STAINS :-

1) Dr Devesh Mishra - Pathology Classes (https://www.facebook.com/pages/Dr-Devesh-MishraPathology-Classes/1394901340781154 )

2) DEVESH'S PATHOLOGY DISCUSSION FORUM
(https://www.facebook.com/groups/deveshmishra/)
3) drdev555@gmail.com

Devesh
Mishra

Digitally signed by Devesh

Mishra
DN: cn=Devesh Mishra,
o=DEVESH PATHOLOGY
DISCUSSION FORUM, ou=Dr
Devesh Mishra-Pathology
Classes,
email=drdev555@gmail.com,
c=IN
Date: 2014.04.07 21:27:33
+05'30'

HEMATOLOGY STAINS:
1) ROMANOWSKY STAIN:
routine stain for peripheral smear examination
its a family of stain consisting of
1) Giemsa ( best and most commonly used)
2) leishman
3) wright
4) jenner
it can stain( apart from normal cells):
a) reticulocytes ( but non specific)
b) howell jolly bodies
c) basophilic stippling
d) cabot rings
BUT NOT FOR ---heinz bodies
2) HEINZ- BODIES
By supravital staining---methyl violet and crystal violet

3) RETICULOCYTES:
Specific stains are SUPRAVITAL STAINS
BEST brilliant CRESYL BLUE
ALSO used are---NEW METHYLENE BLUE
1) HEMATOXYLIN stain:
Blue and basic
Stains NEGATIVELY CHARGED substances e.g. DNA and RNA
Nucleus stained
2) EOSIN :
Pink and acidic
Stains POSITIVELY CHARGED structures e.g. mitochondria
Cytoplasm is stained
3) Oil red O stain:
fat/lipid (on frozen section)
other stains for lipid /fat are:
a) Sudan black B
b) Sudan IV
c) Annexin V
d) Osmium teroxide
4) PAS Stain :
a) Glycogen
b) Fungus and amoeba
c) Basement membrane
d) Lymphoblast (BLOCK LIKE POSITIVITY)
e) Erythroblast (DIFFUSELY POSITIVE)
5) CALCIUM STAINS :
a) Von kossa
b) Alizarin red

c) Calcein
6) PERLS PRUSSIAN BLUE :

Iron/hemosiderin
7) FUNGUS STAINS:

a) Gomoris methenamine silver stains -- best fungal stain; stains both live and dead fungus)
b) PAS stain----only live fungus staining
AMYLOID STAINS:

a) Lugols iodinegross specimen

b) Hematoxylin and eosin
c) Methyl violet
d) Crystal violet
e) Thioflavin T
f) Toluidine blue
g) PAS
h) Alcian blue
i) CONGO RED STAIN--- pink/red under ordinary light
And APPLE GREEN BIREFRINGERENCE on POLARISED MICROSCOPY(DIAGNOSTIC)
9) ALCIAN BLUE STAIN;

Mucin and mucosubstances

ACID FAST STAIN
Mycobacterium
11) FONTANA MASSON:
Melanin and Argentaffin cells
12) MASSONs TRICHROME STAINS:
Collagen and connective tissue
13) VERHOFF-VON-GIESON (VVG):
Elastic fibres ( other stain---ORCEIN stain)
14) TOLUIDINE BLUE:
Mast cells
15) LUXOL FAST BLUE:
Myelin
16) BIELSCHOWSKY STAIN:
(uses silver stain)
Neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques
PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID: Phosphotungstic acid --- component for staining of cell specimens, often together
with haematoxylin as PTAH.
It binds to fibrin,collagen, and fibres of connective tissues, and replaces the anions of dyes
from these materials, selectively decoloring them.
Phosphotungstic acid is electron dense, opaque for electrons. It is a common negative
stain for viruses, nerves, polysaccharides, and other biological tissue materials for imaging
by a transmission electron microscope.

NEGATIVE STAINING : for contrasting thin specimen with an optically opaque fluid.

 In this technique, the background is stained, leaving the actual specimen untouched,
and thus visible.
negative staining is typically performed using a black ink fluid such as NIGROSIN.
spores appear light against the dark surrounding background.
It includes ammonium molybdate, uranyl acetate, uranyl formate, phosphotungstic
acid, osmium tetroxide, osmium ferricyanide and auroglucothionate.
used for -----viruses, bacteria, bacterial flagella,biological membrane structures
and proteins or protein aggregates