CHAPTER NO.

1
INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
COMPLETION ITEMS.
Fill in the blanks.
1.
Scientific study of living things is called __________.
2.
The word Biology has been derived from two Greek words i.e. _______ and logos.
3.
Study of internal parts of organism is called ___________.
4.
Study of structure and function of cells and their organelles is called ________.
5.
___________ is the study of genes and Biological inheritance of characters from
parents to their off springs.
6.
___________ is the study of principles and laws of Physics which are applicable to
Biological phenomena.
7.
The data collected from experiments and observation made on organism analyzed by
various methods of statistics is called _________.
8.
Quinine extracted from _________ bark was an effective remedy for malaria.
9.
Most of the malarial patients had _________ in their blood.
10.
__________ acts as a vector in malaria.
11.
In_________ mans natural resistance and immunities against diseases are destroyed.
12.
AIDS is also being treated to some extent by medicine called ___________.
13.
__________ are being used to eliminate many harmful pests.
14.
__________ is very useful in the treatment of diabetic patients.
15.
Living things could be formed spontaneously from non living things is called
___________.
16.
Offsprings are produced by parents of their own kind known as __________.
17.
According to __________ the origin of first life had been initiated from the time
when the solar system came into existence.
18.
On Mars some evidence of __________ has been found which is still under further
investigation.
19.
In 1578-1657 _________ described the circulation of blood in human body.
20.
In ____________ useful genes are inserted into bacteria to obtain the required
beneficial results.
21.
__________ discovered as the cause of many diseases like tuberclosis.
22.
Edward Jenner discovered the method of vaccination in __________.
23.
In 1878, a French army physician named ____________ found small microscopic
thread like organisms in blood of malarial patients.
24.
_________ deals with the prtactical application of organisms and their components
for the welfare of mankind.
25.
Rapid industrialization during the past few decades has resulted in _________ of our
surroundings.
26.
When mixture of CO2, NH3 and water vapors is exposed to __________, it leads to the
formation of sugars and Amino acids.
TRUE/FALSE ITEMS.
Classify the following statements into true/false.
1.
Biology is the scientific study of living things.
2.
Study of animals is called Botany.
3.
Study of functions of different parts of organisms is called histology.
4.
Genetics is the study of genes and biological inheritance of characters from parents to
their offspring.
5.
Biogeography deals with the study of occurrence and distribution of different species of
plants and animals in the different geographical regions of the world.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Observations alone usually provide solution to the scientific problems.

The logical conclusion drawn from a hypothesis from deduction.
Deductions cannot be tested and verified by experiments.
Control group means, the group of those people who are affected in some way and no real
cause is known.
People who slept outdoor in open spaces suffered less frequently from malaria than those
who slept indoors.
Ross selected sparrows instead of man for his experiments due to identical symptoms of
malaria in both.
When a hypothesis has been proved by consistant results of many experiments, then it
becomes a theory.
Historia Animaia was written by Theophrastus.
Al-Zahravi was famous for removing stone from urinary bladder.
Infant mortatity has also been controlled due to discovery of vaccines for fatal diseases
like smallpox, polio.
Many plants and animals have been maintaining the balance in our environment for
million of years are now at the verge of extinction due to pollution.
Ali Ibne Insa described the structure and function of human body describing bones and
muscles.
Jabar-Bin-Hayan wrote books on plants and animals like Alnabatat and Alhaywan.
Drugs like penicillin and streptomycin are being use to controlling infections diseases.
Louis Pasteur proved finally that living organism could only be produced from their
parents.

MULIPLE CHOICE ITEMS.

You are provided with five options in the following items. Select the most appropriate one.
1.
Study of nature is called:
a.
Biology
d.
Science
b.
Botany
e.
Physics
c.
Zoology
2.
Study of Microscopic organisms is called:
a.
Zoology
d.
Histology
b.
Botany
e.
Microbiology
c.
Biology
3.
Which branch of biology deals with classification of animals and plants:
a.
Morphology
d.
Taxonomy
b.
Physiology
e.
Ecology
c.
Histology
4.
Study of fossils preserved in rock is called:
a.
Palaeobotany
d.
Genetic
b.
Palaeozoology
e.
Geology
c.
Palaeontology
5.
The data collected from experiments and observations made on organisms is analyzed by
various methods of statistics is called:
a.
Biogeography
d.
Biophysics
b.
Bioeconomics
e.
Biochemistry
c.
Biometery
6.
What are made to collect relevant information or data after determination of the specific
biological problems:
a.
Observations
d.
Result
b.
Hypothesis
e.
Experiment
c.
Deduction
7.
The logical conclusion drawn from a hypothesis is called as:
a.
Data
d.
Theory

