Ministry of ________

Logo
Republic of ____________

INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE PROJECT

FOR RICE
CULTIVATION ON 1000HA LAND AND
48TPD RICE MILL

FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

JUNE 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.

INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................

2.

APPROACH FOR STRENGTHINING THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR..................

2.1.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT...................................................................

2.2.

NEED OF THE PROJECT...........................................................................

2.3.

THE PROJECT..........................................................................................

3.

4.

PROJECT AREA AGRICULTURE SCENARIO..................................................

3.1.

TRADITIONAL FARMING SECTOR............................................................

3.2.

MECHANIZED FARMING SECTOR...........................................................

3.3.

RICE CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR INCREASING YEILDS........

TUBE WELL IRRIGATION SYSTEM.............................................................

4.1.

LAND USE DETAILS..............................................................................

4.2.

TOPOGRAPHY......................................................................................

4.3.

SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA................................................

4.4.

SOURCE OF WATER FOR AGRICULTURE...............................................

4.5.

REQUIREMENT OF TUBEWELLS / BOREWELLS FOR RICE

CULTIVATION.......................................................................................

4.6.

IRRIGATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENT DETAILS......................................

4.7.

TUBEWELLS / BOREWELLS..................................................................

4.8.

IRRIGATION FIELD CHANNELS NETWORK............................................

4.9.

POWER SUPPLY FACILITIES..................................................................

4.10. ROAD NETWORK.................................................................................

4.11. LAND PREPARATION FOR IRRIGARTION...............................................
4.12. DRAINAGE SYSTEM..............................................................................
5.

FARM MECHANIZATION............................................................................
5.1.

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................

5.2.

SELECTION OF TRACTORS...................................................................

5.3.

TRACTORS FOR MECHANIZATION........................................................

5.4.

SELECTION OF FARM MACHINERY........................................................

6.

TRACTOR & IMPLEMENT WORKSHOP......................................................

7.

MODERN RICE MILLING UNITS.................................................................

8.

7.1.

RICE MILLING OPERATION....................................................................

7.2.

INSTALLED CAPACITY OF RICE MILL.....................................................

7.3.

FLOW CHART OF UNIT OPERATION IN RICE MILL..................................

7.4.

PLANT BUILDING & MACHINERY..........................................................

TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING.............................................................

8.1.

DETAILS OF TRAINING AREAS..............................................................

8.2.
9.

TRAINING CENTER COMPLEX AND TRAINING PROGRAM DETAILS........

COST ESTIMATE.......................................................................................
9.1.

PROJECT FINANCING............................................................................

9.2.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS..................................................................

9.3.

INSTITUITIONAL ASPECTS....................................................................

9.4.

PROJECT COMPLETION PERIOD...........................................................

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Country Brief

NEED OF STRENGETHING THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Presently, hand cultivated farming is carried out by the households in small areas
close to their home due to acute shortage of labor. The country has tremendous
potential to expand the agricultural production by introducing:

Better irrigation practices,

Mechanized farming,
High yield seed varieties,
Proper Fertilizer inputs,
Improved marketing facilities.

All the operations from sowing to harvesting are carried out manually with sickle
and hand hoe, thus, the agricultural productivity is low. This scenario has resulted
in poverty, food insecurity and unsustainable growth/development in the country.

NEED OF THE PROJECT

Achievement of food security and self-sufficiency can be possible only with
effective and efficient techniques of production through mechanization, education
and training of farmers, integration of technologies for effective management of
natural resources without degradation of environment. The overall intention is
intensification of irrigation and mechanization of rice agriculture to avoid
dependence on rain fed agriculture.

THE PROJECT
The Integrated Rice Development Project envisages covering 1000 ha area. The
project envisages to provide assured irrigation facilities along with adoption of
mechanized farming for rice cultivation in the designated area so as to increase
the food production in the country. The Rice Production Plant shall also be
established for the processing of the paddy.

The various components of the

project includes Irrigation & Cultivation on 1000 ha of land, Mechanized

Farming, Modern Rice Mill with 48TPD Capacity and Training & Capacity Building
of the farmers.

COST ESTIMATION
The cost of the Development of for Rice Cultivation, Farm Mechanization, Rice
Processing

Plant, Training Center Complex including Training Programme and

Miscellaneous Items works out to USD 79,923,129.

PROJECT COMPLETION PERIOD

It is proposed to complete the project in 36 Months, as given as below.
A.

Field

visits

by

experts,

survey

and

investigation,

7 Months

preparation of Detailed Engineering Report and its

B.
C.
Total

approval
Tendering Process and award of work to the successful
contractor
Completion and commissioning of the Project

5 Months
24 Months
36
Months

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Insert brief back ground of the country.

Presently, hand cultivated farming is carried out by the households in small areas
close to their home due to acute shortage of labor. The country has tremendous
potential to expand the agricultural production by introducing:

Better irrigation practices,

Mechanized farming,
High yield seed varieties,
Proper Fertilizer inputs,
Improved marketing facilities.

All the operations from sowing to harvesting are carried out manually with sickle
and hand hoe, thus, the agricultural productivity is low. This scenario has resulted
in poverty, food insecurity and unsustainable growth/development in the country.

CHAPTER 2
APPROACH FOR SRTENGTHENING AGRICULTURE SECTOR

2. APPROACH FOR STRENGTHINING THE AGRICULTURE

SECTOR
After acknowledging the importance of the agriculture sector in the national
economy, several Policy matter steps have been initiated by the Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of Republic of ______ aiming at to increase the
agricultural production in the country. These steps are:

Identification of crop specific areas depending upon the soil and climatic

conditions in the country.

Introducing Agricultural Mechanization Policy

As a part of its initiative and keeping in view the soil characteristics and climatic
conditions, Ministry of Agriculture has earmarked 15000 ha area for rice
cultivation.
These steps aim at to transform its subsistence agriculture into commercialized
and professional agriculture so as to eradicate poverty and food insecurity. This
calls

upon

increased

and

sustained

productivity

through

irrigated

and

mechanized agriculture whereby the farmers consolidate their land use and other
resources for successful and continued production of high quality crops.
Achievement of food security and self-sufficiency can be possible only with
effective and efficient techniques of production through dependable irrigation
system, mechanization, education and training of farmers, integration of
technologies for effective management of natural resources without degradation
of environment.
Presently, the agricultural machinery and implements are being imported by the
country. Due to the absence of proper infrastructural supports, non-availability of
spares and after sales services, most of the farm equipments are lying unused.

2.1.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main objectives of the project are:

Introduction of latest irrigation system for harnessing ground water for rice

cultivation.
Introduction of modern machinery and equipment for rice production
Setting up of an institution to impart training to farmers, Tractors

operators, and mechanics in the latest rice cultivation techniques.

Development of Human Resources Pool of technicians/ experts to support

farm mechanization programs.

Employment generation.

2.2.

NEED OF THE PROJECT

Achievement of food security and self-sufficiency can be possible only with

effective techniques of production through mechanization, education and training
of farmers, integration of technologies for effective management of natural
resources

without

degradation

of

environment.

The

overall

intention

is

intensification and mechanization of rice agriculture to avoid dependence on rain

fed agriculture in all parts of the country.

2.3.

THE PROJECT

The Integrated Rice Development Project envisages covering 1000 ha area. The
project envisages to provide assured irrigation facilities along with adoption of
mechanized farming for rice cultivation in the designated area so as to increase
the food production in the country. The Rice Production Plant shall also be
established for the processing of the paddy.

CHAPTER 3
AGRICULTURE SCENARIO OF THE PROJECT AREA

3. PROJECT AREA AGRICULTURE SCENARIO

3.1.

TRADITIONAL FARMING SECTOR

The rice cultivation in the Traditional Sector is being done by the rural population
manually in the landholdings near their houses between the periods April to
October. The mechanized farming in this sector is limited to land preparation
only, rest of all other agricultural operations i.e. from sowing to harvesting, are
carried out manually.
The average rice yield is about 0.75 to 1.05 tons per ha. The factors responsible
for the low yield are given hereunder:

Shortage of labour
Non availability of good quality seeds
Non availability of farming inputs like fertilizers etc
Non utilization of agriculture equipments and tools.
Insecurity in the region

3.2.

MECHANIZED FARMING SECTOR

During rainy season, the water for irrigation to the various blocks of the Rice
Scheme is supplied through existing canal network which is in use but needs
rehabilitation. Farm machinery and equipments to carry out the operations from
sowing to harvesting are available with the concerned government agency. The
tractors engaged for the ploughing activity in the area are being used.

3.3.
RICE CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR
INCREASING YEILDS
Rice is the most important cereal crop of the world. It is the staple food for more
than half of the worlds population. As we know, climate (rain, temperature,
relative humidity, day, and length), soil type and human activity interact with

factors such as management practices to affect crop growth. Given the climatic
differences, the performance of a given variety of rice will vary greatly from site
to site. Selecting the best variety and crop management for giving site depends
on an accurate description of the environment.
Factors affecting the Rice Yield - Following weather parameters affect the rice
yield:
Solar Radiation: Solar energy is the most important climatic factor in rice
cultivation in temperature / moderate climates. The plants most critical period of
solar energy requirement is from Panicle Initiation to until 10 days before
maturity which is important for the accumulation of dry matter.
Temperature:

The rice plant growth and its growth pattern are influenced

greatly by the temperature. Higher mean temperature will reduce the growth.
Night temperature between 150C to 200C is favorable for rice cultivation.
Day length: The rice is a short day plant and sensitive to photoperiods. Long
days can prevent or delay the flowering.
Wind Velocity: A gentle wind velocity is helpful in creating micro-climate in the
rice cultivated areas is conducive for plant growth. Strong winds especially at the
heading stage are harmful as it reduces the rice yield.

View of Rice Field

Growth stages of Rice: Life cycle of rice plant, excluding pre-sowing stage, can
be classified into the following 5 stages:

Pre-sowing stage
Seeding Stage
Active Vegetative Stage
Vegetative Lag Phase
Reproduction Stage
Ripening Stage

Land preparation and puddling

Sowing to transplanting
Transplanting to maximum tilling stage.
Maximum tilling to Panicle Initiation
Panicle Initiation to harvesting
Flowering to harvest

There is vast scope for increasing the rice production through implementation of
best crop production techniques such as Soil Conditioning, efficient irrigation
through underground good quality water, Farm Mechanization and plant
protection measures. Rice requires well drained soils with pH of 5.5 7.0. The use
of improved varieties of seeds, balanced use of fertilizers (proper soil nutrients),
efficient water management, plant protection measures coupled with farm
mechanization would increase rice production.

The details of the rice plant growth stages duration is given hereunder
S.N

Growth Stage

o
1
2

Emergence of transplanting
Active veg. stage (Transplanting to

30
25

25
25

20
25

max. tilling)
Lag vegetative growth (Max. tilling to

25

15

33
7
35
155

33
7
30
135

33
7
25
115

4
5
6

Panicle Initiation)
Panicle Initiation to heading
Heading to flowering
Flowering to maturity
Total

Duration (days)
Low
High
Medium

Therefore while addressing the issue of increasing production of Rice, the main
objective of the proposed Project is to increase the land under cultivation, the
crop yields per hectare and the labor efficiency through farm mechanization and
also to establish mechanism for raising levels of machinery hour utilization in all
areas where farm mechanization equipments will be deployed.
The proposed project area has the potential to achieve rice productivity of more
than 5 tons per hectare while average productivity being realized is around 1 Tons
per hectare. The complete package of improved management practices for rice

ecologies includes: variety, method of land preparation, optimum planting date

and density, fertilizer etc. there is vast scope for increasing the rice production
through implementation of best crop production techniques as detailed below:
(a)

Land Selection: The most suitable soil for rice is one with a good
effective depth, favorable morphological properties, good internal
drainage, and an optimal moisture regime, sufficient and balanced
quantities of plant nutrients and chemical properties that are favorable
specifically for rice production. Available water alone does not provide
all that is necessary in the physical environment for successful irrigated
production. Problems with soils most frequently arise when they are
either too heavy or too sandy. When soils have sand content of 60% or
greater, the site may not be suitable for irrigation. Overly sandy soils
have a high infiltration rate which results in excessive seepage losses in
the canal network and in basins, and they have a low moisture retention
capacity which reduces available soil water to the crop. In low-lying
areas, heavy soils are sometimes found. In this case, infiltration rates
may be so low that excessive time is needed for water application and
poor internal soil drainage may also cause problems.

