Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Theory of StructuresII
M Shahid Mehmood
Department of Civil Engineering
Swedish College of Engineering & Technology, Wah Cantt
SlopeDeflection Method
Previously we have discussed Force/Flexibility methods
of analysis of statically indeterminate structures.
In force method, the unknown redundant forces are
determined first by solving the structures compatibility
equations;
ti
th
then
other
th response characteristics
h
t i ti off the
th
structure are evaluated by equilibrium equations or
superposition.
superposition
An alternative approach can be used for analyzing is
termed the displacement or stiffness method.
2
SlopeDeflection Method
In displacement method, the unknown displacements are
determined first by solving the structures equilibrium
equations; then the other response characteristics are
evaluated through compatibility considerations and
member forcedeformation relationships.
The displacement methods includes SlopeDeflection
Method and Moment
MomentDistribution
Distribution Method.
Method
The slopedeflection method was introduced by George
A. Maney in 1915.
3
SlopeDeflection Method
This method takes into account only the bending
deformations.
This method gives an understanding of the Matrix
Stiffness Method, which forms the basis of most
computer
t software
ft
currently
tl used
d for
f structural
t t l analysis.
l i
SlopeDeflection Equations
When a continuous beam or a frame is subjected to external loads,
internal moments generally develop at the ends of its individual
members.
The slopedeflection equations relate the moments at the ends of
the member to the rotations and displacements of its end and the
external loads applied to the member.
member
Let us consider an arbitraryy member AB of the continuous beam.
B
5
P
w
B
A
Deformed position
(elastic curve)
P
w
MBA
MAB
A
B
L
EI= constant
P
w
MBA
MAB
A
Doublesubscript
p notation is used for member end moments,, with
the first subscript identifying the member end at which the
moment acts and the second subscript indicating the other end of
the member.
member
MAB denotes the moment at end A of the member AB.
MBA denotes the moment at end B of the member AB.
7
MBA
MAB
A
Tangent at A
Undeformed position
A
Elastic curve
B
A
A
Tangent at B
MBA
MAB
A
Tangent at A
Undeformed position
A
Elastic curve
B
A
Tangent at B
MBA
MAB
A
Tangent at A
Undeformed position
A
Elastic curve
A
A
B
B
Cord
Tangent at B
MBA
MAB
A
Tangent at A
Undeformed position
A
Elastic curve
A
A
B
B
Cord
Tangent at B
(1)
11
The
Th sign
i convention
ti used
d in
i this
thi chapter
h t is
i as follows:
f ll
The
Th member
b end
d moments, end
d rotations,
i
and
d chord
h d rotation
i are
positive when counterclockwise.
Note that all the moments and rotations are shown in positive
sense in figure on previous slide.
The slope deflection equations can be derived by relating the
member end moments to the end rotations and chord rotation by
applying the second momentarea theorem.
12
MBA
MAB
A
Tangent at A
Undeformed position
BA
Elastic curve
A
A
B
B
Cord
Tangent at B
AB
BA +
A =
L
AB +
B =
L
(2)
13
BA
A =
L
AB
B =
L
( )
(3)
MBA
3
2
A
MAB
Bending Moment Diagram
15
M AB L 2 L M BA L L
2 3 2 3 g B
BA
1
=
EI
BA
M AB L2 M BA L2 g B
=
3EI
6 EI
EI
AB
1
=
EI
AB
M AB L2 M BA L2 g A
=
+
+
6 EI
3EI
EI
(4a)
M AB L L M BA L 2 L
2 3 + 2 3 + g A
(4b)
16
M AB L2
3EI
MAB
A
17
B
MBA
M BA L2
3EI
M BA L2
6EI
Tangential deviation due to MBA
P
B
gB
EI
gA
EI
Tangential deviation due to External Loading
18
M AB L M BA L g B
A =
3EI
6 EI EIL
M AB L M BA L g A
B =
+
+
6 EI
3EI
EIL
(5a )
(5b)
M BA L 2 M AB L 2 g B
=
2( A )
3EI
3EI
EIL
19
M AB
2 EI
2
(2 A + B 3 ) + 2 (2 g B g A )
=
L
L
(6a )
M BA
2 EI
2
( A + 2 B 3 ) + 2 (g B 2 g A )
=
L
L
(6b )
FEMBA
P
w
A = B = = 0
FixedEnd
Fixed
End Moments
FEMBA
The moments that would develop at the ends of such a fixed beam
are referred to as fixed
fixedend
end moments and their expression can be
obtained by setting A = B = = 0; that is,
2
FEM AB = 2 (2 g B g A )
L
2
FEM BA = 2 ( g B 2 g A )
L
(7a )
(7b )
21
M AB
2 EI
(2 A + B 3 ) + FEM AB
=
L
(8a )
M BA
2 EI
( A + 2 B 3 ) + FEM BA
=
L
(8b )
The two slopedeflection equations have the same form and either
end of equations can be obtained from the other simply by
switching the subscript A and B.
