Press hardening

2013-04-18
Susanna Weinberger
Technical Manager Oerlikon Balzers Sandvik Coating AB

Press hardening
Process challenges
22MnB5
Ferrite-Perlite
Rm 600 MPa

Austenitizing
Forming and
Quenching

Temperature difference

Relative movement

Excessive wear
Source: LFT Friedrich-Alexander University Nrnberg-Erlangen

Blanking

Martensite
Rm > 1500 MPa

Al/Si-coating or oxide scales

Press hardening
Direct process of uncoated sheet material
SEM picture of tempered
uncoated steel sheet (22MnB5)

Uncoated sheet after

tempering
Big iron oxide wear
particles (up to 2 m size)

SEM picture of worn

uncoated tool surface

Ploughing of tool surface

by iron oxide particles

Extreme abrasive wear at

elevated temperature due
to ploughing of iron oxide
particles

Source: Rovalma

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OC Oerlikon Balzers AG

Press hardening
Direct process of coated sheet material
Cross section of AlSi coated steel
sheet (USIBOR)

SEM picture of worn

uncoated tool surface

2m

2m

Less Ploughing of tool

surface by Al-Si oxides
Coated sheet after heating
at 950 C

Severe sticking of AlSiMaterial built up

coating on tool surface

little abrasive wear at
elevated temperature

Source: Rovalma

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OC Oerlikon Balzers AG

Press hardening
Coating selection
Sheet types in presshardening process

Application problem

USIBOR (AlSi coated)

Phs-ultraform (zinc coated) (1)

Thermal load

22MnB5 (uncoated)

Adhesive wear (2)

GammaProtect (zinc coated) (1)

(1)

(4)

Abrasive/adhesive wear
Abrasive/adhesive wear

of AlSi-coating on tool surface

of scale on the sheet surface acts like a grinding powder

(3) Formation

For casted steel tools or big tool dimension

BALINIT LUMENA

Extreme abrasive wear (3)

Phs-ultraform indirect process, GammaProtect direct process

(2) Sticking

Solution

BALINIT ALCRONA

PPD (4)

Type of metal sheet

Important coating properties

Friction
coefficient

Oxidation
resistance

Hardness/
Ductility

Chemical
stability against
the workpiece
material

Residual
stress

Abrasive wear
resistance

Hot hardness

Thermophysical
properties

Coating properties
Abrasive wear resistance at elevated temperatures
(AlCrN) ALCRONA

(TiAlN) LUMENA

20C

20C

500C

500C

700C

700C

Clear benefit of AlCrN (ALCRONA) compared to TiAlN (LUMENA)

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OC Oerlikon Balzers AG

BALINIT ALCRONA
Oxidation resistance
Comparison with titanium-based coatings

Completely oxidised

900
800

Oxidised layer [nm]

700
600
500
400

BALINIT LUMENA

BALINIT B

BALINIT X.CEED

300
200

BALINIT ALCRONA

100
0
550

600

650

700

750

Holding time hour in ambient atmoshpere

800

850

900

950

1000 1050 1100 1150 1200

Oxidation temperature [C]

Friction behaviour
Nakajima test
Nakajima test with BALINIT ALCRONA coated punch
Test device

80

ALCRONA coated 1st test

ALCRONA coated 2nd test
uncoated 1st test
uncoated 2nd test

70

punch force [kN]

60
50

Test condition

40

Sheet metal Arcelor USIBOR

30

Sheet temperature 900C

Heating duration 10 min

20

Tool temperature 620C

10

Punch radius 50 mm

0
0

10

20

30

40

50
mm

60

distance [mm]

Improved friction conditions yield in a more homogeneous forming process

Source: LFT Friedrich-Alexander University Nrnberg-Erlangen

BALINIT treatment benefits

BALINIT treatment benefits

Tool lifetime extended for around 100% in
some cases (especially bumper tools)
up to 200%
Added benefits:

No repair welding necessary

Less maintenance

Less press downtime due to reduced

cleaning cycles (for USIBOR material)

Application examples BALINIT ALCRONA

Uncoated steel sheet

coated tools:
- bumper
- door beam
- B-pillar
- roof rail
- sill

Application examples BALINIT LUMENA

Coated steel sheet

Coating thickness : > 8

Bumper tool

Roof rail

Application examples BALINIT LUMENA

Coated steel sheet

B-pillar

Werkzeug Sule B Limo/Avant

Application examples PPD

Coated steel sheet

B-pillar

PPD process picture

Application examples BALINIT ALCRONA

uncoated steel sheet

Detailed App Description

Automotive Hot Stamping

Type of produced part

B Pillar

Application Problem

Scale formation it should be

Type of metal sheet

Tool steel
Coating type
Pre-Post treatments

Uncoated sheet
H13
BALINIT ALCRONA DUPLEX
Pre and Post Polish

FEEDBACK
Application result
Additional Feedback

Over 500k hits to date.

Tool Failure with no coating at
200k

Thank you

Oerlikon Balzers
close to you
anywhere in the world