of an object.
59. Speed is a measurement of how fast an object moves.
60. Decaying means when microorganisms break the food down into simpler substances.
61. Food preservation is a process of slowing down the food from becoming bad.( melambatkan
makanan menjadi rosak).
62. Drying is a process whereby water is removed from food.
63. Vacuum-packing measns food is stored without air in containers.
64. Pickling is a process of preserving food by soaking the food in vinegar or water containing a
lot of salt or sugar.
65. Pasteurising is a process wherby milk is heated to a temperature between 55C and 70C for a
short period of time and is then quickly cooled and packed.
66. Waxing is a process which prevents the growth of fungi and protects the fruits from being
easily bruised.
67. Waste is any unwanted material or by-product.
68. Greenhouse effect means certain gases trap the heat from the Sun in the Earths atmosphere.
69. Global warming means the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing the
temperature of the Earth to rise.
70. Acid rain means acidic gases dissolve in rainwater.
71. Biodegradable waste is waste that can be decayed by microorganisms.(organic wastes- food
leftovers,sewage, paper,wood,rubber
72. Non-biodegradable wastes is waste that cannot be decayed by microorganisms.(glass, metals,
ceramics,most plastic and some detergents).
73. A machine is any device or tool used to make work easier.
74. A simple machine is a simple tool used to make our work easier.
75. A complex machine hasw two or more simple machines working together.