Why

y HVDC?

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Energy Transmission

World Power Scenario

World wide electrical power consumption projected to increase by >70% by
2030 investments in power generation
Tendency to a global energy market need of national and international
grid interconnections
Generation and consumption centers separated by long distances Need
to transfer power over long distances

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Energy Transmission

Issues concerning Transmission Systems

Utilization of existing resources and systems to the maximum extent
Transmission of bulk power over long distances efficiently
Severe Right of Way constraints
Uncertainty in Generation
Control of flow of power
Stability

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Energy Transmission

Whats
Wh t needed?
d d?
Option of up-gradation / allow implementation in stages
Transfer of allocated power / long-term contractual requirement
Should have margin for transfer of operational surplus in addition to
p
committed power
Meet system requirements active and reactive power following variations in
load demand and contingencies
High Availability & Reliability
Low cost to consumers

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Energy Transmission

SMART Transmission Siemens Way

Present scenario

Siemens Innovation

Conventional AC Transmission

HVDC Transmission

For Bulk Power

Reliable means of bulk
transfer over long
Bhiwadi
power transfer
distances AC not
Rajasthan
an efficient solution Lower transmission losses
Mohindergarh Ballia
UP
- 5% over 2
2,000
000 kkm
Haryana
Degradation of
capacity in AC lines Flexibility to enhance the
Mundra
Talchar
transfer capacity
with increasing
Gujarat
(Orissa)
lengths
Fewer lines with lesser
Right-of-Way
Reactive power
One of the Worlds
Kolar
management &
largest link
SMART GRID
Karnataka
Losses - a major
performance features
issue
More economical
Higher
Hi h requirement
i
t off lland
d & Ri
Right-ofht f
Way
Several parallel lines to be used to
transfer high power

800kV AC

Page
5
85m

23.08.2011

2500MW,1400 km-long HVDC

link from Talchar to Kolar
Executed by Siemens 3 months
ahead of schedule

Other 2x 2500MW HVDC

projectsUnder execution by
ET-PS Siemens Energy Transmission

Technology Options

Use of Compact Lines / Multi-Circuit

Multi Circuit lines
lines.

Use of HVDC/multi-terminal HVDC systems

y
to build
systems in phases.

Use of Voltage Source Converter systems.

Re conductoring of existing lines without outages

Re-conductoring
outages.

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Energy Transmission

HVDC Applications
HVDC is the unique solution to interconnect asynchronous systems, e.g. different
grid frequencies.
Solution: HVDC Back-to-Back
Back-to-Back Station
Up to 1000 MW

AC
50 Hz

AC
60 Hz

HVDC represents the most economical solution for distances greater than approx.
600 km / 400miles
Solution: HVDC Long Distance
Long Distance Transmission
Up to 3000 MW

AC

AC
DC line

HVDC is an alternative for submarine transmission. Economical even for shorter

distances such as a few 10 km / miles
Solution: HVDC Cable
Long Submarine Transmission
Up to 800 MW

AC

AC
DC cable

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Energy Transmission

Benefits: HVDC
Benefits

DC line has lower construction costs than an AC line

For equivalent transmission capacity

A double HVAC 3- circuit with 6 conductors required to get reliability of

a 2-pole DC link
DC losses are less compared to AC
For the same conductor

DC link is asynchronous
Can be used to interconnect grids with different frequencies

HVDC systems are more reliable

Cannot be overloaded by
y outage
g of p
parallel AC lines

Right of way for DC line is 41% lower

Compared to AC Line designed to carry 2,000 MW

HVDC
C systems do not add to S
Short C
Circuit Power requirements
Beneficial, if the installed HV equipments are at / close to their limit Short Circuit capability
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Energy Transmission

Benefits: HVDC (contd

(contd..))
Benefits

DC systems are modular

can be built in stages if the generation is being added over a longer period

HVDC system along with the existing AC system would enhance grid
security and system stability
Overload and power modulation features of HVDC could be used to cater
to grid emergencies in case of outage of AC lines

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Energy Transmission

AC vs. DC: Loss Evaluation

Line Length 970 Km

Load: 2500 MW

AC System: 1 no. 400 kV D/C Quad Moose

Avg. Loading Factor: 90%

Configuration + 1 no. 400 kV S/C Quad Moose

Configuration

DC System: 500kV HVDC

Resistance of quad moose conductor: 0

0.056/4
056/4 =
0.014 /km at 20C

Resistance of quad bersimis conductor: 0

0.042/4
042/4 =
0.011 /km at 20C

Resistance at 75C and for line length of 970 Km:

16.57

Resistance at 75C and for line length of 970 Km:

10.67

Power in each circuit: 2250/3= 750 MW

Power = 2250 MW

Current per phase: 750/1.732x400x0.9 = 1203 A

Current per pole: 2250/2x500 = 2250 A

Losses for AC configuration: 3x3x12032 x16.57=

216 MW

Losses for DC line configuration: 2x22502 x10.67=

108 MW + Losses at HVDC terminals: 27.4 MW
(from guaranteed loss figure)

Total losses for AC configuration: 216 MW

Total losses for DC configuration: 135.4 MW

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Saving of 80.6 MW

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Energy Transmission

Right of Way Comparisons

Typical
yp
tower structures and rights-of-way.
g
y Capacity:
p
y 2000 MW
500 KV DC

50 m
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800 KV AC

2 X 500 KV AC

85 m
23.08.2011

100 m
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Energy Transmission

Cost comparison of AC and DC transmission

Cost of AC Line
Cost
Break even distance

Cost of DC Line

Cost of DC terminal
Cost of AC terminal
500 700 km

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Distance in km

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Energy Transmission