IPA, 2006 - 4th Annual Convention Proceedings, 1975

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PROCEEDINGS 1NDONESI.AN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION

Fourth Annual Convention, June 1975

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CONTRIBUTION TO THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE JIWO HILLS

AND THEIR SOUTHERN SURROUNDINGS (CENTRAL JAVA)
SUMARSO *)
TUTTY S
IMOYOWAI
*I

ABSTRACT In, the Jiwo Hills area Tertiary strata

ranging in age from Middle Eocene lie upon outcropping pretertiary metamorphic basement.
A well exposed sequence ranging up to Middle
Miocene was studied and a good stratigraphic subdivision obtained, mainly by utilising the planktonic
foraminifera.
An Eocene sedimentary sequence of late Ta (earlymiddle Eocene) and Tb (middle late Eocene) is
followed by a period without sedimentation but
with volcanicity (probably late Oligocene to early most Miocene). Sedimentation however resumed to
the South in late Oligocene (N2) and is continuous
probably up to early mid Miocene (N9). A period
of tectonism intervenes such that all older units are
overlain angularly by later mid Miocene sediments
(N12). No younger strata occur in the immediate
area.

INTRODUCTION
The Jiwo Hills area is situated east of Jogyakarta in Central Java (Fig. 1). It is one of the
unique areas of Java, together with Lokuloh
(Central lava) and Ciletuh (SW-Java), where
the metamorphic basement is exposed (Fig. 2).
Furthermore the hills form one of the classic
localities for Eocene larger Foraminifera.
The first geologic description of the area and
its fossil assemblages was given as early as 1896
by VERBEEK and .FENNEMA. BOTHE (1 929,
1933) and later on SUNU SUMOSUSASTRO
(1957) have written the most comprehensive
papers about this limited region.
Recdntly, LEMIGAS (Indonesian Petroleum Institutk) studied several surface sections in this
area. Based on planktonic Foraqinifera .a more
precise stratigraphy of the area could be
established than that obtained by former
authors who had worked with mollusks and
larger Foraminifera. The main aim of this paper,
therefore, is to communicate this new data.

forms an extensive outcrop (Fig. 2). It consists of crystalline limestone, gneisses, phyllites,
micashists and radiolarites. The latter have
been intruded by ultrabasic rocks, according
to BOTHE (1933). The age of this basement
complex is doubtful. BOTHE (1929) found
several specimens of Orbitolina in a limestone
pebble of a Neogene conglomerate nearby
and concluded that at least a part of these
beds is of Cretaceous age.
This basement is unconformably overlain by
Middle to Late Eocene beds. These beds are
found only as erosional relics on the W and
SE flanks of the Jiwo Hills and their.stratigraphy must be pieced together from different
outcrops. On the W flank, a 50 m thick
sequence of yellowish quartz sandstones withthick and irregular lenses of limestone is exposed. The contact with the underlying
basement, however, does not crop out. The
limestone lenses are extremely rich in larger
Foraminifera, already described by VERBEEK
and FENNEMA in 1895 an in more detail
by GERTH (in BOTHE, 1929) and by DOORNINK (1932). They cite the occurrence of
AssiIilZa spira, A. exponens, A. granulosa, Nummulites javanus, N. bagelensis, Discocyclina
dispansa, D. javana and D. omphala. This
association is indicative of early to middle
Middle Eocene or late 'Ta' in the Indonesian
'letter. stages. Planktonic Foraminifera Were not
observed. The yellowish sandstones do not
yield any recognizable fossils and show signs
of strong decalcification, such as small cavities
in the shape of larger Foraminifera and tiny
layers of secondary carbonale conlcretions. Thus
we wnsider 4he sandstone as the decalcified
part of a limestone unit.

On the SE flank of the Jiwo Hills (Fig. 2) near

the village of Padasan, an Eocene sequence
STRATJGRAPHY
*) Lembaga Minyak dan Gas Bumi .(LEMIGAS),
The metamorphic basement of the Jiwo Hills
Exploration Division, Jakarta.

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of about 120 m thickness was measured. There,
the contact with the metamorphic basement
complex is exposed. The lowermost part of
the Eocene beds i s mainly composed of sandy
calcarenites, intercalated with yellowish sandstones. The calcarenites at the base contain
small fragments of metamorphic basement
rocks. The whole sequence grades upwards
into marly clay and finally bluish marl. The
very base of the sequence yields Assilina sp.,
Num mulires bagelensis, N. ja san us and Discocyclina javana, an assemblage of late Ta age.