(b)

Land Preparation and Tillage Practices: Soil cultivation, particularly

primary tillage, is the foundation of any crop production system. Soil
cultivation practices change the soils structure, hydraulic properties
and stability to such an extent that plants grow and produce optimally.
The aims of soil tillage are weed control, incorporation of residue,
reducing wind and water erosion and improving soil structure.
Secondary tillage is applied to control weeds and prepare a seedbed.
Land preparations methods vary greatly from country to country.
Conventionally, farmers have used an animal-drawn plow 3-5 times for
land preparation. Usually, the cost of land preparation is about 25% of
the total cost of rice production. With machines, the average cost of
land

preparation

be

reduced

by

50%.

In

most

of

Asia,

little

mechanization is used to prepare land for planting. As soon as enough

rain has fallen to permit initial land preparation, the field is plowed with
an animal- drawn implement, then harrowed with a comb harrow to
prepare a good seedbed and to firm up the soil. For instance, Indian

farmers simply turn the soil over with country plows and pulverize it no
more than 10 cm deep.
Land preparation in Africa is primitive. Only about 2 percent of the total
area is prepared with animals or equipment; female laborers are the
primary source of power.
TD Rotavator
Cage Wheels & TD
Puddler

About 98 percent of the rice land in Africa is prepared manually because

draft cattle are scarce, most being susceptible to the trypanosome
disease (Food and Agriculture Organization Inventory Mission 1970). A
tractor-drawn harrow or cultivator was used for the first tilling, followed
by puddling using a rotavator in the second round. Over and above
these cost considerations, mechanization greatly reduced the time
needed for land preparation. With machines, a 1-hectare rice field can
be prepared in only 4.4 hours (range: 3.3-5.7 hours). This is <10% of
the time required previously.
Puddling: The Puddling is the most important item to be carried out
before the sowing of rice crop. Under this process, the coarser or larger
soil clots are broken into smaller clots thereby reducing the mean
particle size. Puddling is an essential operation for rice cultivation
because it facilitates easy transplantation.
Puddling in the field is a process due to which the reorientation of soil
particles at high moisture content takes place. The objective of the
Puddling is to:

Increase the bulk density of the soil

Decrease the non-capillary porosity to reduce deep percolation
losses

Puddling is a time-consuming process with an animal-drawn plow used

for land preparation. Tractor-drawn harrows and rotavators make this
process easier and quicker. The selection of the Puddling equipment out
of the ploughs, tiller or tractor drawn implements depends upon the soil
conditions and the availability of these equipments.

Pudding with Tractor Drawn Harrow & Cage Wheels

Soil in the main fields will be puddled by using Cage wheels & puddlers
which will be operated by the 4 wheel drive tractors.
(c)

Selection of Seed & Variety: Seed varietal choice, if correctly

planned, can make a great contribution to risk reduction and should
constitute an important part of production planning. Varieties differ
from one another with regard to their characteristics. Every variety has
its own adaptability and yield potential. The varieties adapted to local
production situations, as recommended by the research institutions for
the area should be grown in order to achieve high yields. Varieties with
the best levels of resistance or tolerance to diseases as well as lodging
should be selected for planting.
Within the farm it is usually best to have four or five varieties in use. If
resistance breaks down in one variety it will not affect everyones field.
That happens when the tolerance to a particular pathogen, such as the
rice blast fungus, breaks down and the entire farm suffers considerable
loss. The potential yield difference among improved varieties is usually
not that great and shifts between the top varieties each year in an
unpredictable manner. That is why multi-year testing is used and
usually there are no significant differences between the top four
varieties. Very few farmers actually use certified seed. Since rice is self-

pollinated and the genetic qualities do not deteriorate as hybrid seed

does, it is not necessary nor worth the extra cost. While not needed
every year, it is good to have a limited supply of certified seed flowing
into the area each year and propagated and distributed each year
within the farm.
Requirement of rice seeds for the project area has been estimated as
per following:
Sl. No

Total Area (ha)

Seed Quantity

1000

(Tons)
153

(d)

Method of Planting/Seeding & Transplanting: After Puddling

operation, the rice can be grown either by Direct Seeding or by
Transplanting.
Direct Seeding: Direct seeding is done during the dry season under
regulated water supply conditions i.e. canal irrigation. It is beneficial in
growing flooded rice where the soils are light and the plot size is small.
This method is economical as the labor cost is reduced during
transplanting

period

with

early

crop

maturity

period

than

the

transplanted crop. The weed problem is also not severe in this case.
In West Africa, rice is sown by broadcasting or dibbling. On the 40
percent of the upland area with annual rainfall of less than 1,500 mm,
seeds are dibbled into rows made with a pointed stick or a narrow
bladed hoe. On the 60 percent that has more than 1,500 mm annual
rainfall, seeds are broadcast in dry soil (Food and Agriculture
Organization Inventory Mission 1970).
When done correctly direct seeding can be just as productive as
transplanted. However, it usually has to be accompanied by the use of
herbicides to help control the weeds and requires a doubling of the seed
requirements. The area under direct seeding has been kept more as
direct

seeded

rice

requires

considerably

less

water

than

transplanted rice. Direct Rice Seeding will be done with Seed drills.

the

Direct Paddy Seeder

Direct Seeded Rice

Transplanting: In this case, the rice plants are grown in the nursery.
They are transplanted at 4-5 leaf stage or when they are about 20-25
cm in height. Transplanting can be done in two ways.
(i) Random transplanting.
(ii) Straight row transplanting.
The advantages of the transplanting are:

Reduction in the weed problem.

Uniform plant population.
Better nutrient availability for the plants.

The disadvantages of the Transplanting are:

High Labour Cost

Injury to Seedlings during handling
Needs more quantity of water

Manual Rice Transplanting

Transplanting of rice by machine was found to be cheaper and more
time- saving than manual transplanting, most farmers transplant into
puddled fields. Mechanical transplanting maintains regular spacing
between rice plants at 30 x 15 cm. This made using a rotary weeder
easier and further reduced the cost of weeding, with a rotary weeder, 1
hectare of land can be weeded by just 7-8 laborers in 1 day, whereas
this operation conventionally requires 20- 30 manual laborers. For
transplanted rice nursery shall be established & saplings will be
transplanted in the main field with Rice Transplanters.
(e)

Crop Fertilization: Recommended dosage of fertilizers based on soil

testing should be applied.
Nitrogen: Nitrogen is an important component of amino acids and
proteins, which are the basic building blocks of all living matter - both
plant and animal. Nitrogen- deficient plants normally show a paleyellowish color (Chlorosis), which results from a shortage of Chlorophyll
in the plants. Normally, half of the nitrogen dose may be applied as
basal and remaining in two splits.
Phosphate and Potash: Phosphates play an important role in the
storage and transfer of energy within plant cells. Phosphates react
rapidly with soil constituents that reduce the availability of this nutrient
to plant roots. Potash also plays a critical role in the nutritional balance
of a plant. Potash deficiency in maize results in reduced growth,
delayed maturity, and lodging caused by weak straw.
The general practice is to band-place Phosphorus and Potash at 5 cm to
the side and 5 cm below the seed.
Micronutrients: Micronutrients are needed in small amounts by rice,
but deficiencies still may occur which could limit yields. Iron,
manganese, zinc, copper and boron are adequate in most soils.
However, low levels and possible deficiencies of some of these could
occur on leached, sandy soils of low CEC and on medium-textured soils
that have an alkaline pH or that have been over-limed.
Fertilizer application should be carried out after weeding so that weeds
do not benefit from applied fertilizers.

These will be used to nourish the plants and enhance the crop yield.
Approx. quantity of Fertilizers subject to soil condition will be as follows:

Sl.
No
1

Amount of Fertilizers to be used for Project Area

Area (ha)
Fertilizer
Type of Fertilizer
1000

(Tons)
1645

Urea, DAP, SSP, Muriate of Potash,

Gypsum

(f)

Weed Control: Weeds compete with rice plants to reduce yields, and
cause harvesting losses. Even a light infestation of weeds can reduce
yields by 10 to 15 percent. Heavy infestations may reduce yields as
much as 50 percent if left unchecked during the season. Ideally, weeds
should be controlled throughout the season. However, the most critical
period is for the first six weeks after planting. Timely weeding is
important.
The most practical, economically viable and environmentally friendly
method of weed management is hand-weeding combined with practices
such as the use of weed-suppressing cultivars, mulching (Rain fed
Uplands), and water management (Rain fed and Irrigated Lowlands),
Two hand weeding or hoeing 14 and 28 days after seeding in the Rain
Forest zone or transplanting are also effective.
Weeds can be removed mechanically, by implements or by hand. Dense
stands of weeds may be burnt as an emergency measure. Chemical
liquids, granules or gases are used to kill germinating or growing
weeds, or weed seeds.

Mechanical Weed Control in Rice

In this scheme 4630 Liters of Herbicides will be used to save rice crops from
Weeds. Sprayers would be used for application of herbicides.

(g)

Irrigation water requirements and Scheduling

Crop Water Needs: The water needs of rice are not the same
throughout the crop period. Small quantities of water is required during
the early stages which gradually increases to flowering and early
maturing stage and then decreases to the lowest at later stages of crop
growth. Hence, it is very important to supply irrigation water at the
critical stages of the rice development. The requirement of water for

irrigation of rice cultivation depends upon the following factors:Soil type and Topography
Depth of water table
Area of continuous rice fields
Duration of crop
Evaporative demand in the season in which the crop is grown
For an irrigation system of any size, sufficient water must be provided
to the field to account for crop water needs, seepage losses in the field
channels, and for the leaching of salt if there is a high salt content in
either the water or soil. It has already been mentioned that a useful
approximation of overall irrigation requirement (I) is 10 mm of irrigation
water per day for small systems. This value safely covers the crop water
needs of most crops, as well as the seepage losses typically expected in
small systems. However, it does not include water necessary for
leaching salts. Actual use of water by the crop alone may vary from 2
mm/day to 8 mm/day. In order to make reasonable estimates of
irrigation water application in an irrigated plot, it is necessary to have a
good approximation of the surface area of the plot.
Crop water needs of the crop actually are quite low in the first 2-3
weeks and gradually increase as the root zone develops, reaching their
maximum need about three quarters of the way through the cropping
season. After this, the need decreases slightly for the last 1-3 weeks of
the season. More precise recommendations of crop water needs
according to specific crops may be obtained from the respective
Department / Ministry.

Keeping in view the above parameter, total requirement of water for the
rice cultivation per cropping season has been considered as 1200mm
depth of water. The details of the water requirement during the various
development stages of rice crop are given below.
Water of suitable quantity and quality must be reasonably close to the
ground surface, preferably within 0-10 meters. In the case of wells, the
well must penetrate the water table to a sufficient depth and the
aquifer must provide sufficient recharge to assure necessary quantities
of water. Groundwater having a considerable salt content must either
be abandoned or sufficient quantities, above the normal crop water
requirement, must be available for regular leaching of salts. Finally, the
lifting technology used (manual, animal traction, or small, diesel engine
powered or electric pump set) must be adequately adapted to the type
of water source and its depth in order to provide an ample and steady
flow rate.