M nff
2 EI
(2 n + f 3 ) + FEM nff
=
L
(9)
23
24
With reference
f
t the
to
th previous
i
Fi
Figure
off member
b AB,
AB if the
th end
dB
of the member AB is hinged, then the moment at B must be zero.
By substituting MBA = 0 into Equation (8), we write
M AB
2 EI
(2 A + B 3 ) + FEM AB
=
L
(10a )
M BA
2 EI
( A + 2 B 3 ) + FEM BA
=0=
L
(10b )
Solving Eq.
Eq (10) for B, we obtain
3
L
(FEM BA )
B = +
2 2
4 EI
(11)
25
TTo determine
d t
i B from
f
th slope
the
l
d fl ti equations,
deflection
ti
we substitute
b tit t
Eq. (11) into Eq. (10a), thus obtaining the modified slopedeflection
equations for member AB with a hinge at end B.
M AB
3EI
FEM BA
( A ) + FEM AB
=
L
2
M BA = 0
(12a )
(12b )
3
L
(FEM AB )
A = +
2 2
4 EI
(13)
26
And
A d the
th modified
difi d slopedeflection
l
d fl ti equations
ti
can be
b expressed
d as
M BA
3EI
FEM AB
( B ) + FEM BA
=
L
2
M AB = 0
(14a )
(14b )
FEM hr
3EI
( r ) + FEM rh
M rh =
L
2
M hr = 0
(15a )
(15b )
27
IIn which
hi h the
th subscript
b i t r refers
f
t the
to
th rigidly
i idl connected
t d end
d off the
th
member where the moment Mrh acts and the subscript h identifies
the hinged end of the member.
The rotation of the hinged end can now be written as
3
L
(FEM hr )
h = +
2 2
4 EI
(16)
28
D
20 ft
10 ft
10 ft
EI = constant
E = 29,000 ksi
I = 500 in4
15 ft
Although
Al
h
h the
h structure actually
ll consists
i
off a single
i l continuous
i
beam between the fixed supports A and D, for the purpose of
analysis it is considered to be composed of three members, AB, BC,
and CD, rigidly connected at joints A, B, C, and D located at the
supports of the structure.
29
Degrees of Freedom
Id tif the
Identify
th unknown
k
i d
independent
d t displacements
di l
t (translations
(t
l ti
and
d
rotations) of the joints of the structure. These unknown joint
displacements are referred to as the degrees of freedom of the
structure.
From the qualitative deflected shape of the continuous beam
shown in Figure below,
below we can see that none of its joints can
translate.
30 k
1.5 k/ft
/
C
A
20 ft
10 ft
C C
10 ft
15 ft
The fixed
Th
fi d joints
j i t A and
d D cannott rotate,
t t whereas
h
j i t B and
joints
d C are
free to rotate.
30
Degrees of Freedom
30 k
1.5 k/ft
C
A
20 ft
10 ft
C C
10 ft
15 ft
Equations of Equilibrium
Th unknown
The
k
j i t rotations
joint
t ti
are determined
d t
i d by
b solving
l i
th
the
equations of equilibrium of the joints that are free to rotate. The
free body diagrams of the members and joints B and C of the
continuous beam are shown.
30 k
1.5 k/ft
C
B
A
20 ft
10 ft
C C
10 ft
15 ft
30 k
1.5 k/ft
MAB
MBA
MCD
MCB
B
B
MBC
MDC
C
C
32
Equations of Equilibrium
I addition
In
dditi to
t the
th external
t
l loads,
l d each
h member
b is
i subjected
bj t d to
t an
internal moment at each of its ends.
