MATHEMATICS FORM 3

- Amal Sufiah Akmal Shukri

- Tunku Kurshiah College
- Form 2N (2014)

CONTENTS ...

Chapter 1 - Lines and Angles II

Chapter 2 - Polygons II

Chapter 3 - Circles II

Chapter 4 - Statistics II

Chapter 5 - Indices

Chapter 6 - Algebraic Expressions III

Chapter 7 - Algebraic Formulae

Chapter 8 - Solid Geometry III

Chapter 9 - Scale Drawings

Chapter 10 - Transformations II

Chapter 11 - Linear Equations II

Chapter 12 - Linear Inequalities

Chapter 13 - Graphs of Functions

Chapter 14 - Ratios, Rates and Proportions II

Chapter 15 - Trigonometry

CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES II

1.1 ANGLES ASSOCIATED WITH PARALLEL LINES

Angles are the space within two lines or three or

more planes diverging from a common point, or
within two planes diverging from a common line.

Parallel lines are lines on the same plane that

never meet, no matter how far they are extended.

In this topic, we will learn about transversal and

the angles formed can be classified as
corresponding angles, alternate angles or interior
angles

Transversal

A transversal is a
straight line that
intersects two or more
straight lines.

The figure on the right

shows two parallel lines
AC and DF intersected
by the transversal MN.

Corresponding Angles

Corresponding angles are

equal in size.

The figures on the right

are the examples of
corresponding angles.

To identify corresponding
angles, look for angles
formed by lines that
resemble the letter 'F'.

Alternate Angles

Alternate angles are equal

in size.

The figures on the right

shows the examples of
alternate angles.

To identify alternate
angles, look for angles
formed by lines that
resemble the letter 'Z'.

Interior Angles

Interior angles are angles

between parallel lines on the
same side of transversal.

The sum of two interior angles

is 180 degrees.

The figures on the right are the

examples of interior angles.

To identify interior angles, look

for angles formed by lines that
resemble the letter 'C'.

EXAMPLE 1

CORRESPONDING
ANGLES

Find the value of x in the diagram

above.
Solution:
2x = 130 degrees
Hence,

In the following diagram, BCD and ACE

are straight lines. Find the value of x.

EXAMPLE 2

ALTERNATE ANGLES

Solution:
<AED = <BAE = 63 degrees
<BCE is the exterior angle for triangle
CDE.
Hence,

EXAMPLE 3

INTERIOR ANGLES

Find the value of x in the diagram

above.
Solution:
<PQR + 117 degrees = 180 degrees

CHAPTER 2
POLYGONS II

Polygons

A polygon is a closed figure with at least three

straight lines as its sides.

An irregular polygon is one with unequal sides or

interior angles.

The axis of symmetry of a polygon is a line that

divides the polygon into two identical parts.

2.1 REGULAR POLYGONS

A regular polygon is a polygon in which all sides

are of equal length and all interior angles are of
equal size.

The number of axes of symmetry of a regular

polygon is always the same as the number of its
sides.

EXAMPLES OF REGULAR POLYGONS

2.2 ANGLES OF POLYGONS

Given that QPR is a straight
line, then

u degrees is an interior angle

formed between two
adjacent sides PQ and PN.

v degrees is an exterior angle

formed between the adjacent
side PN and the extended
side PR of the polygon.

The sum of the interior angle and the exterior angle is 180 degrees.

The sum of the exterior angles of a regular polygon with n sides is

360 degrees.

The sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon with n sides is

(n - 2) x 180 degrees.

In a regular polygon with n sides,

a) the size of each interior angle

b) the size of each exterior angle

In the diagram below, AB, CD, EF and GF are

straight lines.

EXAMPLE 1

Find the value of x.

Solution:
The sum of exterior angle = 360 degrees

The diagram shows an irregular polygon.

Find the value of x.

EXAMPLE 2

Solution:
Given a polygon with 6 sides, so n = 6.
The sum of interior angles

Hence,

EXAMPLE 3
The diagram below shows a part of a regular polygon.

Find the number of sides of the polygon.

Method 1
Method 2
Size of interior angle
Exterior angle
144 degrees =
Exterior angle
then,
then,

CHAPTER 3
CIRCLES II

3.1 SYMMETRY OF CIRCLES

A chord is a straight line connecting two points on the circumference of a

circle.

The diameter of a circle is a chord that passes through the centre of a circle.

The diameter of a circle divides the circle into two equal parts.

Any diameter of a circle is an axis of symmetry.

If the chord KL intersects perpendicularly with radius PO, then KM = ML.

EXAMPLE
The diagram shows a circle with centre
O. The straight line UOV is
perpendicular to the chord PUQ. Given
that PQ = 18cm and OV = 15cm.

Solution:

Calculate the length of UV, in cm.

Consider triangle OUQ,

Hence,

3.2 PROPERTIES OF ANGLES IN CIRCLES

The angle at the centre is twice

the angle at the circumference.

The angles at the

circumference subtended by
the common arc are all equal.

The angle subtended at the

circumference in a semicircle is
a right angle.