1
2
3

Water Requirement at Various Stages of Crop Growth

Stage of Growth
Average Water
% of Water
Requirement
Requirement of
Total
Raising Seedlings
40
3.33
Land Preparation
190
15.83
Planting
to
Panicle
445
37.08

Initiation
Panicle

Sl.
No.

Initiation

flowering
Flowering to maturity
Total

to

405

33.76

120
1200

10.00
100.00

The real key to knowing how much area can be cultivated with a well is
not found only in how much storage volume of water the well has but
in knowing how much and at what rate water can be removed from the
well in one day. This is called the well's "capacity" (i.e., the maximum
flow rate or discharge) and is usually given in cubic meters per hour
(m3/hr) or in liters per second Ips). The well capacity or the maximum
flow rate that can be used for irrigation of a given area, in order to
select the most appropriate method for lifting water (e.g., manual,
animal traction, or small pump set), then-Select the type of water

lifting method that is expected to be used with the well (engine

powered pump set or electric pump set.

Pump Sets: For irrigated rice cultivation with shallow tube wells, there
is often a need to include pump sets. Of course pump sets come in
many sizes that one can selected from and many are reasonable
available in the market. Any pump set that one would require would be
low lift pumps that can lift relatively large volumes of water two or at
most three meters. These are single cylinder diesel engines with a
centrifugal pump directly attached (Monoblock). They also usually
come with a small wheeled wagon that can be pulled to the field and
returned back to the house when work is completed. These pumps
have completely taken over for the animal drawn sakia or water wheel
in Egypt where the water is delivered below ground and the farmers
have to lift it to their fields. The Liester-Pietter pumps can usually
deliver up to 50 l/sec. However, with the diesel engine, they are fairly
heavy so it is very difficult to hand carrying them to and from the field.

Electric Pump for Agricultural Use

Diesel Powered Centrifugal Pump Sets: There has a significant

increase over the past 20 years in the use of small pump sets for the
irrigation of private systems. These generally consist of small 5.0 to 7.5
horsepower (hp) engines attached to a low-lift centrifugal pump. These
are both attached to a small carrying frame which makes them easily

portable. The more common brands used are Kirloskar, Yamaha,

Honda, Kubota, and Robin. In most cases, these are placed at ground
surface level and used to lift water from shallow wells/Tube wells or
surface water from below. Normally only one individual is needed to
both operate the pump set and diverts water among basins in the field.
A change from manual water lifting to using a pump set represents a
high initial cost, but on the long term it can serve to both significantly
reduce the labor required to lift water and to allow for an increase in
irrigated area.
Correct irrigation timing is critical to maximizing yield. Too often,
growers irrigate by the appearance of the crop. Visual stress, especially
during reproductive growth, results in yield loss. Even if irrigation is
started at the first sign of visual stress, there is still some amount of
time required to finish irrigating a field. The result is that the crop in
the last area of the field to be irrigated suffers even greater yieldlimiting stress. The most critical stage of irrigation during the crop
growth is flowering and grain filling period. In surface irrigation water
use efficiency is as low as 50%, while it could be as high as 80-90% for
sprinkler and drip irrigation systems.

Diesel Pump in Operation

Surface irrigation in its various forms (basins, borders and furrows) is

the dominant water application method over most of the residual
floodplains. Most of the farmers now use small motorized pumps to
directly lift water from the river, stream or lake. It was also observed
that in areas far from rivers, streams and lakes, the farmers sink wash
bores and dig wells and use motorized pumps to lift water to irrigate
their farms. Most of the irrigation facilities are maintained by the
individual farmers and sometimes group of farmers. Governments
involvement is limited.

Basin Irrigation: A gravity surface irrigation method in which crops

are surrounded by a border to form a submersion check called basin of
round, square or any other form. Irrigation water generally comes
directly from the supply ditch/canal or from other basins.

Border Irrigation: A sub-system of controlled flood (surface) irrigation

in which the land is divided into parallel border strips demarcated from
one another by earth ridges. Water is successively delivered into each
strip from a head or field ditch at its upper end. On the upstream part
of each strip is a flat zone, the level portion from which the stream of
water spreads evenly across the entire downstream portion.

View of Border Irrigation System in Rice Fields

Use efficiency of water at the field level has been poor in the IGP due
to water loss in conveyance, application and distribution. Modern
intensive agriculture relies on the timely planting for enhanced crop
yields and profits. For high crop yields, farmers must ensure good
seedling

emergence,

better

crop

stand

and

early

crop

vigor.

Smoothness of land surface meets the objectives of achieving better

crop stand, saving irrigation water and improving the use efficiency of
precious inputs.

Traditionally farmers level their fields using animal drawn or tractordrawn levelers. These levelers are implements consisting of a blade
acting as a small bucket for shifting the soil from higher to the lowlying positions. It is seen that even the best leveled fields using
traditional land leveling practices are not precisely leveled and this
leads to uneven distribution of irrigation water. Significant amounts
(10-25%) of irrigation water is lost during application at the farm due
to poor common practices of irrigation in intensively cultivated
irrigated areas are flood basin and check basin irrigation systems.
These practices on traditionally leveled or unleveled lands lead to
water logging conditions in low-lying areas and soil water deficit at

higher spots .management and uneven fields (Kahlown et al. 2000).

Conventional surface irrigation practices in unleveled bunded units
normally result in over irrigation (Corey and Clyma, 1973). This results
in excessive loss of irrigation water through deep percolation and
reduces the application efficiency up to 25% (Sattar et al, 2003).
Conservation agriculture practices coupled with precision land leveling
facilitate uniform water application and reduce deep percolation losses
of water. Precision land leveling is known to enhance water-use
efficiency and consequently water productivity. Precision land leveling
helps even distribution of soluble salts in salt-affected soils (Khan,
1986), increases cultivable land area up to 3-5% (Choudhary et al.
2002; Jat and Chandana, 2004), improves crop establishment, reduces
weed intensity (Rickman, 2002) and results in saving in irrigation
water (Jat et al. 2003; Khattak et al. 1981; Ali et al. 1975).

(h)

Insect, Pest Management & Diseases Management: The first step

in managing insect pests is to identify the insect and determine the
numbers present. Crops should be checked regularly to determine the
extent of an insect infestation and assess the damage it is causing.
Integrated pest management is a system whereby various strategies
are used to protect crops by suppressing the insect population and
limiting damage. These management practices incorporate all practical
methods of pest control in a pest management system. These
measures include chemical control, biological control, plant resistance
and cultivation control.
Diseases and their control: Rice diseases are important yieldlimiting factors. Diseases can be difficult to identify and should be
diagnosed by a suitable plant pathologist or crop specialist. For specific
problems,

effective

disease

management

begins

with

correct

identification of the disease and its cause.

Good management practices can reduce the impact of many diseases.
Many disease organisms survive from crop to crop in infected residue.
Stressed plants are also often more susceptible to diseases, so drought
stress or poor drainage should be avoided.

Balanced fertility can also reduce disease problems, so it is especially

important to complete a soil test, apply adequate potassium and other
elements as recommended, and to avoid excessive nitrogen use.

Sl.
No
1

Quantity of Insecticides to be used for Project Area

Area (ha)
Insecticides (Tons)
1000

3500

Plant protection chemicals would include insecticides, herbicides and

fungicides. In general, insecticides are the most common chemicals
used on rice. However, there is a growing tendency to look at
insecticides as counterproductive. That is most insecticides not only kill
the pest but disproportionally kill the natural enemies of the pest thus
intensifying the infestation. Many of the pests parasitic enemies are
near microscopic wasps that attack the egg masses and thus more
easily killed by broad spectrum insecticides just on a body weight ratio.
The idea is to be patient and allow the natural enemies to develop and
bring the pest under control. It can be a little nerve racking being
patient while watching the insects consume the crop, but eventually
the natural control takes effect. The natural enemies can usually inflect
over 90% control on the eggs and larvae. Insecticides & pesticides will
be used to save rice crops from insects & diseases. This will be done
with the help of Spraying Equipments (both tractor operated & hand
operated).

(i)

Harvesting & Threshing: Rice is harvested and threshed by hand in

most Asian countries. For instance, Indian farmers use hand sickles to
cut both straw and grain about 4- 5 cm above the soil surface. The
hand-threshed rice is sundried, then stored for home consumption.
Upland rice in West Africa is harvested by hand. Individual panicles are
often cut, as in some countries in Asia. Harvesting became much easier,
quicker, and cheaper by combine-harvester compared with manual
harvesting. The average reduction in harvesting costs was 30% (range:
17-65%). Self-Propelled and Tractor Drawn Vertical Conveyer Reapers
are commercially available for harvesting of Rice & wheat crops.

Harvesting of the paddy crops shall be done either by Vertical Conveyer

Reapers or by self-propelled combine harvesters.
Self-Propelled Combine Harvester
(j)

Paddy, Transportation & Storage: Paddy will be transported from

the field to paddy storage warehouses (in close proximity of the paddy
processing plant) by using tractor driven trailers.
Paddy Storage: Paddy will be stored in ware house made out of prefabricated building with area of 6500 sq. m.

CHAPTER 4
TUBE WELL IRRIGATION SYSTEM

4. TUBE WELL IRRIGATION SYSTEM

It is proposed to follow rice-rice cycle in the project area. The period for the
cultivation of first rice crop is from the beginning of April to the end of September
and for the second rice crop, the period is from beginning of October to the end
of January. The most of the water requirement of the first rice crop shall be met
through precipitation/rainfall and any shortfall shall be compensated through
Tube well / Bore well Irrigation.
The water requirement for the second rice crop shall mainly be met from the
ground water through the Tube wells / Bore wells installed in the project area. The

salient features of the Tube wells / Bore wells Irrigation Scheme are given
hereunder:
The requirement of total quantity of water for the two rice crops season is

2400 ha.m.
The total irrigated area is 955ha
One Tube well / Bore well of capacity 0.1178 cumecs or 120 Liters per
second, with 100mm diameter pipe shall provide irrigation facility to each

8ha area which will meet the water requirement of the rice crop.
Total No of Tube wells /. Bore well provided are 130
One Diesel Generating Set of 100 KW capacity shall be provided to supply

power to one set of 10 Nos motors of Tube wells / Bore wells.

Total no. of Diesel Generating Sets of 100 KW proposed are 15
The Tube wells / Bore wells Irrigation System shall be designed for 8 ha
area of Plot size 400m x 200m at the micro-level. These parameters shall
be applied to the entire project area at the macro-level.

A Layout Plan showing the main components of the Tube wells / Bore Well
Irrigation System like Pump House, Irrigation Field Channels, Generator Room and
Farm Road Network for 8ha. Plot size is shown in Figure.

200 m

400 m
Tubewell / Borewell with Pump House
Main Farm Land
Lateral Farm Road for Pump House
8ha Plot Boundaries
Irrigation Field Channels
Generator Room

Fig: Details of various components of Tubewell / Borewell Irrigation System

4.1.

LAND USE DETAILS

The 1000 ha area shall be utilized to carryout various agriculture and nonagriculture activities. The non-agriculture activities are necessarily required for
the development of agriculture infrastructure. The land use break-up along with
functional details is given hereunder:
S.
No
1
2

Land use Purpose

For

Agriculture

Activities
For Non-agriculture
purpose

Functional Details
Demonstratuion

Rice Cultivation
Nursery
Generator
Room
Pump

Room

for

45
for

and Farm Road Network,

Rice Processing Plant,
Warehouse for storing

fertilizers

(ha)
955

and

Tubewell / Borewell,
Irrigation Field Channels

seeds,

4.2.