The correct senses of the member end moments are not yet
known, it is assumed that the moments at the ends of all the
members are positive (counterclockwise).
The free body diagrams of the joints show the member end
moments acting in an opposite (clockwise) direction in accordance
with Newton
Newtonss law of action and reaction.
reaction
30 k
1.5 k/ft
MAB
MBA
MCD
MCB
B
B
MBC
MDC
C
C
33
Equations of Equilibrium
B
Because
th entire
the
ti structure
t t
i in
is
i equilibrium,
ilib i
each
h off its
it members
b
and joints must also be in equilibrium. By applying the moment
equilibrium equations MB = 0 and MC = 0, respectively, to the
free bodies of joints B and C, we obtain the equilibrium equations
1.5 k/ft
MAB
M BA + M BC = 0
(17a)
M CB + M CD = 0
(17b)
30 k
MBA
MCD
MCB
B M
BA
B
MBC
MBC
C M
CB
MDC
C
C
MCD
34
SlopeDeflection Equations
Th equilibrium
The
ilib i
equations
ti
E (17) can be
Eqs.
b expressed
d in
i terms
t
off
the unknown joint rotations, B and C, by using slopedeflection
equations that relate member end moments to the unknown joint
rotations.
Before we can write the slopedeflection equations, we need to
compute the
h fixedend
fi d d moments due
d to the
h externall loads
l d acting
i
on the members of the continuous beam.
To calculate the fixedend
fixed end moments,
moments we apply imaginary clamps at
joints B and C to prevent them from rotating.
Or we generally provide fixed
fixedsupports
supports at the ends of each
member to prevent the joint rotations as shown.
35
SlopeDeflection Equations
30 k
1.5 k/ft
A
D
FEMAB
FEMBA B FEMBC
FEMCB C
OR
30 k
1.5 k/ft
A
FEMAB
B
FEMBA
B
FEMBC
C
FEMCB
C
FEMCD
D
FEMDC
SlopeDeflection Equations
30 k
1.5 k/ft
A
D
50 kft B FEMBC
50 kft
FEMCB C
OR
30 k
1.5 k/ft
A
50 kft
50 kft
B
FEMBC
C
FEMCB
C
FEMCD
wL2 1.5(20 )
FEM AB =
=
= 50k ft
12
12
2
wL2 1.5(20 )
FEM BA =
=
= 50k ft
12
12
D
FEMDC
37
SlopeDeflection Equations
30 k
1.5 k/ft
A
D
k ft
50 kft B 75 kft
50 kft
75 kft
k ft C
OR
30 k
1.5 k/ft
A
50 kft
B
50 kft 75 kft
75 kft
PL 30(20 )
=
= 75k ft
8
8
PL 30(20 )
=
=
= 75k ft
8
8
FEM BC =
FEM CB
38
SlopeDeflection Equations
Th slopedeflection
The
l
d fl ti
equations
ti
f the
for
th three
th
members
b
off the
th
continuous beam can now be written by using Eq. (9).
Since none of the supports of the continuous beam translates,
translates the
chord rotations of the three members are zero (AB = BC = CD
=0).
Also, supports A and D are fixed, the rotations A = D = 0. By
applying Eq. (9) for member AB, with A as the near end and B as
the far end,
end we obtain the slopedeflection
slope deflection equation
M AB
2 EI
(0 + B 0) + 50 = 0.1EI B + 50
=
20
(18a )
M BA
2 EI
(2 B + 0 0) 50 = 0.2 EI B 50
=
20
(18b )
39
SlopeDeflection Equations
Si il l by
Similarly,
b applying
l i Eq.
E (9) for
f member
b BC,
BC we obtain
bt i
M BC
2 EI
(2 B + C ) + 75 = 0.2 EI B + 0.1EI C + 75
=
20
(18c )
M CB
2 EI
(2 C + B ) 75 = 0.2 EI C + 0.1EI B 75
=
20
(18d )
M CD
2 EI
(2 C ) = 0.267 EI C
=
15
(18e)
M DC
2 EI
( C ) = 0.133EI C
=
15
(18 f )
40
Joint Rotations
T determine
To
d t
i the
th unknown
k
j i t rotations
joint
t ti
B & C, we substitute
b tit t
the slopedeflection equations Eqs. (18) into the joint equilibrium
equations Eqs. (17) and solve the resulting systems of equations
simultaneously for B & C. By substituting Eqs. (18b) and (18c) into
Eq. (17a), we obtain
0.4 EI B + 0.1EIC = 25
(19a )
and by substituting Eqs. (18d) and (18e) into Eq. (17b), we get
(19b )
41
Joint Rotations
S l i Eqs.
