Nicole Alexander

6.62
Vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations can sometimes be simplified through the use of
a quantity called the relative volatility, which may be defined in terms of the
following depiction of vapor and liquid phases in equilibrium.
a) Show that the relative volatility of species A to species B equals the ratio of
vapor pressures at the system temperature.
XiP*=y2 P

x2P*=y2 P

Y2/xi = P*/P

y2/x2=P*/P

Therefore:

P* = yi/xi
P
y2/x2

b) Determine the relative volatility of styrene to ethyl benzene at 85*C and the
relative volatility of benzene to ethyl benzene at the same temperature.
Which pair would you classify as more difficult to separate by distillation?
clear;clc;
t=85
PC6= 10^(6.95650-1423.543/(t+213.091))
Psty = 10^(7.06623-1507.434/(t+214.985))
Pben = 10^(6.89272-1203.531/(t+219.888))
alphaSty = Psty/PC6
alphaben= Pben/PC6
alphasty = 0.7248
alphaben = 5.81

The benzene and ethyl benzene mixture is easier to separate due to the higher relative volatility
c) Show that for a binary mixture of i and j
yi=

aijxi

1+(aij-1)xi

ij=

Plug aij into yi equation.

y i=

y i=

y ( 1x ) x
1+ y (1x)
x
1 y
y (1x )
=y
( 1x )( 1 y )+ y (1x )

y i/ x
(1 y )(1x)
a
i

Nicole Alexander

d) Apply the equation from part c) to a benzene-ethyl benzene system at 85*C, using it to
estimate the mole fractions of benzene in the vapor phase in equilibrium with liquids
having benzene mole fractions of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0. Then calculate the total
system pressure for each of these six conditions.
clear;clc;
t=85
Peb= 10^(6.95650-1423.543/(t+213.091))
Psty = 10^(7.06623-1507.434/(t+214.985))
Pben = 10^(6.89272-1203.531/(t+219.888))
aSty = Psty/Peb
aben= Pben/Peb
x0=0
x2=0.2
x4=0.4
x6=0.6
x8=0.8
x1=1.0
y0= aben*x0/(1+(aben-1)*x0)
y2= aben*x2/(1+(aben-1)*x2)
y4= aben*x4/(1+(aben-1)*x4)
y6= aben*x6/(1+(aben-1)*x6)
y8= aben*x8/(1+(aben-1)*x8)
y1= aben*x1/(1+(aben-1)*x1)
P0 = y0*Pben
P2= y2*Pben
P4 = y4*Pben
P6 = y6*Pben
P8 = y8*Pben
P1=y1*Pben

y(0.0) = 0

P(0.0)= 0

y(0.2) = 0.5923

P(0.2) = 522mm Hg

y(0.4) = 0.7948

P(0.4)= 700.73mm Hg

y(0.6) = 0.8971

P(0.6)= 790.87mm Hg

y(0.8)0.9588

P(0.8)=845.23mm Hg

y(1.0) = 1

P(1.0)=881.59mm Hg

Nicole Alexander
6.60 The feed to a distillation column is a 45.0 mole% -pentane55.0 mole%
-hexane liquid mixture.
The vapor stream leaving the top of the column, which contains 98.0 mole%
pentane and the balance
hexane, goes to a total condenser (in which all the vapor is condensed). Half of the
liquid condensate
is returned to the top of the column as and the rest is withdrawn as overhead
product ( )
at a rate of 85.0 kmol/h. The distillate contains 95.0% of the pentane fed to the
column. The liquid
stream leaving the bottom of the column goes to a Part of the stream is vaporized;
the vapor
is recycled to the bottom of the column as and the residual liquid is withdrawn as
a) Calculate the molar ow rate of the feed stream and the molar ow rate and
composition of the
Bottoms product stream.
b) Estimate the temperature of the vapor entering the condenser, assuming that
it is saturated (at its dew point) at an absolute pressure of 1 atm and that
Raoults law applies to both pentane and hexane. Then estimate the
volumetric ow rates of the vapor stream leaving the column and of the liquid
distillate product. State any assumptions you make.
c) Estimate the temperature of the reboiler and the composition of the vapor
boilup, again assuming operation at 1 atm.
d) Calculate the minimum diameter of the pipe connecting the column and the
condenser if the
maximum allowable velocity in the pipe is 10 m/s. Then list all the
assumptions underlying the
calculation of that number. The vapor leaving the top of a distillation
Feed

distillate- 95%pentane
Flow= 85.0kmol/h

45%pentane
55%hexane
Flow(?)

a)

> condenser
bottom composition(?) ow(?)

85.0 kmol
.98 *(100/95)*(100/45) = 194.85kmol/h= ow of feed
h
Flow bottom = 194.85kmol/h 85.0kmol/h =109.85kmol/h
ow pentane bottom = 194.85kmol/h(.45) 85.0kmol/h(.98) = 4.38kmol/h
(4.38kmol/h)/109.85*100 = 3.99% pentane in bottom
Hexane = 100-3.99 = 96.01% in bottom

b) y1P= 0.98
y1H=0.02
t=36.5

Nicole Alexander
PC5 = 10^(6.84471-1060.793/(t+231.541))
PC6 = 10^(6.88555-1175.817/(t+224.867))
P = y1P*PC5 + y1H*PC6

When temperature is 36.5*C, the pressure is 760.6mm Hg

Pv = RT
v = (36.5+273.15)(0.08206L*atm/molK)*1000*(85kgmol/hr)/(1atm)
v = 25.41mol/L
vdistillate = 25.41*.95 = 24.14mol/L

c) y1P= 0.04
y1H=0.96
t=66.7
PC5 = 10^(6.84471-1060.793/(t+231.541))
PC6 = 10^(6.88555-1175.817/(t+224.867))
P = y1P*PC5 + y1H*PC6
When the temperature is 66.7*C, the pressure is 761.6mm Hg
d) Flow = v*A
At STP 1mol= 22.4L=0.0224m^3

194.85 kmol
1000 mol
h
0.0224 m3
kmol
h
1 mol
s
3600 s
A=
10 m
A = 0.12124m2=D2/4
D=0.393m=39.3cm