An additional occurrence of Eocene, surrounded by the microdiorite and Quaternary layers,

is present to the N of the village of Dowo
(Fig. 2). It exhibits a similar sequence of strata
to that on the SE-flank. Here,.however, the
contact with the metamorphic basement is
not exposed. The lower sandy part that is
barren of fossils is conformably overlain by
beds of early Tb, thus the sands probably
could be assigned to late Ta. The upper calcareous part yields Tb larger Foraminifera
such as Pellatispira and planktonic Foraminifera of zones P 13/P 1 4 such as TruncoroThus, the basal interval of these beds was
taloides rohri, T. topilensis, Globorotalia cerrodtposited at about the same time as theseqazulensis pomeroli, G. bullbrooki and G. spiuence outcropping on She W flank. Above
nulosa.
these. basal beds, Assilina disappears and is
replaced by Pellatispira madaraszi and Num- BOTHE (1933) divided the Eocene sequence
mulites semiglobulus, an assemblage that clear- of the whole area into two main lithostratly indicates Tb or late Middle Eocene to igraphic units. For the yellowish sandstones
Late Eocene. In the succeeding marly part, and carbonates of the lower, early to middle
planktonic Foraminifera of zone P 14 (latest Middle Eocene portion, he introduced the
Middle Eocene) .are present (such as Trun- term Wungkal beds after Gunung Wungkal
corotaloides rohri, Globarotalia cerroazulensis on the W flank of the Jiwo Hills (Fig. 2).
pomeroli, G. cerroazulensis cerroazulensis, Glo- For the marly upper late Middle Eocene to
bigerina linaperta, G. compacta and G. cryp- Late Eocene portion, he used the name Gamtomphala]. In the uppermost part of the seq- ping beds, named after Gunung Gamping
uence, T. rokri becomes extinct and Globige- on the SE flank. The Camping beds are
rinatheka semiinvoluta appears, pointing to only present on the SE flank and N of Dowo.
zone P 15 o r an earfy Late Eocene age. The next younger beds in the immediate Jiwo
The position of these beds upon the basement Hills area are of late Middle Miocene age
and the increase of planktonic Foraminifera (zone N 12) and transgressively overlie the
towards the top uf the sequence clearly older formations. Oligocene and Early Mioevidence the transgressive character of the cene sediments are not known to occur but
Eocene deposition. As there are ho phenomena such deposits, outcrop extensively to the S
observed in the topmost beds which suggest of the Jiwo Hills in the Baturagung escarpregression, the transgressive trend of this sedi- ment (fig. 2). They consist mainly of fine
mentation probably persisted into the latest volcaniclastic material.
Eocene or even Early Oligocene. These beds
One section, across the N flank of the Baturgave been modelled down by later erosion.
agung escarpment at Gunung Baturagung (Fig.
ThisEocene sequence was intruded by a micro- 2) was studied. There, a 1700 m thick sequence
diorite, which outcrops along the entire length is exposed, the lower part of which is made
of the SE Jiwo Hills. The age of this intrusion of greenish tuffaceous shales while the upper
is post-Eocene and pre-Late Middle Miocene part consists of bright whitish tuffaceous matas it cuts the Eocene beds and is covered erial. BOTHE (1933) distinguished two differby the transgressive late Middle Miocene Wono- ent lithologic units in this lower part, the
sari beds. Most probably the microdiorite Kebo beds and the succeeding Butak beds
was intruded during Late Oligocene to early- (termed after Gunung Kebo and Gunung Bumost Miocene times as dioritic components tak). This differentiation, however, is doubtoccur in the Late Oligocene to earlymost Mio- ful, as the micropaleontologic examination
cene Kebo-Butak beds, which outcrop some clearly shows that the sequence is composed
kilometers more to the S.
of at least 5 thrust sheets. Thus in this paper

the term Kebo-Butak beds is used for the

whole lower part. The interval is made up
of greenish white, tuffaceous shales, fine bedded silts, sandstones, conglomerates and tuffites
and is rather rich in planktonic Foraminifera.
Two sills of basaltic andesite are intercalated
in the sequence. The presence of zone N 2
(Globorotalia opima opirna, Globigerina angulisuturalis), zone N 3 (G. angulisuturalis, G.
binaiensis and Globorotalia siakensis), zone N 4
(Globorotalia kugieri, Glohigerinoides primordius) and zone N 5 (Globigerinoides trilobus,
Clobigerinita clissimilis) can be proven. Thus
the deposition of the Kebo-Butak beds
occurred during Late Oligocene and earlymost Miocene times in an open marine environment.
The upper part of the sequence consists of
white tuffaceous material alternating with
bright tuffites, clayey glass tuffs ,and pumicetuff breccias. This unit is termed the Semilir
beds (BOTHE, 1933) after Gunung Semilir,
S of Jiwo. It conformably overlies the KeboButak beds. Fossils are extremely rare. Only
a few specimens of planktonic Foraminifera
were observed, indicating that the beds were
deposited in a marine environment. The .exact
age of the unit, however, remains doubtful.
In the Gunung ,Baturagung section, where only
the lower portion of the Semilir beds outcrops, some late and aberrant members of the
Globigerina tripartita lineage are present. These
forms are most probably indicative of zone N 5.
In a neighbouring and parailel section 5 km
to the E, near the village of Wanongso (Fig. 2)
the upper part of the Semilir beds is exposed. This section contains some specimens
of Orbulina, thus these beds are of zone N 9
or younger. According to chis information it
seems most probable that the Semilir beds
were deposited in a time interval ranging from
zone N 5 to N 9 in age.