Solving
E
(19 ) & (19b) simultaneously
(19a)
i lt
l for
f EIB and
d EIC, we
obtain
EI B = 108.46 k ft 2
EIC = 183.82 k ft 2
By substituting the numerical values of E = 29,000 ksi = 29,000(12)2
ksf and I = 500 in.
in 4, we determine the rotations of joints B and C to
be
B = 0.011 radd
or
0 011 rad
0.011
d
C = 0.0018 rad
42
43
M BA + M BC = 71.7 + 71.7 = 0
Checks
M CB + M CD = 49.1 + 49.1 = 0
Checks
The member end moments just computed are shown on the free
b d diagrams
body
di
off the
th members
b and
d joints
j i t in
i Figure
Fi
on nextt slide.
lid
44
1.5 k/ft
A
39.2
39
2
SAB = 13.38 k
71.7
B
SBA
By
B
71.7
71
7
SBC
C
SCB
24.4
49.1
49.1
C
C
SCD
D
SDC
Cy
+ MB = 0
1.5 k/ft
39 2
39.2
71.7
B
SBA = 16.62 k
SAB = 13.38 k
By
B
71.7
71
7
SBC
C
SCB
24.4
49.1
49.1
C
C
SCD
D
SDC
Cy
+ Fy = 0
13.38 1.5(20 ) + S BA = 0
S BA = 16.62 k
46
1.5 k/ft
39 2
39.2
71.7
B
SBA = 16.62 k
SAB = 13.38 k
71 7
71.7
B
By
SCB = 13.87 k
SBC = 16.13 k
24.4
49.1
49.1
C
C
SCD
D
SDC
Cy
+ MC = 0
+ Fy = 0
16.13 30 + SCB = 0
SCB = 13.87 k
47
1.5 k/ft
39 2
39.2
71.7
B
SBA = 16.62 k
SAB = 13.38 k
71 7
71.7
B
By
SCB = 13.87 k
SBC = 16.13 k
24.4
49.1
49.1
C
C
SCD = 4.9 k
D
SDC = 4.9 k
Cy
+ MD = 0
+ Fy = 0
4.9 + S DC = 0
S DC = 4.9 k
48
Support Reactions
30 k
1.5 k/ft
39 2
39.2
71.7
B
SBA = 16.62 k
SAB = 13.38 k
16 62 k16.13 k71.7
16.62
71 7
By = 32.75 k
SCB = 13.87 k
SBC = 16.13 k
24.4
49.1
49.1
C
C
SCD = 4.9 k
D
SDC = 4.9 k
Cy
From the free body diagram of joint B, we can see that the vertical
reaction at the roller support B is equal to the sum of the shears at
ends B of member AB and BC; that is
Support Reactions
30 k
1.5 k/ft
39 2
39.2
71.7
B
SBA = 16.62 k
SAB = 13.38 k
16 62 k16.13 k71.7
16.62
71 7
By = 32.75 k
13 87 k 4.9 k
13.87
SCB = 13.87 k
SBC = 16.13 k
24.4
49.1
49.1
C
SCD = 4.9 k
D
SDC = 4.9 k
Cy = 18.77 k
Support Reactions
1 5 k/ft
1.5
30 k
D
B
32.75 k
C
18.77 k
51
Support Reactions
1.5 k/ft
30 k
A
39 2 kkft
39.2
f
13.38 k
D
B
32.75 k
C
18.77 k
The reactions at the fixed support A are equal to the shear and
moment at the end A of member AB.
Ay = S AB = 13.38 k
M A = M AB = 39.2 k ft
52
Support Reactions
1.5 k/ft
30 k
24.4 kft
A
39 2 kkft
39.2
f
13.38 k
D
B
32.75 k
C
18.77 k
4.9 k
The reactions at the fixed support D equal the shear and moment
at end D of the member CD.