Farm

Area

and

pesticides
Field Workshop

TOPOGRAPHY

The topography of the project area is generally flat and suitable for rice
cultivation with proper land drainage arrangement. Before the start of rice
cultivation in the Demonstration Farm, land leveling work is required to be carried
out to facilitate the standing water cover essential for rice cultivation.

4.3.

SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA

The soils in the Block No. 10 & 11 and Block No. 15 area are alluvial Flood Plain
type. The area is well drained. The soil contains high clay content and is
expansive / swelling type. These soils are suitable for rice cultivation with proper
drainage arrangement. Organic content in the soil is low (1%) and its water
holding capacity is between 125-150mm per meter.

4.4.

SOURCE OF WATER FOR AGRICULTURE

The ground water shall be used for the rice cultivation in these blocks. Since the
rice is an aquatic crop, dependable and sustainable water supply is essentially
needed at its various development phases. The depth of the water table was
observed to be between 4 to 5 meters below the ground level. The ground water
is suitable for human consumption.

4.5.
REQUIREMENT OF TUBEWELLS / BOREWELLS FOR
RICE CULTIVATION
It is proposed to construct one Tubewell/Borewell of capacity 0.1178 cumecs. Or
120 Liter per Second, with 100mm diameter pipe, per 8 ha. Unit area, to meet
with the water requirement of the rice crop. Accordingly, No. of Tubewells /
Borewells shall be constructed to ensure a reliable and sustainable supply of
water for the rice crop. The details of the Tubewells/Borewells proposed to be
constructed to meet with the irrigation and non-irrigation water requirement is
given hereunder:

S.No

NO OF TUBE WELLS REQUIRED IN PROJECT AREA

Details
Area
No. of Tube wells / Borewells
Function Standby
Total
(ha)
al
Farm Land
1000
126
4
130

4.6.

IRRIGATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENT DETAILS

The various components of the Tubewell / Borewell Irrigation System needed to

tap the ground water for rice cultivation in the Project area, are given hereunder:

Tubewells / Borewells with pumps and motors.

Diesel Generating Sets with accessories like cablesetc. to supply power to

the motors of Tubewells / Borewells.

Diesel Generator Room,
Field Irrigation Channel Network along with Control Structures.
Farm Road Network.

4.7.

TUBEWELLS / BOREWELLS

The Tubewells/Borewells are the heart of any ground water irrigation system
and should be properly designed. They should also be compatible with the

pumping unit and distribution system to ensure efficiency, long life and economic
operation. The main components of a Tubeweil / Borewell are:

Pump house
Pumping Unit
Casing
Well Screen and Gravel Pack
Delivery Pipes

Pump House with Delivery Arrangement

4.8.

IRRIGATION FIELD CHANNELS NETWORK

After the delivery of water from the Tubewells / Borewells, the water up to the
fields for irrigation shall be carried through a network of the Field Channels. In
view of the soil characteristics in the project area, unlined field channels shall be
provided. Overall length of the unlined Field Channels for the entire project area
shall be about 120 Km.

4.9.

POWER SUPPLY FACILITIES

It is proposed to provide one Diesel Generating Set of 100 KW capacity to supply

power to one set of 10 Nos. motors of Tubewells / Borewells. 15 No. Diesel
Generating Sets are required as per the details given below:

S.No
.
1
2

No. of Diesel Generating Sets Required

Purpose
No. of Diesel
Generating Sets
required
For Operation of 130 Nos. Tubewells /
13
Borewells for irrigation
Stand by Units
2
Total
15

4.10.

ROAD NETWORK

Farm Road Network is essentially required for the transportation of various

materials like diesel, seeds, fertilizers etc. in the Project area. The Farm Road
Network shall consist of main Farm Roads running across the Project area which
shall be connected with the other roads already constructed in the vicinity of the
Project area.
The Pump House for Tubewells/Borewells, Generator Room etc. have been
proposed to be constructing on either side of the Main Farm Road. The lateral
roads have also been proposed to provide connectivity for the above mentioned
facilities with the Main Farm Road. About 30 Km of the Main Farm Road along with
Culverts at suitable locations shall also be provided to facilitate flow of water
between different blocks. The details of the Farm Road Network are given
hereunder:
S.No
1
2

Item
Main Farm Road
Lateral Farm Road

Length (in Km)

30
25

General Layout for Generator Room and Pump House

3m

Lateral Farm Road

Pump
House
5m

4m

4.11.

Generator Room

Main Farm Land

3m

LAND PREPARATION FOR IRRIGARTION

In this Rice Scheme, one Tubeweil / Borewell with discharge capacity of 0.1178
cubic meters per second or 120 liter per second has been proposed per 8 ha. plot
of size 400 x 200m. The stream size of this quantum of water is sufficient to
irrigate a small portion of 8 ha. Plot. Accordingly, Border Irrigation method, being
the most suitable and effective method of irrigation, is proposed. In the Border
method of irrigation, the entire area is further sub divided into smaller Plots so
that entire stream of water supplies water to one unit at a given point of time.
Accordingly, from better irrigation and other technical considerations, the Border
method of irrigation with Sub-Plot size 5m x 50m is proposed.

4.12.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The assessment of soil characteristics and topographic details are essentially

required for the design of Tubewells / Borewells in the Project area. This data shall
also be used for working out the land leveling details. A suitable Drainage System
for the Project area shall be suggested after the proper assessment of various soil
parameters and other relevant details.

CHAPTER 5
FARM MECHANIZATION

5. FARM MECHANIZATION
5.1.

INTRODUCTION

Presently, the use of tractors is isolated and does not significantly contribute to
agricultural production. Current statistics put the level of use of tractors at less
than 0.1% only. Most of the field operations are carried out by human labor. Use
of hand tools accounts for 98.5% of all land tilled in the area. Soil loosening and
creation of fine tilt is accomplished with the help of hand hoe or pick along with
making of ridges and sowing/planting (establishment). The intercultural operation
for eradicating of weeds are accomplished with hand hoe. Even, the harvesting of
different crops is done primarily with the help of sickle and digging of root corps
is done by hoe.

5.2.

SELECTION OF TRACTORS

Based on norms of minimum hp requirements per unit area, cropping intensity,

type of field operation performed, machinery used the criterion for selection of
tractors is as under:
Tractors Selected and Operations Performed by them
Tractor
Annual
Operations Performed
HP
Use
(hrs)
80hp
1000
Primary tillage (deep ploughing), Rotavator, Very
Heavy Machinery (Hydraulic disc harrow), Potato
75hp

1000

Planting
Secondary tillage Rotavator, Harrow, Potato
Planter, Post hole digger, Threshing, Planking,
sowing,

interculture,

Transporting

spraying,

Harvesting,

5.3.

TRACTORS FOR MECHANIZATION

Mechanization of rice crop under the Project Area has been selected for
mechanization with Tractors & allied machinery. Based on norms of minimum hp
requirements per unit area, cropping intensity, rice crop recommended, type of
field operation performed, machinery used, number of tractors has be selected.
For raising double crops of rice per year in the Project area, the categories of
Tractors operated as well as self-propelled package of machinery is given
hereunder:
-

Tillage
Sowing / Planting & Transplanting
Plant Protection
Harvesting & Threshing
Transportation

S.No
1
2

5.4.

Total Number of Tractors required for 1000ha

Tractor Size
No of Tractors
80 hp 4WD
30
75 hp 2WD
20
Total
50

SELECTION OF FARM MACHINERY

The proposed Tractors and allied machinery would be supplied in two different
lots. For effective implementation of mechanization pragramme, inputs support in
the areas of improved seeds, fertilizers, weedicide & insecticides, fuels &
lubricants for operation of Tractors & self-propelled machines required for
mechanization of rice crops needs to be provided in the project for five years.
Tentative quantity & cost of fuel & lubricants to be used in the tractors, and selfpropelled machined at 80% utilization during five years of project implementation
period.
For the recommended rice crop and two crops per year in the project area the
operation wise farm machinery package identified and proposed is as furnished
below.

Tillage Implements

Name of
Equipment
Primary Tillage:
Disc Plough

TD Sub Soiler

Secondary Tillage:

Picture

Description

Disc plough is also primary

tillage equipment which
consists of a series of
individually
mounted,
inclined disc blades on a
frame. It is most suitable
for conditions for which M.B
Plough does not work
satisfactorily i.e. sticky,
waxy, non-scouring soils or
soil having hard pen, dry
hard, stony, rooty grounds
and deep ploughing etc.
Diameter of disc ranges
between 60- 80 cm. 2bottoms for medium size
and 3-bottom plough for 60
hp available.
Sub-soiler is used where
land is not cultivated from
many years. It is used to
break the hard pan. It
breaks the subsoil. It takes
depth up to 60 cm. it
consists of a beam made of
high carbon steel, beam
supports which are flanged
at upper and lower edges
for rigidity, hollow still
adaptor welded to bottom
end of the beam to
accommodate the share
base. Power Requirement
(hp/kW)
55/41.25
and
above

Rotavator

TD hydraulic
type Disc
Harrow

It is excellent secondary
tillage
implement
specifically designed for
wet
land
cultivation
(puddling) in paddy crop. It
provides
conditions
conducive to growth of
paddy. It is also effectively
used for dry cultivation of
seed bed. It cuts the trash
and crop residue to fine
pieces and buries them into
soil. Only 1-2 operations
with rotavator can make a
very fine seed bed suitable
for effective planting of
crops. It is available 1.01.75 m size matching to
different sizes of tractor.
It is secondary tillage
implement that cuts the
soil for smoothening and
pulverizing soil as well as
cuts the weeds and mix
with soil. It is used to break
the clods after ploughing.
These are either mounted
or trailed type machines.
Hydraulic type disc harrows
are larger in size and have
better penetration in the
soil.

Cultivator

TD Leveler

TD Laser
Leveler

It is an implement for
tillage and inter cultivation
with laterally adjustable
tines to work between crop
rows. It destroys weeds;
aerate the soil for proper
growth of crop. It consists
of steel frame and rigid
tynes to which sweeps or
shovels are attached. 9, 11,
13 tynes cultivators are
available as per sizes of
tractor.
It is tractor drawn heavy
duty land leveler with
cutting blade width of 600
mm. The size of plate blade
is 10x70 mm with thickness
of 10 mm. It is used for
rough
leveling
of
undulating land. Weight of
2440 mm size leveler is
168 kg approximately.
The laser leveler involves
the
use
of
laser
(transmitter), that emits a
rapidly
rotating
beam;
which is picked up by a
sensor
(receiving
unit)
fitted to a tractor towards
the scraper unit. The signal
received is converted into
cut and fill level adjustment
and
the
corresponding
changes in the scraper
level
are
carried
out
automatically
by
a
hydraulic control system.
The drag bucket can be
either
3-point
linkage
mounted on or pulled by a
tractor. Bucket dimensions
and capacity vary from 2 m
width to 5.5 m width
according to the available
power

Cage Wheels

Full/ Half Tractor Cage

Wheel
,
sturdy
in
construction made by using
heavy-duty angle, iron and
steel to ensure optimum
performance
for
longer
period of time. The Cage
Wheel is mainly designed
for softening the mud for
the
purpose
of
rice
cultivation. The Cage Wheel
is offered in half as well as
full cage design that makes
it suitable for fitting on all
types of tractors.
It is a 35 hp or above
tractor drawn equipment to
break the soil clods near
saturation level in to soil
particle in order to prepare
a uniform puddle It or
mechanized
paddy
transplanting. It is also
provided with cage wheel
for
higher
puddling
performance

TD Puddler

Sowing and Transplanting Operation:

Name of
Equipment
Sowing Machines:
Seed-cumfertilizer drill

Picture

Description

It is a multicrop seed-cumfertilizer drill for sowing of

wheat, oil seeds, pulses,
sorghum, and millet crops.
These are available in
9/11 rows size as per size
of tractors. Both fertilizer
and seeds at proper depth
are sown simultaneously.
It helps timely sowing and
results in saving of inputs
and 20-25% increase in
crop yields.