morphic basement. In the Baturagung escarpment they unconformably overlie the Semilir
beds. Also here, they are mainly compcked
of calcarenites, occasionally containing volcaniclastic material. The beds are rich in planktonic Foraminifera, which clearly indicate zone
N 12 (concurrence of Globorotalia cultmta
and G. .fohsi fohsi).
Late Miocene or Pliocene beds are not present
in this area. They have most probably been
removed by erosion during the Late Pliocene
phase of orogeny whilst subsequently alluvium
and very young volcaniclastics were deposited.
The stratigraphy as now understood is summarized on figs. 3 & 4.
CONCLUSIONS
The complex stratigraphy of the Jiwo Hills
and the Baturagung escarpment can be better
understood by using planktonic Foraminifera
(see figs. 3 and 4). The main Cenozoic transgression started during late Ta times (early
to middle Middle Eocene), a. second major
transgression took place during the late Middle
Miocene (zone N 12).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors arc greatly indebted to Dr. P.
BAUMANN (BEICIP) for his guidance and
supervisioti of this research and to the management of LEMIGAS for permission to publish
this paper.

REFERENCES
BAUMANN, P., 1974.
MictopaleontologicrlExamination of surface samples from Jiwo Hills
.(Central Java). Lemigas report No, EP-0190.

Unpublished.
1974.
Minopaleontologid h i nation of surface aamples of the Dowo

_------

Eocene Jio Hills (Central Java). Samples

series: DW1 - DW 21. Lemigas report No.
EP-0199. Unpublished.

The Semilir beds of the Wanongso section

The Middle Miocene diastre
are overlain .by the Wonosari beds of zone ------, 1975
phism its influence to the sedimentary and
N 12 (Globorotalia fohsi s.I., Globigerinoides
faunal distribution of Java and the Java sea
subquadratus) with a clear angular unconformwin. Bull. NIGM, Bandung, in print.
ity.
The dcposition of the Wonosari beds resulted BEMMELEN R.W., van, 1949. The Geology of
Indone& VoLIA, the Hague.
from a new main transgression in this area
(BAUMANN, 1975). In the N Jiwo Hills these BOTHE, A.Ch.D., 1929. Jio Hills and southern
beds can be found directly upon the metarange. Exc. guide IVth Pacific Science Congress

22

WN 44. Lemigas report No. EP-0199. Un-

Java, Bandung 1929, 1-14.

_--___- , 1934.

Geological

Map of Java, sheet

Klaten. Unpublished report Geological Survey.

DOORNINK, H.W., 1932. Tertiary Nummulitidae liom J a n VerhCeoLMUnb. Gen.9, 1932

(Thesis Univ. of Amsterdam).

LEMIGAS and PERTAMINA Bash Study in Co-

published.

PURWATINAH and N U R HASJIM, 1974. Mi.

cropleontob&A Examination of the Kali

P8p.h Gunung Batuxagung section (Klaten Central Java). Series: KB 1 - KB 148. Lemigas
report No. EP 0198. Unpublished.

SUNU SUMOSUSASTRO, 1956. A contribution

operation with BEICIP, 1971. West and Cento the geoloa d the eastern Jiwo Hills and the
tral Java Buin Study Report. Unpublished.
southern range in Central Java Indonesian
Journal for Natural Science, vol. 112, pp.
MARKS P., 1957. Sbntipphic Lexicon of
1 15- 134.
neaia, Publiiasi Keilmuan ,"0.31
- Sed
Geologi, Direktorat Geologi
VERBEEK, R.D.M., and FENNEMA, R., 1896.
Csologkhe beschrijving van Java en Madun.
PALTRINIERI, F., 1974. Micropaleontola@aI
Two volumes and a folio with maps and
Examination d h a amph &om the J h
sections, Amsterdam, 1896.
W (Centrrl Jm).Samples series: WN 1 -

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HILLS AREA (CENTRAL JAVA1

ESCARPMkNT

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