D y = S DC = 4.9 k
M D = M DC = 24.4 k ft
53
Equilibrium Check
1.5 k/ft
30 k
24.4 kft
A
39 2 kkft
39.2
f
13.38 k
D
B
32.75 k
C
18.77 k
4.9 k
Checks
+ MD = 0
Checks
54
Shear Diagram
30 k
1.5 k/ft
24.4 kft
39 2 kkft
39.2
f
32.75 k
13.38 k
18.77 k
4.9 k
13.38
4.9
F
8.92 ft
13 87
13.87
16.62
55
Moment Diagram
30 k
1.5 k/ft
24.4 kft
39 2 kkft
39.2
f
32.75 k
13.38 k
18.77 k
4.9 k
B
F
24.4
D
39
39.2
2
49.1
1
49
71.7
56
30 k
1.5 k/ft
24.4 kft
39.2 kft
32.75 k
16.13
13.38 k
13.38
18.77 k
4.9 k
4.9
F
8 92 ft
8.92
13.87
16.62
89.7
20.5
A
B
F
24.4
D
39.2
49.1
71.7
57
D
B
MCD = wa2/2
Actual Beam
a
w
D
C
SCD = wa
wa
wa2/2
Actual Beam
A
B
59
Example 1
Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the two
twospan
span continuous beam shown in Figure.
Figure
18 k
2 k/ft
B
A
10 ft
15 ft
C
30 ft
EI = constant
60
Solution
1. Degree of Freedom
We can see that only joint B of the beam is free to rotate.
rotate Thus,
Thus the
structure has only one degree of freedom, which is the unknown
joint rotation, B.
18 k
2 k/ft
B
B
10 ft
15 ft
30 ft
EI = constant
61
2. FixedEnd Moments
By using the fixedend moment expressions given inside the back
cover of the book,, we evaluate the fixedend moments due to the
external loads for each member.
FEM AB
or + 64.8 k-ft
k ft
FEM BA
Pa 2b 18(10 ) (15)
= 2 =
= 43.2 k ft
2
L
25
or 64.8 kk-ft
ft
FEM BC
wL2 2(30 )
=
=
= 150 k ft
12
12
FEM CB = 150 k ft
or + 150 k-ft
or 150 k-ft
3. Chord Rotations
Since no support settlements occur, the chord rotations of both
members are zero;; that is,, AB = BC = 0.
4. SlopeDeflection Equations
To relate the member end moments to the unknown joint rotation,
B, we write
it the
th slope
l
d fl ti equation
deflection
ti for
f the
th two
t members
b off
the structure by applying Eq. (9).
M nf
2 EI
(2 n + f 3 ) + FEM nf
=
L
(9)
4. SlopeDeflection Equations
SlopeDeflection Equation for Member AB
M AB
2 EI
2EI
( B ) + 64.8 = 0.08EI B + 64.8
=
25
(1)
M BA
2 EI
(2 B ) 43.2 = 0.16 EI B 43.2
=
25
(2)
M BC
2 EI
(2 B ) + 150 = 0.133EI B + 150
=
30
(3)
M CB
2 EI
( B ) 150 = 0.0667 EI B 150
=
30
(4)
64
5. Equilibrium Equations
Th free
The
f
b d diagram
body
di
off joint
j i t B is
i shown
h
i Figure.
in
Fi
18 k
2 k/ft
B
18 k
MBA
MAB
MBA
2 k/ft
MCB
B
MBC
MBC
Member
b
end
d moments, which
h h are assumed
d to be
b
in
counterclockwise direction on the ends of members, must be
pp
in ((opposite)
pp
) clockwise direction on the free bodyy of the
applied
joint in accordance with Newtons Third Law.
65
5. Equilibrium Equations
The free body diagram of joint B is shown in Figure.
18 k
MBA
MAB
MBA
2 k/ft
MCB
B
MBC
MBC
M BA + M BC = 0
(5)
66
6. Joint Rotations
To determine the unknown joint rotations, B, substitute the slope
deflection equations
q
((Eqs.
q 2 & 3)) into the equilibrium
q
equation
q
((Eq.
q
5).