Paddy Seeder
(Drum type)

Self-Propelled Transplanting Machines:

Self-Propelled
paddy
transplanter

Walking type
self-propelled
paddy
transplanter

Drum type paddy Seeder

can be used both for dry
land and wetland seeding.
It is easy to operate and
maintain. It is made of
lightweight tubing and
polyethylene plastic. Rice
grains are seeded in
straight
rows.
Hence,
mechanical weeding can
be done between rows. It
can
be
adjusted
so
farmers can opt to seed
20, 40, and 60 kg/ha seed
rate
with
simple
adjustment. Farmers can
save
50-80%
seeds
compared with broadcast
seeding.
8-row, self-propelled type machine
fitted with 3.23 kW diesel engine.
Uses mat type nursery of 20-30
days old. Planting depth: 30-50
mm in 10- 15 mm standing water
depth. Row spacing:
238
mm, Number of

Seedlings/hill: 2-4, Field

capacity: 0.15-0.20 ha/h,
Labor requirement: 26
man-h/ha.
Fuel
consumption: 0.4 l/h.
It consists of prime mover,
transmission,
engine,
float,
lugged
wheels,
seedling tray, seedling
tray shifter, pickup fork
and pickup fork cleaner. It
is a walk behind type rice
transplanter using mat
type
nursery
and
it
transplants the seedling
uniformly. The planting
depth
and
hill-to-hill
spacing can be adjusted.
Automatic depth control.

Manually
operated
paddy
transplanter

Six
rows
IRRI
type
manually
operated
machine for transplanting
of 20-30 days old mattype nursery of paddy.
Row to row spacing:
200mm, operating speed:
0.5-0.7 km/h. Machine
capacity: 0.3-0.4 ha/day.
Average
number
of
seedlings/hill:
2-5,
Labor
Requirement: 40-45 manh/ha.

Plant Protection Equipments

Name of
Equipment
Fertilizer Application:
TD Fertilizer
Spreader

Picture

Manual
Fertilizer
applicator

Plant Protection Equipment:

Description

Multipurposemachine
for
Broadcasting
fertilizer
&
seeds with accuracy. It can
be used for application of
granular
insecticides
&
herbicides
Hopper capacity: 300 kg
Tractor PTO speed 540
rpm
Manually
operated
front
mounted
broadcaster.
Fertilizer
metering
mechanism with adjustable
opening. Hopper capacity is
10 kg. Diameter of rotating
disc: 270mm. Suitable for all
crops. Width of coverage:
6300 mm.
Operating speed:2.0 km/h.
Field capacity: 0.8ha/h. Cost
of machine:

Hand Rotary
duster

Knap-sack
powder
sprayer &
duster (Mist
blower)

Knap-sack
sprayer

TD Jet
Sprayer

Hand operated gear drive,

front mounted requires one
person. Suitable for dusting
powder & granules. Hopper
capacity is 6-8kg or 7000 cu.
cm. Speed of operation is
35-40 rpm. Air delivery, 0.31.5
m
cube/min.
Field
capacity is 0.4-0.6 ha/day.
Flexible hose pipe used as
delivery pipe. Weight of
duster is 7.5 kg.
Shoulder mounted knapsack
sprayer-cum-duster
with
1.25 (0.82) hp (kW). Petrol
engine. Steel tubular frame
with cushion. Tank capacity,
0.0115 m3 (11.5 Liters). Fan
type rotating with flow rate
regulating
nozzle.
Air
velocity is 76 m/s. Range of
spray: Liquids: 10 m, dusts:
16.0 m. Weight of machine s
about 10.2 kg
Compact back pack type
sprayer requires one person
to operate. Suitable for all
field crops. Tank capacity is
16 liters. Plunger barrel type
pump
with
pressure
chamber capacity 750 ml &
50
strokes/min.
Nozzle
discharge of 450-800 ml/min
, Goose neck type spray
lance fitted with double
action fine spray nozzle
Tank Capacity
:
600
Litters,
Horizontal
Agro
Chemical Double Layer Tank,
Weight ; 30 kg
Frame : Made with M.S
bars, Weight 120 kg
Drive : Drive by PTO Shaft,
Adjustable Pump: Triple
piston, 50 l/min discharge,
Three valve, 1200- 1400
rpm required Pipe Real :
Auto winding Pipe Real

System, Capacity up to 400

meter pipe
RPM : 1200 rpm require
Accessories : Two High jet
Guns with Different range,
35 feet and 50 feet

Harvesting & Threshing Machine

Name of
Equipment
Dusting Equipment
TD Vertical
Conveyor
Reaper

Self-Propelled
Vertical
Conveyer
Reaper

Picture

Description

Tractor
front
mounted
vertical Conveyer reaper
with
conventional
reciprocating type cutter bar
for harvesting wheat, paddy
crops. Width of machine:
220 mm, Cutter bar speed:
600rpm, Weight of machine:
165 kg, Forward speed of
machine: 2.16-3.0 km/hr,
Field capacity: 0.30-0.40
ha/h. Fuel consumption: 4.0
-4.8 l/h. Requires 25-35 hp
tractor to operate. Labor
requirements: 2.5-3.5 h/ha
skilled labor & 40-45 manh/ha for collection of cut
crop. Cost of reaper.
Self-propelled type vertical
conveyer reaper fitted with
6 hp diesel engine. Width of
machine: 1170 mm, Suitable
for harvesting paddy &
wheat
crops.
Operating
speed:
3.04.0
km/h,
Effective
field
capacity:
0.15-0.25
ha/h,
Fuel
consumption: 0.
6-0.8 l/h,
Weight of machine: 160 kg,
Total harvesting losses: 2.05.0%

Improved
Sickle

Improved sickle made of

high carbon steel blade
fitted with wooden handle
through a 12mm U- shaped
strip and two rivets. Weight
of sickle is 250 gm. Actual
field capacity of tool: 0.01
ha/h.
Self-propelled type combine
with 110 hp diesel engine
used for harvesting paddy &
wheat
crops.
Hydraulic
control, optimized threshing
&
cleaning
mechanism,
hydraulic steering. Pro knife
type cutter bar of 3462 mm
width with minimum losses.
High capacity axial flow type
paddy thresher operated by
20-35 hp tractor or 20-25 hp
diesel engine suitable for
threshing of paddy crop.
Mounted
on
pneumatic
wheels for transportation.
Two blowers are provided to
get cleaner paddy. It has ft.
long threshing drum. It can
thresh 6-7 acres of paddy
crop in one day. Number of
labors required: 6-7.

Self-Propelled
combine
Harvester

Paddy
Thresher

Farm Transport
Name of
Equipment
Trailers
Tractor Trailer
(4-wheel)

Picture

Description

Hydraulic
type
8
ton
capacity, 4- wheel (9.00 x16
size standard tires), Heavy
duty frame & structured
framework, super steel hub
& taper roller bearings.
Reliable
&
heavy
duty
hydraulic cylinder (10 ton
capacity heavy duty double
stage) suitable for varying
work conditions. Durable

hitch forging transportation

hitch. Axles of 75-100 mm
size are fitted to 8-10 tones
capacity.

CHAPTER 6
TRACTOR & IMPLEMENT WORKSHOP

6. TRACTOR & IMPLEMENT WORKSHOP

The purpose of farm workshop is to provide servicing and maintenance facilities
to large number of tractors, implements and farm machines for trouble free
operation and to respond to the calls of tractor operators to attend to the faults in
tractors and machinery so that the crops dont suffer for want of farm machinery.
The proposed Workshop shall have following facilities so that it is able to provide
some repairs and maintenance in the fields also. A Workshop building of about
300 sqm plan area with one office, spare part store and shed for servicing and
maintenance jobs.
The land for the Workshop building is to be provided by the Ministry in the
project command area. The centrally located Workshop shall provide servicing
& maintenance services to all the users. It will also be used in imparting
trainings to the tractor operators, farm mechanics and farmers.
Equipments like Lathe machine, Power hack saw machine, Generating set,
Electric & Gas Welding Sets, Air Compressor, Drilling machines, Bench grinder,
Hand grinder, die and tap sets, chain pulley blocks, spanner sets, adjustable
wrenches, pipe bending machines, battery charger, Grease guns as per the
requirements will be provided.
It is proposed to provide one pickup vehicle, so that the service staff can
attend to repair work of tractors and machinery without any loss of time. One
5 ton capacity truck with provision of hoist/crane and essential tools is
proposed to be kept for shifting of tractor or heavy machines to the workshop
in case on site repair is not possible.
Essential spares for replacement of damaged/worn out parts spares, bearings,
oil & fuel filters, bearings, tires, tubes for tractors, trailers, grease & oils, seals,
nuts & bolts etc. For preventive repair & maintenance of tractors & farm
machinery @ 1.5% of Cost of tractors & machinery per year would be required
in the workshop.

It is proposed to set up two Workshops (Tractors & Machinery) and implement

sheds at suitable places for repairs and maintenance of Tractors and farm
machinery for trouble free operation and to respond to the calls of farmers to
attend to the faults in the Tractors and machinery so that the crops dont suffer
for want of farm machinery. Tractor sheds areas of about 250 m 2 would also be
provided in each workshop for parking of Tractors/ power tillers received for
servicing and maintenance work. Equipments like Lathe machine, Power hack
saw machine, Generating Set, Electric & Gas Welding Sets, Air Compressor,
Drilling Machines, die and tap sets, chain pulley blocks, spanner sets, adjustable
wrenches, pipe bending machines, battery charger, Grease guns as per the
requirements will be provided. Separate Generator Rooms will be provided in
each workshop.

Tentative Plan of Proposed Workshop Building

5m

15m

10m

5m

5m

15m

CHAPTER 7
MODERN RICE MILLING UNITS

7. MODERN RICE MILLING UNITS

Rice is the staple food which has the largest consumed calorie source among the
food grains. This provides us with ample opportunity for development of rice
based value-added products for earning more foreign exchange. Apart from rice
milling, processing of rice bran for oil extraction is also an important agro
processing activity for value addition, income and employment generation
Modern rice mills are having high capacity and are capital intensive. Further over
the years there has been a steady growth of improved rice mills, most of these
have capacities ranging from 2 tones /hr to 10 tones/ hr.

7.1.

