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International Journal of Basic And Advanced Research, 2012; 1(2); 34-39
ISSN: 2278-7143
Research Article
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this research paper were to 1. Study the life of Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule and to study his works in the
light of the thoughts generated and practices developed by him. The work of Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule was treated to be
the unit for this research paper. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. This research paper concluded
that Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule was a great revolutionary. At the time he was born India was divided into different
castes. Shudras were treated like animals. He himself belonged to a lower caste. He also faced caste discrimination. So he
sacrificed his life for the upliftment of the untouchables , peasants and women. For this purpose he formed institution i.e.
satya shodhak samaj. He wanted to create a new social system in India based upon equality,justice, liberty and fraternity.
He was the pioneer of women education in India. In the history of India he was the first person who spread women
education by opening girl schools and opened orphanages for widow women and their children. He was the first Indian
who was honoured by British Govt for his noble work. He taught his wife and made her the first trained lady of India. He
was a great revolutionary writer. He was severely criticized by Brahmin samaj for his noble work and attacked by them.
But he continued with his movement. He sacrificed his life for the upliftment of untouchables, peasants and women.
Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule was an activist, thinker, social
reformer, writer, philosopher, theologist, scholar, editor
and revolutionary from Maharashtra, India in
the
nineteenth century. He was born on April 11, 1827 in
Satara district of Maharashtra. His family belonged to a
mali caste. His father and uncle served as florists. His
family came to be known as Phule. His mother passed
away when he was nine months old. His caste perceived
to be inferior caste by certain sections of the society. His
mothers name was Mata Bimla Bai Phule. Their
ancestors used to serve the upper castes. After completing
school he had to leave school and helped his father by
working on the familys farm. A Brahmin clerk of his
father also advised his father to stop his son from going to
school by saying that there was no use of education. His
father Baba Gobind Rao Phule stopped his education.
Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phule Ji was married at the age of 13.
His wife Mata Savitri Rao Phule was 8 years old at the
time of her marriage. But his intelligence was recognized
by a Muslim and Christian neighbourers who persuaded
his father to send him to the local Scottish Missions High
School which he completed in 1847. At the time when he
was born India was divided into different castes. Chatur
Varna system (Caste System) was prevalent in India.
Original inhabitants of India belonged to lower castes.
They were called Shudras, Untouchables etc. They were
treated like animals. This had been prevalent for the
centuries. They were not allowed to get education. They
were to serve the upper Castes i.e. Brahmins, Kshatryas
and Vashyas. They were badly treated by the upper
castes. They were deprived of every kind of right. They
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virod kiya. (4) (The Indian people dont have the curiosity
to know the truth. It is so because a large number of
people have been kept devoid of education. Phule came to
know this.he used to feel the damage occurred to
the Indian society because of the unavailability of
education..Jyoti Rao Phule was in the real sense a
great thinker finder of truth. He was of the view that
every individual should search for the truth and mould
accordingly, only then the human society can remain
happythe thing that was wrong from the
perspective of the welfare of the society, he severely
opposed that.
Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule also continued with this
movement. The turning point in Jyotibas life was in 1848
when he was insulted by the family members of his
Brahmin friend. Members of the Brahmin family
threatened him against attending the function of
Brahmins. Influenced by Thomas Paines book Right of
Man 1791 Phule developed a keen sense of social justice.
On 24 Sep, 1873 Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phule formed a
Satya Shodhak Samaj with himself as its first president
and treasurer. The main objectives of this were to liberate
the Shudras and atishudras and to prevent their
exploitation by the upper castes like Brahmins. Satya
Shodhak Samaj was the society of seekers of Truth. For
his fight to attain rights for the peasants and the lower
castes and his contribution to the field of education,
Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phule is regarded as the most
important figure of social reform movement in India. He
is regarded as the father of Indian social
revolution. Satya Shodhak Samaj was a social movement
and had nothing to do with politics. Mahatma Jyoti Rao
Phule was its president and Mata Savitri Rao Phule
became head of the womens section which included 90
female members. She worked tirelessly as school teacher
for girls. She was the first trained lady teacher of India.
Deenbandhu Publication, the mouthpiece of Satya
Shodhak Samaj played an important role in Satya
Shodhak Samaj movements.
Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phule refused to regard Vedas as
sacrosanct. Satya Shodhak Samaj propounded the spread
of rational thinking and rejected the need for a Brahmin
priestly class as educational and religious leaders.
b) Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule: A Great RevolutionaryMahatama Jyoti Rao Phule was hundred years ahead of
his time. The modern world has just experienced the
struggles he undertook in his times for the women
emancipation. In his age Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule had
to face much opposition from the orthodox upper castes
and was also boycotted, but still he was very determined
and unshakable. In this sense, it can be said that he was
also an early feminist. He suffered a lot from upper caste
people. Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phule was the victim of that
social system established by Brahmins and all this is still
prevalent at high rate in India. He stood against this
system and gave his and the life of his wife to this noble
cause. Unless philosophy and all efforts made by him are
implemented in India we cannot attain the target of
universalisation of education and we cannot change the
old system into new.
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REFERENCES
1. Aggarwal, J.C (2005). Landmarks in the History of
Modern Indian Education, Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd.
2. Ambedkar, B.R. (2008). Annihilation Of Caste,
Moolnivasi Publication Trust, Delhi.
3. Ambedkar,
B.R.
(2008a).
Shudron
Ki Khoj, Gautam Book Publications, New Delhi.
4. Bali, L.R. (2004). Samvidhan Par Dakka, Bheem
Patrika, Jalandhar.
5. Bali, L.R. (2006). Mannukhi Hakkan Te Chhape,
Ambedkar Mission Society England(U. K.).
6. Bali, L.R. (2006a). Nahi Mitegi Chhuachhat,
Bheem Patrika Publications, Jalandhar.
7. Fifth Survey of Education Research (1988-92)
NCERT, New Delhi.
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