67
or
101.5 k-ft
or
174.3 k-ft
18 k
2 k/ft
/
B
35.6
101.5
101.5
101.5
101.5
174.3
101.5
9.84
101.5
101.5
B
101.5
101
5
27.57
174.3
32.43
69
9. Support Reactions
The reactions at the fixed support A and C are equal to the forces
and moments at the ends of the members connected to these
joints. To determine the reaction at roller support B, consider the
equilibrium of the free body of joint B in the vertical direction.
ANS
18 k
9.84 27.57
2 k/ft
B
A
35.6
8.16
101.5
9.84
101.5
37.41
101.5
B
101.5
27.57
174.3
32.43
70
9. Support Reactions
The support reactions are shown in figure below.
18 k
2 k/ft
/
B
174 3 kft
174.3
35 6 kkft
35.6
ft
37.41 k
8.16 k
32.43 k
71
C
174.3 kft
35.6 kft
37.41 k
8.16 k
32.43 k
+ Fy = 0
8.16 18 + 37.41 2(30) + 32.43 = 0
Checks
72
C
174.3 kft
35.6 kft
37.41 k
8.16 k
10 ft
32.43 k
15 ft
30 ft
+ MC = 0
35.6 8.16(55) + 18(45) 37.41(30 ) + 2(30 )(15) 174.3 = 0.2 0 Checks
73
C
174.3 kft
35.6 kft
37.41 k
8.16 k
32.43 k
27.57
8.16
A
16.2 ft
E
9.84
32.43
74
C
174.3 kft
35.6 kft
37.41 k
8.16 k
32.43 k
88 7
88.7
46
A
B
D
35.6
101.5
174.3
75
Example 2
Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the continuous beam shown in Figure.
Figure
60 kN
15 kN/m
A
D
B
10 m
C
5m
2I
5m
2I
EI = 200 GPa
I = 700 (106) mm4
76
Solution
From figure we can see that all three joints of the beam are free to
rotate Thus the beam have 3 degrees of freedom,
rotate.
freedom A, B, D.
The end supports
pp
A and D of the beam are simple
p supports
pp
at
which no external moment is applied, the moments at the end A of
the member AB and at the end D of the member BD must be zero.
60 kN
15 kN/m
A
D
B
MBA
A
MAB = 0
C
MDB = 0
D
B
MBD
77
Solution
The ends A and D can be considered as hinged ends and the
modified slope
slopedeflection
deflection equations can be used.
used
FEM hr
3EI
( r ) + FEM rh
M rh =
L
2
M hr = 0
(15a )
(15b )
The modified SDE do not contain the rotations of the hinged ends,
by using these equations the rotations A, and D of the simple
supports can be eliminated,
eliminated which will then involve only one
unknown joint rotation, B.
60 kN
15 kN/m
A
D
B
78
1. Degree of Freedom
B
2. FixedEnd Moments
15(10)
=
= 125 kN m
12
2
FEM AB
or + 125 kN-m
FEM BA = 125 kN m
or 125 kN-m
kN m
60(10 ) 15(10 )
=
+
= 200 kN m
8
12
2
FEM BD
or + 200 kN-m
FEM DB = 200 kN m
or 200 kN-m
60 kN
15 kN/m
D
B
C
79
3. SlopeDeflection Equations
Si
Since
b th members
both
b
off the
th beam
b
h
have
one end
d hinged,
hi d we use
Eqs. 15 to obtain the slopedeflection equations for both members.
M AB = 0
ANS
M BA
3EI
125
( B ) + 125
=
= 0.3EI B 187.5
10
2
(1)
M BD
3E (2 I )
200
( B ) + 200 +
=
= 0.6 EI B + 300
10
2
(2)
M DB = 0
ANS
60 kN
15 kN/m
D
B
C
80
4. Equilibrium Equations
By considering the moment equilibrium of the free body of joint B,
we obtain the equilibrium
q
equation
q
MBA
B
MBD
M BA + M BD = 0
(3)
5. Joint Rotation
To determine the unknown joint rotation B we substitute the SDE
((Eqs.
q 1 &2)) into the equilibrium
q
equations
q
Eq.