RICE MILLING OPERATION

Paddy in its raw form cannot be consumed by human beings, it needs to be

suitably processed for obtaining rice. Rice milling is the process, which helps in
removal of hulls and barns from paddy grains to produce polished rice. Rice forms
the basic primary processed product obtained from paddy and this is further
processed for obtaining various secondary and tertiary products. The improved
rice mills have a better husk and rice bran aspiration system. The same prevents
mixing of fine broken with rice bran.
Therefore, the quality of rice bran obtained is better. The recovery percent of
whole grains in modern rice mills using rubber roll shellers for dehusking
operation is around 62-64%. The whole grain recovery percent further increases
to 66-68% in case of milling of parboiled paddy. Thus it can be seen that there is
an overall improvement of recovery of whole grains by about 10-14% if one uses
rubber roll shellers for rice milling operations. The conversion ratio (i.e. recovery
% of various final product and byproduct for every 100 kg feed of raw paddy) for
these improved rice mills are can be as follows:

Percent of milled Rice: 62-68%

Percent of rice Bran; 4-5%
Percent of rice Husk: 20 - 25%

Percent of germ Wastages: 2%-8%

The basic rice milling processes consist of:

I)

Pre Cleaning: Removing all impurities and unfilled grains from paddy

II) De-stoning: Separating small stones from paddy

III) Parboiling

(Optional): Helps in improving the nutritional quality by

gelatinization of starch inside the rice grain. It improves the milling

recovery percent during deshelling and polishing / whitening operation
IV) Husking: Removing husk from paddy
V) Husk Aspiration: Separating the husk from brown rice/

unhusked

paddy
VI) Paddy Separation: Separating the unhusked paddy from brown rice

Whitening: Removing all or part of the bran layer and germ from

VII)

brown rice
Polishing: Improving the appearance of milled rice by removing the

VIII)

remaining bran particles and by polishing the exterior of the milled kernel
IX) Length Grading: Separating small and large broken from head rice
X) Blending: Mixing head rice with predetermined amount of broken, as

required by the customer

XI) Weighing and bagging: Preparing the milled rice for transport to the

customer

7.2.

INSTALLED CAPACITY OF RICE MILL

Adoption of improved harvest process in rice (modern rice mills) for value
addition to rice produced for higher income generation and rural employment is
required in this Rice Scheme. The details of appropriate warehouse storage
capacities have been identifies for the project area as per details given
hereunder:
Sl.
No.
1

Particulars of Rice Mills

Proposed

Installed

Processing

Details
6MT/hr, Single shift/day of 8

Capacity, MT/hr.
2

Annual

Operation

3
4
5

days
Land Requirements
Building Area (m2)
Power requirements

hrs
durations,

14,400 MT/annum)
300
3.0ha
2100 sq. m
2 Nos DG Sets of 500 KVA and
2 Nos DG Sets of 250 KVA are

Water Requirements

proposed for Modern Rice Mill.

Water
for
parboiling
&
domestic consumption shall be
supplied through the Tubewells
/Borewells

7.3.

FLOW CHART OF UNIT OPERATION IN RICE MILL

7.4.
BUILDING & MACHINERY

PLANT

Building requirements / Civil Works

The various construction requirements for the rice milling units are as follows:
(a) Raw paddy godowns cleaning unit
(b) Drier and necessary supporting structures such as, boiler /blower system
etc.
(c) Parboiling unit
(d) Milling section
(e) Finished product stores
(f) Machine rooms
(g) Auxiliary structures such as office watch and ward etc.

Plant Machinery
The details of plant and machinery and their use for the rice milling unit are as
follows:
I)

PADDY CLEANER - Raw paddy cleaner cum aspirator consisting of large

aspiration of desired suction width fitted with double fans with necessary
damper controls. The precleaner is also provided with a magnetic
separator for removing iron particles (for avoiding damage to other
machines in the rice mill) feed hopper and other accessories viz. bearings,
block sockets, shafting pulley, holding bolt etc.

II) PADDY SEPARATORS - Paddy Separator for separating undeshelled

paddy from deshelled paddy.

III) BLOWERS, HUSK AND BARN ASPIRATORS - Blowers, husk and barn

aspirators for aspiration of light particles, separating husks from dehusked

kernels and for separating bran from milled rice.
IV) PADDY POLISHERS - 3 nos. of cone type paddy polishers of suitable capacity for

polishing and whitening rice grains to the desired degree

V) RICE GRADER/ ASPIRATOR - Rice grader/ aspirator for purification and

grading of polished rice grains and for separation of the fine broken, coarse
broken from whole rice
VI) BUCKET

ELEVATORS

Bucket

elevators

for

bulk

transport

and

conveyance of raw paddy, milled rice from 1 unit operation to another in a

rice milling unit

Utilities
Power: The total power requirement for the project will to the tune of 75 KW, The
essential power requirement of the unit is about 90 HP and accordingly suitable
diesel generating set (250 KVA) provision is made.
Water: Water is required for parboiling and domestic consumption purpose.
Suitable arrangements for continues water supply of desired quality and quantity
should be ensured while appraising the proposal.

CHAPTER 8
TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING

8. TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING

In the Traditional rain fed farming sector, hand cultivation is being done in the
small landholdings by the farmers near their households. It is proposed to
introduce mechanized farming in a very large scale in the entire country.
Presently, the stress is to introduce Mechanized Farming in the Agriculture sector
so as to increase the production of food grains in the country and reduce
dependency on the imports. The vast gap of parameters between the Traditional
Farming and Mechanized Farming is to be met through the Capacity Building of
the persons at various levels along with training. Accordingly, a Training Center is
required to be established. The objectives of proposed Training Center are:

Capacity Building of the manpower in the agriculture sector

To introduce latest crop management techniques to increase agriculture

production in the country

To introduce mechanized farming to bring more area under cultivation Value

addition to the skills of the existing manpower

To introduce latest water management techniques in the country

8.1.

DETAILS OF TRAINING AREAS

The Details of the training areas in which the training shall be imparted in the
training center are given here under:1. Rice Cultivation:-

The details of the area of training under Rice Cultivation are:

Land Preparation

Rice Planting Methods

Soil and Water Management

Nutrient Management

Pest Management

Post Production Management

2. Farm Mechanization & Value Addition

The scope of the training service shall be to provide:

Training to farmer for safe and efficient use of tractors along with allied
machines used in mechanized agriculture.

Training to tractor drivers for proper operation & adjustment of tractors and
allied farm machinery.

Training to Farm Mechanics for proper repair & maintenance of tractors &
farm implements.

Training in Operation and Maintenance of Rice Processing Plants.

8.2.
TRAINING CENTER COMPLEX AND TRAINING
PROGRAM DETAILS
There is a vast gap between the approach and output of Traditional Farming and
Mechanized Farming in the country. To bridge this gap a systemized Capacity
Building Program for the persons engaged on agricultural activities needs to be
taken up at various levels to impart training and coaching to them. Accordingly, a
Training Center is required to be established with the following activities:

To introduce latest crop management techniques to increase agriculture

production in the country

To introduce latest water management techniques in the country
To introduce mechanized farming to bring more area under cultivation
Value addition to the skills of the existing manpower
Capacity Building of the manpower in the agriculture sector

This Training Center with 4000 Sq.m area shall have various facilities so to act as
a center of excellence at the national level. Different Training programs on the
rice cultivation techniques, operation and maintenance of farm machinery /
implements and rice processing plant shall be organized for the farmers,
operators/ mechanics. Similarly, training programmes for the officers/officials of
the Agriculture/ Irrigation/ Extension Department shall also be organized in the
Training Center. Special Short term Training courses of one day duration in Rice
Cultivation Techniques along with water and sanitation topics shall be organized
for women farmers.

The need based overseas and in country training programs on various issues like
rice cultivation techniques, operation and maintenance of tractors and machinery
and Rice Processing Plant are given hereunder:

Details of Training Programs for Rice Cultivation and Mechanized

Farming
Sl.

Training Program Details

No
.
1

Training Program pertaining

to

Rice

Techniques
Training
Operation

Training

Training

23

30

60

12

120

Cultivation
Program

and

Repair

for
of

Tractor and Farm Machinery

Training Program for Farmers
for

Type of Training
Overseas
In Country

Operation

and

Maintenance of Tractors and

4

Farm Machinery
Training
Program

for

Technicians/

for

Mechanics

Operation and Maintenance

of Rice Processing Plants
Total

CHAPTER 7
COST ESTIMATE

9. COST ESTIMATE
The main components of Integrated Rice Cultivation and Processing Project are
given here under:

Introduction of Tubewells / Borewells Irrigation Systems for Rice Cultivation

Introduction of Mechanized Farming for Rice Cultivation
Establishment of Rice Milling Plant
Training Center Complex and Training Programs for Capacity Building

Proposed Complex for Farm Workshop, Rice Mill and Training Center

The works proposed to be executed has been classified under the following sub
head:
For Civil Works:

The rates of items such as earthwork, cement, concrete, brick, sheet metal
and wood work etc. have been adopted as per the rates prevailing in the
country.
Mechanical Works:
The Market rates for the items have been adopted after market analysis in
addition with the transportation charges for their shipment to the destination
country.
Land Levelling Work:
For the rice crop standing water layer over the entire area is essential as such
Land leveling work is very important. Rice Cultivation is properly leveled area
results in considerable saving of water. Accordingly, the Land leveling work is
proposed in the project area. The Land leveling work, being a precise work,
shall be carried out with the help of TD Laser Lavers.
Miscellaneous Works:
Lump Sum (LS) provision has been made keeping in view the nature of works.
The cost of the Development of Tubeweels / Borewells for Rice Cultivation,
Farm Mechanization, Rice Processing Plant, and Training Center Complex
including Training Programme and Miscellaneous Items works out to USD
79,923,129 the breakup of the expenditure is given in Table below:

Estimate of Cost for the Development of Tubewells / Borewells for

Rice Cultivation alongwith Farm Mechanization and Rice
Processing Plant
Sl.
No

Description

Development of Tubewells / Borewells Irrigation

System for Rice Cultivation

Mechanized Farming for Rice Cultivation

Cost of Tractors

Cost of Tillage Implements

Cost of Sowing & Transplanting Machinery

Cost of Plant Protection Machinery

Cost of Harvesting & Threshing Machines

Cost of Farm Transportation Trailers

Cost of Operational Inputs

Workshop Facilities for Tractor and Machinery

Modern Rice Milling Units

Buildings & Civil Structures for Parboiling Unit & Shelling
Unit

Amount
(USD)
18,670,4
93

2,465,513
2,653,224
517,876
211,195
1,980,983
798,188
7,691,919

6,603,321

4,761,809

Main Plant & Machinery for Paddy Parboiling Unit

Plant & Machinery and Electrical Requirements for Rice

Shelling Unit

1,293,986

Procurement of Utility Vehicles - Trucks for Transportation

of Rice from the Rice Milling Plants

5,708,519

Training Center Complex & Training Programmes

Training Center Complex

Traning Programmes

Miscellaneous Items like Bituminous Surfaced

Internal Roads etc.
Grand Total

4,570,126

9,402,353
7,331,500

5,262,125
79,923,129

1. Cost Estimate for the Development of Tubewells / Borewells

Irrigation System for Rice Cultivation
SN

Description of Items

Land Preparation and Levelling with

Laser
Levellers
alongwith
proper
Drainage System & Chain Link Fencing
complete in all respects etc
Drilling
and
Installation
of
Tubewells/Borewells complete in all
respects
Procurement of Pumps and motors for
Tubewells/Borewells for 120 liter per
second -Discharge Capacity with all
accessories for Pumps and Motors
complete in all respect
Diesel Generating Set 100 KVA capacity
for operation of Tubewells/Borewells
Motors including 2 stand by Units
complete in all respects

2
3

5
6
7
8

Construction of Pump House Size

3m*3m
Construction of Generator Room Size
5m*4m
Construction of Field Channels
Construction of Gravel
Network with Culverts

Farm

Uni
t
ha

Unit
Rate
3,850

Total
Qnty
955

Nos

12,100

130

1,573,00
0

Nos

3,328

130

432,57
5

Nos

66,000

15

990,00
0

m2

1,073

1170

m2

1,073

260

km

660

120

Road

(a)

Main Farm Roads

km

(b)

Lateral Farm Roads

km

Construction of Ware House for

Fertilizer/Pesticide Storage 2 Nos size
40m x 10.5m

Sq.
m

10

11

Utility Vehicles -

115,50
0
115,50
0
1,073

35
25
840

(i) Toyota - SUV - 4 WD Drive

Nos.

(ii)Toyota Pickup - 4 WD Drive

Nos.

