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Quick Facts
NREL analysts have developed a variety
of modeling tools for the electrical grid,
including ReEDS, which looks at the
build-out of generation and transmission
systems, and FESTIV, which examines the
impacts of variability from wind and solar
energy sources.
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Building on the groundbreaking Western
Wind and Solar Integration Study
(WWSIS), NREL analysts created simulations for a more in-depth WWSIS-2.
NREL found that the increased cycling
of a fossil-fueled plant to accommodate
high levels of wind and solar generation
increases operating costs by 2%5%.
However, from a system perspective, the
fossil fuel costs that are avoided by using
solar and wind power are far greater than
the increased cycling costs.
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WWSIS-2 also found that the negative
impact of cycling on overall plant emissions is relatively small, and that the
increase in plant emissions from cycling
to accommodate variable renewable
sources is more than offset by the overall
reduction in carbon dioxide and other
pollutants.
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ReEDS provided the underpinning for
the Renewable Electricity Futures Study,
and in conjunction with production cost
modeling, demonstrated that renewable
energy generation from technologies that
are commercially available today, combined with a more flexible electric system,
is more than adequate to supply 80% of
U.S. electricity by 2050.
Analysis