q 3 to obtain
81
6. Joint Rotation
or
225 kN-m
ANS
ANS
97.5 127.5
15 kN/m
15 kN/m
B
A
225
97.5
52.5
225
225
225
127.5
By = 225
82.5
60 kN
15 kN/m
A
D
B
52.5 kN
C
225 kN
82.5 kN
83
D
B
52.5 kN
C
225 kN
82.5 kN
+ Fy = 0
52.5 15(20 ) + 225 60 + 82.5 = 0
Checks
+ MC = 0
52.5(20 ) + 15(20 )(10 ) 225(10 ) + 60(5) = 0
Checks
84
D
B
52.5 kN
C
225 kN
82.5 kN
127.5
52.5
52.5
E
16.2 ft
C
7.5
3.5 m
97.5
82.5
85
D
B
52.5 kN
C
225 kN
82.5 kN
225
91.88
D
C
225
86
Example 3
Determine the member end moments and reactions for the three
span continuous beam shown,
shown due to the uniformly distributed
load and due to the support settlements of 5/8 in. at B, and 1.5 in.
at C, and in. at D.
2 k/ft
A
D
B
20 ft
f
C
20 ft
f
20 ft
EI = 29,000 ksi
I = 7,800 in.4
87
Solution
1. Degree of Freedom
Four joints of the beam are free to rotate,
rotate we will eliminate the
rotations of simple supports at ends A and D and use the modified
SDE for member AB and CD respectively.
The analysis will involve only two unknown joint rotations, B and
C.
2 k/ft
A
D
B
88
or + 66.7 k-ft
or 66.7 k-ft
k ft
3. Chord Rotations
The specified support settlements are shown on a exaggerated
scale.
2 k/ft
A
D
B
A
C
C
B
AB
5
in.
8
BC
D
3
in.
4
1
1 in.
2
CD
C
D
89
3. Chord Rotations
2 k/ft
A
D
B
20 ft
20 ft
5
in.
8
BC
0.0521
= 0.0026
20
20 ft
C
B
AB
AB =
BC
D
3
in.
4
1
1 in
i .
2
CD
0.0729
=
= 0.00365
20
CD =
1.5 0.75
= 0.00313
(12)20
90
4. Slopedeflection Equations
M AB = 0
M BA =
3EI
( B + 0.0026) 100 = 0.15EI B + 0.00039 EI 100
10
M BC =
2 EI
[2 B + C 3( 0.00365)] + 66.7
20
M CD
2 EI
[2 C + B 3( 0.00365)] 66.7
=
20
ANS
(1)
(2)
(3)
3EI
( C 0.00313) + 100 = 0.15EI C 0.00047 EI + 100
=
20
(4)
M DC = 0
ANS
91
5. Equilibrium Equations
MBA
M BA + M BC = 0
B
MBC
MCB
M CB + M CD = 0
(5)
MCD
((6))
6. Joint Rotations
By substituting the slopedeflection equations (Eqs. 1 4) into the
equilibrium equations (Eqs. 5 & 6), we obtain
6. Joint Rotations
(7)
(8)
EI B = 6,268.81 k ft 2
EI C = 1,131.57.81 k ft 2
7. Member End Moments
To compute the member end moments, substitute the numerical
p
equations
q
values of EIB and EIC back into the slopedeflection
(Eqs. 1 4) to obtain
93
or
427 k-ft
ANS
M BC = 427 k ft
ANS
M CB = 808 k ft
ANS
M CD = 808 k ft
or
808 k-ft
ANS
41.38
2 k/ft
B
A
1.38
427.7
41.38
2 k/ft
808
C
427.7
81.79
By = 123.17
123 17
20.4
41.79
808
2 k/ft
C
41.79
Cy = 62.19
20.4
60.4
94
41.38
2 k/ft
B
A
1.38
427.7
41.38
20.4
41.79
808
2 k/ft
2 k/ft
808
C
427.7
81.79
41.79
By = 123.17
123 17
Cy = 62.19
20.4
60.4
2 k/ft
k/f
A
1.38 k
D
B
123.17 k
62.19 k
60.4 k
95
1.38 k
123.17 k
62.19 k
60.4 k
81.79
41.79
A
1.38
D
B
C
20.4
41.38
60.4
96
1.38 k
123.17 k
62.19 k
60.4 k
808.2
D
B
427.6
97