138,60
0
71,500

1,254,82
5
278,85
0
79,20
0
4,042,50
0
2,887,50
0
900,90
0
-

8
2

Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction

Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
Grand Total

Amount in
USD
3,676,75
0

1,108,80
0
143,00
0
1,302,592.
50
18,670,49
3

2. Cost Estimate for Mechanized Farming for Rice Cultivation

A. Cost of Tractors
SN
A.1
A.2
A.3

Description of Items

Uni
t
No.

Unit
Total
Rate
Qnty
Tractor 80 hp
46,75
30
0
Tractor 75 hp
No.
44,55
20
0
Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction
Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
Total (A)

Amount in
USD
1,402,5
00
891,00
0
172,012.
50
2,465,5
13

B. Cost of Tillage Implements

SN

Uni
t

Unit
Rate

Total
Qnty

No.

5,445

30

B.2

Tractor Drawn Tillage

Implements
Heavy duty Disc Plough(4-bottom)
for 80 hp tractor
Heavy duty Disc Plough (3-bottom)

No.

5,005

20

B.3

TD Sub-soiler (2 bottom chieseler)

No.

3,575

30

B.4

No.

30

No.

13,75
0
10,50
0
2,970

No.

2,145

20

B.8

Hydraulic type disc harrow (24 disc)

for 80 hp tractor
Hydraulic type Disc Harrow for 75 hp
tractor
Rigid Tyne Cultivator (11/13 tynes)
for 80 hp tractor
Heavy duty 9-tyne cultivator Spring
tynes
Disc type bund former(double row)

No.

4,015

30

B.9

TD Leveller (8 size)

No.

2,695

55

B.1
0
B.1
1
B.1
2
B.1
3
B.1
4
B.1
5

TD Laser Leveller

No.

20

TD Rotavator (1.75 m)

No.

32,45
0
4,455

TD Puddler

No.

3,795

20

Cage wheels (complete set)

No.

1,375

50

TD wooden plankers

No.

440

50

Back hoe loader with excavator

No.

29,15
0

B.1

B.5
B.6
B.7

Description of Items

No.

20
30

25

Amount in
USD

163,35
0
100,10
0
107,25
0
412,50
0
210,00
0
89,10
0
42,90
0
120,45
0
148,22
5
649,00
0
111,37
5
75,90
0
68,75
0
22,00
0
145,75
0

B.1
6

Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction

Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc

186,574.
30

Total (B)

2,653,2
24

C. Cost of Sowing & Transplanting Machinery

SN
C.1

C.2

C.3

Description of Items

Uni
t

Unit
Rate

Total
Qnty

Tractor operated machinery

Seed-cum-fertilizer drill (9 row)

No,

3,025

20

Seed-cum-fertilizer drill (11 row)

No.

3,245

30

Manual Paddy Seeder (8 row)

No.

908

40

Paddy Transplanting Machines

0
Self propelled rice transplanter (8
No.
9,735
7
row) riding type
Self propelled walking type rice
No.
14,85
7
transplanter
0
Self propelled 8-row Qubota type
No.
22,55
4
rice transplanter
0
Six row IRRI type manual rice
No,
633
40
transplanter
Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction
Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
Total (C)

Amount in
USD
60,50
0
97,35
0
36,30
0
68,14
5
103,95
0
90,20
0
25,30
0
36,130.
60
517,8
76

D. Cost of Plant Protection Machinery

SN

Description of Items

Uni
t
No.

Unit
Rate
2,145

Total
Qnty
20

D.1

TD Fertilizer applicator

D.2

No.

242

55

D.3

Manually operated fertilizer

spreader
Hand rotary duster

No.

275

30

D.4

Knap-sack sprayers

No.

275

50

D.5

Motorized Mist Blower (sprayer-cumduster)

TD Sprayer Get type)

No.

550

25

No.

4,180

25

D.6
D.7

Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction

Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
Total (D)

Amount in
USD
42,90
0
13,31
0
8,25
0
13,75
0
13,75
0
104,50
0
14,734.
50
211,1
95

E. Cost of Harvesting & Threshing Machines

SN

Description of Items

E.1

TD Vertical Conveyer Reapers

E.2

Self Propelled Vertical Conveyer

Reapers
Hand held engine operated crop
cutter
Self Propelled Combine Harvester
for Paddy
Paddy Thresher

E.3
E.4
E.5
E.6

Uni
t
No.

Unit
Rate
4,345

Total
Qnty
10

No.

5,995

10

No.

1,650

15

No.

154,8
25
6,655

10

No.

25

Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction

Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
Total (E)

Amount in
USD
43,45
0
59,95
0
24,75
0
1,548,2
50
166,37
5
138,208.
40
1,980,9
83

F. Cost of Farm Transportation Trailers

SN
F.1
F.2

Description of Items

Uni
t
No.

Unit
Total
Rate
Qnty
Tractor trailer 4-wheels hydraulic
14,85
50
type (8 ton capacity)
0
Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction
Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
Total (F)

Amount in
USD
742,50
0
55,687.
50
798,1
88

G. Cost of of Operational Inputs

SN
G.1

G.2
G.3

Description of Items

Total
Qnty
2,859,2
50

Amount in
USD
5,504,0
56

30% of
fuel
Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction
Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc

1,651,216.
88
536,64
6

Providing operational input like

diesel Fuel for 42 tractor & 36 selfpropelled machines (468500
liters/year)
Lubricants (30% of diesel fuel cost)

Total (G)

Grand Total (A+B+C+D+E+F+G)

Uni
t
Litre
s

Unit
Rate
1.925

LS

LS

7,691,9
19

16,318,8
97

3. Cost Estimate for Workshop Facilities for Tractors & Machinery

SN

Description of Items

Uni
t
m2

Unit
Rate
1,073

Total
Qnty
750

Amount in
USD
804,37
5
42,90
0
742,50
0
135,30
0

Workshop Building

Generator Room

m2

1,073

40

Tractor & Implement Shed

m2

825

900

Providing of 5 ton capacity Truck with

provision of hoist of 2 ton capacity
along with Tools like hydraulic jack,
pliers, spanners, adjustable wrenches
etc.
Providing of two light weight Pickup
vehicle with tools etc for Transport

67,650

71,500

214,50
0

385,55
0

771,10
0

LS

77,11
0

625,00
0

5
6

9
i)

Providing & installation of special tools

for workshop for carrying out repairs/
maintenance of tractors, power tillers
and machinery, like Lathe machine, 125
KVA generating set, Electric welding
set, gas welding set, drilling machine,
Power hack saw machine, bench
grinders,
hand
grinders,
air
compressor,
car
washer,
battery
charger, hydraulic jack, chain pulley,
die & tap sets, pliers, spanner sets, ring
spanners, adjustable wrenches, torque
wrench, socket sets, Calipers, Battery
tester, grease guns
Installation
&
commissioning
of
machinery & equipments in the
workshop @ 10% of equipment cost.

Set

Providing of essential spares for

replacement of damaged/worn out
parts spares, bearings, oil & fuel filters,
bearings, tires, tubes for tractors,
power tillers, trailers, grease & oils,
seals, nuts & bolts etc.
Working capital

yrs

Capacity building & engagement of

technical workshop staff (Workshop
supervisor, Turner, Welder, Mechanics,
Helpers, Truck drivers & unskilled
workers =15 No.)

yrs

LS

10%

125,00
0

0
155,76
0

10

1,557,60
0

ii)

Repair & maintenance of generator,

pickups & truck , workshop machines @
7.5% of cost of machines.

yrs

44,715

10

447,15
0

Fuel & lubricants for generator, pickup

& truck

yrs

72,424

10

724,24
0

Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction

Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc

461,54
6

Grand Total

6,603,3
21

4. Cost Estimate for Modern Rice Milling Units

Criteria :
Installed Capacity : 6MT/hour
Single Shift Duration : 8 hours/day
Annual duration: 300 days
Total Capacity/Annum: 14,400 MT/annum
Land Required: 3ha

A. Buildings & Civil Structures for Parboiling Unit & Shelling Unit
SN
1

Land development in all respects

m2

Unit
Rate
55

Raw Paddy storage silos with handling

and drying system (2000 MT storage
capacity) 4 Nos. of 500 MT Capacity

No.

LS

3
4

Silo (200 MT capacity) for rice milling

Raw Paddy Godown- RCC framed
superstructure with 25 cm thick brick
walls, IPS flooring with damp proof
treatment with 1.62 kg DPC /sq.m of floor
area and base of the side walls, roofing
consisting of ACC sheets affixed with J
hooks, bolts and other accessories to
steel truss made of MS angle of desired
section (25X10.5m)
Cleaning Shed - for pre-cleaning of paddy
Milling shed -RCC framed superstructure
with brick walls, IPS flooring and roofing
consisting of ACC sheets affixed with J
Hooks and nuts to steel trusses made of
MS angle of desired section and strength
bearing capacity.

No.
m2

LS
1072.5

1
262.5

52,25
0
281,53
1

m2
m2

1072.5
1072.5

225
735

241,31
3
788,28
8

4
5

Item

Unit

Total
Qnty
30000

Amount
in USD
1,650,00
0
412,50
0

6
7

Finished product or Milled rice storage

shed
Machine shed - with masonry structure

m2

1072.5

283.5

m2

1072.5

279

with ACC sheet roofing on lean truss

8
A
B
C
D
E
F
9

304,05
4
299,22
8

Auxiliary structures
Office Room
m2
1072.5
36
Labor quarters
m2
1072.5
121
Room for auxiliary machines like blowers/
m2
1072.5
122
generator set etc.
Bore well and water connections
L.S.
Sanitary and plumbing charges
L.S.
Miscellaneous charges
L.S.
Cost
towards
Field
Investigations,
Detailed
Engineering,
Construction Supervision and Quality Control & Training of
Personals etc
Total (A)

38,61
0
129,77
3
130,84
5
35,20
0
22,00
0
44,00
0
332,21
9
4,761,80
9

B. Main Plant & Machinery for Paddy Parboiling Unit

SN

1
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
Vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)

Details of Plant Machinery

Paddy Parboiling Unit (Parboiling, soaking
& steaming)
Stainless steel parboiling 4-tank (6T)
Stainless steel parboiling 6-tank (6T)
Stainless steel parboiling 6-tank (6T)
Stainless steel parboiling 6-tank (6T)
Stainless steel parboiling 6-tank (6T)
Boiler (3T/hr)
Boiler (4T/hr)
Compressor
90-channel Colour Sorting Machines
(5MT/hr)
Automatic
conveying of paddy to all
tanks complete in all respect

Drying Unit

i)
ii)

Stainless steel Oil fired Drier (20MT/hr)

Stainless steel oil fired Driers (30 MT/hr)

iii)

Automatic conveying of paddy to all

driers complete in all respect

3
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)

Rice Milling Plant

Pre-cleaner (6MT/hr) complete with
cyclone, Airlock with 1 hp geared El.
motor
Rubber Roll Sheller/Husker (4 MT/hr)
Pneumatic shelter & husk separator
complete with vibro feeder motor,
Venturi
& blower
Paddy Separator
Paddy Destoner (6 MT/hr)

Unit

Total
Quantit
y
Complete unit for 4 TPH
plant
4
6
6
6
6
Lot
1
1
1
2

Complete unit for 4 TPH

Plant
2
2
Lot

Complete in all
respect for the
unit

Lot
1 set
2
1 set
2
2

Amount
in USD

547,25
0

648,45
0

1,199,55
0

v)
Vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
X)
xi)
xii)
xiii)
xiv)
xv)
xvi)
xvii
)
xviii
)
xix)
xx)
xxi)
xxii
)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Silky
Combined drum siever
Vibro-cleaner with motor
Silky Polisher-2 Nos, 3-screen model
completemotors 30 hp each
Polisher
Rotary flat screen
Length graders
Sizer
Vertical Whiteners (3T)
Bran filter complete with motor(Bran
suction
Cycloneline)
with RAV
High capacity bucket elevators (35 ft) for
continuous flow of material from one
machine to another (Complete in all
respect)
Holding bins (7+7=14)

