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1. Problem Statement
In this tutorial we are going to create a project to simulate a traffic light using arduino UNO R3
where the system will change from red to green, via amber and repeat this process again and
again.
2. What is a LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source that resembles a basic pnjunction diode, except that an LED also emits light.
An LED is a diode that also emits light. LEDs come in different colors and brightnesses, and can also
emit light in the ultraviolet and infrared parts of the spectrum (as in the LEDs in your TV remote
control). If you look carefully at an LED, you will notice two things. One is that the legs are of
different lengths, and also, that on one side of the LED it is flattened rather than cylindrical (see
Figure). These are indicators to show you which leg is the anode (positive) and which is the cathode
(negative). The longer leg (anode) gets connected to the positive supply (3.3V) and the leg with the
flattened side (cathode) goes to ground.
There is another LED called RGB LED which has a red, green, and blue one package. The LED has
four legs: one will be a common anode or cathode, common to all three LEDs and the other three
will then go to the anode or cathode of the individual red, green and blue LEDs. You can get any
color you want just adjusting the brightness values of the R, G and B channels of the RGB LED.
Finally verify if there is not error and connect the arduino USB to your computer and then press in
Upload Icon to run.