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

b.
Deduction
e.
Observation
c.
Result
Who is writer of book Historia Animalia
a.
Theo phrastus
d.
Bu Ali Sina
b.
Jabar Bin Hayan
e.
Abul Qasim
c.
Aristotle
Al-Manazir book is written by:
a.
Ibn al Haitham
d.
Abdul Malik Asmai
b.
Ibn al Nafees
e.
Bu Ali Sina
c.
Aljahiz
Origin of species is written by:
a.
Robert Koch
d.
Louis Pasteur
b.
Charles Darwin
e.
Linnaeus
c.
Willium Henry
Which branch of biology made it possible to manipulate hereditary traits and to produce new
species:
a.
Genetic
d.
Genetic Engineeroing and Biotechnology
b.
Genetic Engineering
e.
Space Biology
c.
Biotechnology
When were developed a few hypothesis, which seems near to what happened in the origin
of life on earth:
a.
1957
d.
1949
b.
1950
e.
1947
c.
1955
When an Italian Scientist F.Redi disproved abiogensis experimentally:
a.
1957
d.
1864
b.
1920
e.
1748
c.
1668
Who once again excited the believers of abiogensis in 1748:
a.
Asistotle
d.
Spallanzani
b.
Louis Pausteur
e.
F.Redi
c.
Needham
Which gas was discovered in 1774, as an important component of air for respiration and
burning:
a.
CO2
d.
SO2
b.
O2
e.
NO2
c.
Nitrogen
Who performed his experiments in 1864, in front of the commission formed of noted
biologists to resolve the issue of biogenesis and abiogensis:
a.
F.Redi
d.
Spallanzani
b.
Needham
e.
Alexander Oparin
c.
Pasteur
Who proposed that primitive earths atmosphere had only CO2 , NH3, and water vapors:
a.
Oparin
d.
Harold Uray
b.
Haldane
e.
Linnaeus
c.
Miller
The fossil evidence indicates that the earliest forms of organisms lived about:
a.
4 billion years ago
d.
1.5 billion years ago
b.
3.8 billion years ago
e.
3 billion years ago
c.
5 billion years ago
Early autotrophs did not use water in the photosynthesis, instead they used:
a.
Hydrogen
d.
Nitrogen
b.
Hydrogen Sulphide
e.
CO2

20.

c.
Oxygen
How long period took in involving eukaryotes from the prokaryotes:
a.
One billion years
d.
3 billion years
b.
1.5 billion years
e.
3.5 billion years
c.
2 billion years

MATCHING ITEMS.
Match each item in column A with an appropriate statement given in column B.
1.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
i.
Palaenotology
a.
Charles Darwin
ii.
Biogenesis
b.
James Watson & Francis Crick
iii.
Double helix model of DNA
c.
Study of fossil and relationship to evolution of life on
earth
iv.
Origin of species
d.
Ioseph Lister
e.
Francesco Redi
2.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

COLUMN A
Cell theory
Laws of Heredily
Ecology
Paleozoology

3.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

COLUMN A
Microbiology
Methods of classification
for organisms.
Ozone layer
Laveran

4.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

COLUMN A
Khalaqul Insan
Louis Pasteur
Joseph Lister
Histology

5.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

COLUMN A
Al-Wahoosh
Ali Inne Insa
Rinal Ross
Taxconomy

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

COLUMN B
Study of fossil animals
Study of relationship between organisms and environment
Schleiden and schwann
Aristotle
Gregor Mendel

a.
b.

COLUMN B
Penetration of ultravoiled radiation
Study of microscopic organisms

c.
d.
e.

Malarial Parasite
Linnaeus
Malarial Parasite

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

COLUMN B
Study of Tissues
Discovery of antiseptic
Abdul Malik Asmai
Ali Ibne Insa
Discovery of microbes in air which spoil food

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

COLUMN B
Study of classification and scientific naming
Abdul Malik Asmai
Al Farabi
Experiments on sparrows
Function of eye and treatment of 130 eye diseases

*********************************************
ANSWERS.
COMPLETION ITEMS.
1.
Biology

2.

BIOS

3.

Anatomy

4.
7.
10.
13.
16.
19.
22.
25.

Cell biology
Biometry
Mosquito
Pesticide
Biogenesis
Willian Harvey
Smallpox
Pollution

5.
8.
11.
14.
17.
20.
23.
26.

Genetics
Cinchona
AIDS
Insulin
Operin Haldane
Biotechnology
Lavern
Ultraviolet radiation

6.
9.
12.
15.
18.
21.
24.

Biophysics
Plasmodium
AZT
A biogenesis
Life
Robert Kock
Biotechnology

TRUE/FALSE ITEMS.
1
2
3
4
T
F
F
T

5
T

6
F

7
T

8
F

9
F

10
F

11
T

12
T

13
F

14
T

18
T

19
T

20
T

MULIPLE CHOICE ITEMS.

1
2
3
4
5
d
e
d
c
c

6
a

7
b

8
c

9
a

10
b

11
d

12
b

13
c

14
c

19
b

20
b

15
T

15
b

16
T

16
c

17
F

17
b

18
b

MATCHING ITEMS.
1.
i.
ii.
iii.
c
e
b

iv.
a

2.

i.
c

ii.
e

iii.
b

iv.
a

4.

i.
c

ii.
e

iii.
b

iv.
a

3.

i.
b

ii.
d

iii.
a

iv.
e

5.

i.
b

ii.
e

iii.
d

iv.
a