1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
7
14 each for
shelling unit &
polishing unit
respectively
or
14

Aspiration system with pipe lines

Service platforms for shelling & polishing
units
Flow pipes, segments & hoppers, clamps
Packaging bins
Automatic
weighing
&
packaging
machines (AC-3 phase induction motors
Electricals
for each of the machine, DOL starters,
control panel, internal wiring and
lighting)
Internal electrical and lighting

3
2
2
2
2

Taxes, insurance, transport, Installation &

Commissioning charge

LS

For complete
plant

For complete
plant
12% of Machinery cost
LS

Packaging material
LS
LS
Supply & installation of DG Set of 500
No.
2
KVA capacity (1+ 1 standby = 2 sets
complete)
Utilities
LS
LS
Misc. Fixed Assets
LS
LS
Preliminary & Preoperative Expenses
LS
LS
Contingencies
LS
LS
Margin Money (Operative Capital)
LS
LS
Cost towards Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering,
Construction Supervision and Quality Control & Training of
Personals etc
Total (B)

83,05
0
39,05
0
303,05
0
55,00
0
550,00
0
66,55
0
126,61
0
165,00
0
82,50
0
385,22
0
318,84
6
4,570,12
6

C. Plant & Machinery and Electrical Requirements for Rice Shelling Unit
SN

Item and Description

Amount
in USD

2
3

Providing, installation & commissioning of raw paddy cleaner cum

aspirator consisting of large aspiration of desired suction width
fitted with double fans with necessary damper controls. The precleaner is also provided with a magnetic separator for removing
iron particles (for avoiding damage to other machines in the rice
mill) feed hopper and other accessories viz. bearings, block
sockets, shafting pulley, holding bolt etc,
Providing, installation & commissioning of one rubber roll paddy
sheller
Providing, installation & commissioning of Paddy Separator for
separating under shelled paddy from de-shelled paddy.

Providing, installation & commissioning of Blowers, husk and bam

aspirators for aspiration of light particles, separating husks from
dehusked kernels and for separating bran from milled rice.

3 nos. of cone type paddy polishers of suitable capacity for

polishing and whitening rice grains to the desired degree

Providing, installation & commissioning of Rice grader/ aspirator for

purification and grading of polished rice grains and for separation
of the fine broken, coarse broken from whole rice.

Providing, installation & commissioning of bucket elevators for bulk

transport and conveyance of raw paddy, milled rice from 1 unit
operation to another in a rice milling unit

Providing, installation & commissioning of electrical (AC-3 phase

induction motors for each of the machine, DOL starters, control
panel, internal wiring and lighting)

9
10
11
12
13
14
i)
ii)
iii)
15

Providing, installation & commissioning of Internal electrical and

lighting
Insurance , freight, erection and commissioning charges of plant
machinery & fixtures , steel ladders & platforms @40% of the
subtotal
Packaging material
Miscellaneous fixed assets: for meeting the expenses for office
furniture, fixtures, steel ladders and platforms for cleaning of
machines, fire fighting arrangements etc.
Providing & installation of 250 KVA DG sets (1 + 1 standby = 2
sets)
Working Capital
Unforeseen expenses
Working capital
Preoperative expenses
Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction Supervision
and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
Total (C)

Grand Total (A+B+C)

107,25
0

11,55
0

15,95

0
10,45
0
96,25
0
9,57
0
15,95
0
61,05
0
32,45
0
144,18
8
28,05
0
77,00
0
275,00
0
0
0
0

44,00
192,50
82,50
90,27

8
1,293,986
10,625,
921

5. Cost for Procurement of Utility Vehicles

SN

3
i)

ii)
iii)
4

Item
Cost of Procurement of Utility Vehicles
- Trucks of 15 MT capacity for the
Transportation of Rice from Rice
Milling Plants
Providing of essential spares for
replacement of damaged/worn out
parts spares, bearings, oil & fuel
filters, bearings, tyres and tubes,
seals etc for Trucks power. Preventive
repair & maintenance @ 7.5 % of total
cost of Trucks per year
Working capital
Capacity building & engagement of
Truck drivers & semi-skilled workers
like Helpers = 14 No.) @ 9000 /
month on contract
Providing operational input like Diesel
Fuel for 8 No. Trucks (305,000
liters/yr)

Unit

Unit
Rate

Total
Qnty

No.

93500

654,500

yrs

49087.
5

245,438

Yrs

11880
0

594,000

Ltrs

1.925

15250
00

30% of
fuel
cost
Field
Investigations,
Detailed
Engineering,
Construction
Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
Lubricants (30% of diesel fuel cost)

Grand Total

Ltrs

LS

Amount
in USD

2,935,625
880,688
398269.3
5,708,519

6. Cost of Training Center Complex & Training Programs

A. Estimate for Buildings & Other Facilities
SN

Item

Administrative
Administrative
A.1
training hall,
staff, Canteen,

Unit

Building Complex office, reception room,

Offices for technical
Store, & toilets etc.

Residential Buildings - Reception, 30

A.2 rooms for trainees, Mess, Dining hall
& Toilets etc.
Miscellaneous
fixed
assets;
for
meeting the expenses for office &
Hostel room, Mess & dining hall
A.3
furniture, AV Aids, electrical fittings &
lightings, water supply & plumbing,
fire fighting arrangements etc.
Bituminous Surfaced Internal Roads
Network in the Training Center
A.4
Complex and its connectivity with the
Main Road
A.5

Unit
Rate

Total
Qnty

m2

1072.5

2750

m2

1072.5

1750

LS

LS

L.S

km

LS

LS

858,0
00

82500

165,0
00
178,7
50
1,089,0

Providing & installation of A DG Set of

125 KVA capacity(1+1 standby set)

Amount in
USD
2,949,3
75
1,876,8
75

1,513,8
75

A.6 Working Capital

i)

Fuel & lubricants for DG set

yrs

35750

ii)

Establishment

yrs

217800

iii)

Miscellaneous expenses

yrs

16500

iv)

Utilities (water supply & Ph)

yrs

6600

00
82,50
0
33,00
0

Field
Investigations,
Detailed
Engineering,
Construction
A.7 Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc

655,9
78
9,402,35

Total (A)

B. Cost Estimates for Training Programs

SN
1

Item
Training Programme pertaining
Rice Cultivation Techniques
Overseas Training[1]

Unit

Unit
Rate

Total
Qnty

Amount in
USD

to
No.

55,00
0

330,000

In Country Training*

No,

44,00

43

1,892,000

Training Programme for Operation

and Repair of Tractor and Farm
Machinery

Overseas Training*

No.

In Country Training*

No.

55,00

0
44,00
0

220,000

30

1,320,000

60

2,640,000

Training Programme for Farmers for

Operation
and
Maintenance
of
Tractors and Farm Machinery

Overseas Training*
In Country Training*

No.

44,00
0

Training Programme for Technicians/

Mechanics
for
Operation
and
Maintenance of Rice Processing Plants

Overseas Training*

No.

55,00

110,000

44,00
7
0
Field
Investigations,
Detailed
Engineering,
Construction
Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc
In Country Training*

No.

308,000
511,500

Total (B)
7,331,500
*Cost is inclusive of 35 - 40 % charges for supplies i.e. spare parts, training kits, tools,
seeds, fertilizers and other associated utilities for conducting training programs and
demonstrations.
Grand Total (A+B) for Training Center Complex and Training
Courses

16,733,853

7. Cost Estimate for Miscellaneous Items

SN

Item

Unit

Unit
Rate

Total
Qnty

Bituminous
Surfaced
Internal
Roads Network in the Rice
km
LS
LS
Processing Plants and Storage
area alongwith its connectivity
with the Main Road
Support
Expenses
for
Rice
Cultivation on account of supply of
115500
yrs
3
Fertilizers, Pesticides, Herbicides,
0
Insecticides -(for 3 years)
Field Investigations, Detailed Engineering, Construction
Supervision and Quality Control & Training of Personals etc

Amount
in USD
1,430,00
0

3,465,00
0
367,12
5

Total

5,262,12
5

9.1.

PROJECT FINANCING

The Cost of the proposed project is USD 79,923,129 which shall be arranged
through International Financial institutions

9.2.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

No major negative environmental impact is envisaged at present from the

development of the irrigation & mechanization programme of rice crop. However,
chances of water pollution due to enhanced and more intensive use of agrochemicals in the future especially from pesticides and herbicides can be avoided
by using optimum doses of the appropriate product.

9.3.

INSTITUITIONAL ASPECTS

Following factors have been considered while taking care of institutional aspects:

Comprehensive Rice Cultivation with latest crop and water management

techniques.
Comprehensive Rice Mechanization Practices.
Mobilizing, training, organizing and empowering

mechanics, tractor operators and farmers.

Technology Evaluation, Generation and Up-scaling of best approaches and

technologies.
Strengthening capacity of project implementation facilitators.

9.4.

the

technicians

PROJECT COMPLETION PERIOD

It is proposed to complete the Project in 36 Months, as given below:

A.

Field

visits

by

experts,

survey

and

investigation,

7 Months

preparation of Detailed Engineering Report and its

B.

approval
Tendering Process and award of work to the successful

5 Months

C.
Total

contractor
Completion and commissioning of the Project

24 Months
36
Months

The project work execution can be broadly classified among various activities.
The details of the activities with work details are given hereunder:
Details of the Activities with Work Details
S. No.
1
2
3

Activity No.
Activity No. 1
Activity No. 2
Activity No. 3

Work Details
Preliminary Field Work
Civil Work
Supply
of
Farm
Machinery

4
5
6

Activity No. 4
Activity No. 5
Activity No. 6

Implements
Mechanical Works
Supply of Agricultural Inputs
Setting up of Training Center

&

Details of the Works Proposed to be Carried out Under Each Activity

S. No.

Activity No.

Activity No. 1

Nature of
Work
Preliminary
Field Work

Activity No. 2

Civil Work

Details of Works to be
executed
Topographical Survey
Soil Investigation Work
Detailed Engineering
Preparation of Detailed Project
Report
Land Preparation
Levelling
The
Civil

Works

with
for

Land
the

Construction of Pump Houses

fir the Tubewells / Borewells
Generator Rooms
Main and Lateral Farm roads with
Culverts
Bituminous Roads

Activity No. 3

Activity No. 4

Rice Milling Plant

Storage Warehouses
Workshop
Training Center Complex
Other Miscellaneous Works
(a) Supply of
Tractors
Farm Machinery Tillage Implements
Sowing & Transplanting Machines
& Implements Plant Protection Machinery
(b) Supply of
Harvesting & Threshing Machines
Farm Transportation Trailers
Machinery &
For setting up of two Rice
Equipment for
Processing Plant of 4MT/hr and
Rice Processing
2MT/hr capacity
Plant
Mechanical
Workshop Facilities for Farm
Works

Activity No. 5

Supply of
Agricultural
Inputs

Activity No. 6

Capacity
Building and
Value Addition
Training
Programmes

Machinery and Implements

Setting up of the Rice Processing
Plant
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Herbicides
Insecticides
For Rice Cultivation Techniques
For Operation & Maintenance of
Tractor and Farm Machinery for
Operators / Mechanics
For Operation & Maintenance of
Tractor and Farm Machinery for
Farmers
For Operating & Maintenance of
Rice

Processing

Plants

Technicians / Mechanics.

for