LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

Differentiation
1. [STPM ]
Differentiate with respect to x and simplify your answer as far as possible:
x2 x + 1
,
x2 + x 1
(b) e2x [2 cos(3x) 3 sin(3x)].
(a)

[Answer : (a)

2x(x 2)
; (b) 13e2x cos(3x)]
(x2 + x 1)2

2. [STPM ]
Differentiate with respect to x and simplify your answer as far as possible:
cos x + sin x
,
cos x sin x
(b) xn loge x.
(a)

[Answer : (a)

2
; (b) xn1 (1 + n ln x)]
1 sin 2x

3. [STPM ]
dy
where
dx
i. y = (2x 1)3 (3x + 2)4 and express your result in the form of its factors,
ii. y = e3x (2 cos 2x + 3 sin 2x).
1
1
(b) If x = t and y = 2t + , where t is a non-zero parameter, prove that
t
t
(a) Find

dy
3
=2 2
.
dx
t +1
Deduce that 1 <

dy
< 2.
dx
[Answer : (a) (i) 42x(2x 1)2 (3x + 2)3 ; (ii) 13e2x sin 2x]

4. [STPM ]
ln x
dy
Find the x-coordinate of the point on the curve y = 2 (x > 0) such that
= 0, and determine if it is a
x
dx
maximum or minimum point. Sketch the curve for x > 0. You can assume that y 0 when x .
[Answer : x =

e]

5. [STPM ]
1
tan3 x with respect to x, and express your answer in terms of tan x.
3
d2 y
dy
(b) Given y = aemx cos px, prove that
+ 2m
+ (m2 + p2 )y = 0.
2
dx
dx
1
dy
(c) Given y = ln(1 + x) x + x2 , show that
0 for all values of x > 1.
2
dx
(a) Differentiate x tan x +

[Answer : (a) tan4 x]

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

6. [STPM ]
Given that y =

cos x sin x
dy
d2 y
+ 2y
, show that
= 0.
2
cos x + sin x
dx
dx

7. [STPM ]
A curve with the equation y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e, where a, b, c, d, e are constants, has the following
characteristics:
(a) It is symmetrical about the y-axis,
(b) It passes through the point (2, 18) and has gradient zero at this point,
(c) y = 0 when x = 1.
Show that b = d = 0 and find the values of a, c and e. Sketch the curve and give the coordinates of its turning
points.
[Answer : a = 2, c = 16, e = 14]
8. [STPM ]

(a) Given that y = (x + 2)2 (3x 1)3 , find

(b) If y =

dy
as a product of its factors.
dx

ex
dy
+ (1 + x)2 y = 0.
, show that (1 + x2 )
1 + x2
dx
[Answer : (a) (x + 2)(15x + 16)(3x 1)2 ]

9. [STPM ]
The parametric equation of a curve are
x = a cos3 , y = a sin3
where a is a positive constant and 0 < 2.
Find the equation of the tangent at the point with the parameter . This tangent meets the axes at L and M .
Prove that the length of LM is independent of .
[Answer : y cos + x sin = a sin cos , LM = a]
10. [STPM ]
A spherical balloon is being inflated at a constant rate of 500 m3 s1 . Find the rate of increase in the total
surface area of the balloon when its radius is 20 m.
[Answer : 50]
11. [STPM ]
Given that y = e2x sin(x + ), where and are constants, verify
d2 y
dy
+4
+ 5y = 0.
dx2
dx
12. [STPM ]
dy
= 0.
(a) For the curve y = sin x cos3 x, where 0 x , find the x and y coordinates of the points where
dx
Sketch this curve.
 2
1
dy
1
(b) For the curve y 2 = sin x cos3 x, where 0 x , show that
= cot x(cos2 x 3 sin2 x)2 on the
2
dx
4
condition that x 6= 0. Sketch the curve.
kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation


[Answer :

 


3 3
3 3

5
,
,
,0 ,
,
]
6 16
2
6
16

13. [STPM ]
A curve is given by its parametric equations
1
x = t2 , y = 1 , (t > 0).
t
The curve intersects the x-axis at P . Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at P .
[Answer : 2y x + 1 = 0]
14. [STPM ]
The parametric equations of a curve are x = t2 , y = t3 . Express
tangent to the curve at the point P (p2 , p3 ).

dy
in terms of t. Find the equation of the
dx

[Answer :

dy
3
= t ; 2y = 3px p3 ]
dx
2

15. [STPM ]

If y = 3x + sin x 8 sin
Deduce that


 
1
dy
1
x , find
and express your answer in terms of cos
x .
2
dx
2

dy
0 for all values of x.
dx


1
2

2

[Answer : 2 cos x 1

16. [STPM ]

(a) Find the equation of the asymptotes of the curve y =

x3
.
(x 2)(x + 1)

(b) Find the points where the curve intersects the axes, and find the stationary points on this curve.
(c) Sketch this curve.
(d) Find the values of k such that the equation (x 3) = k(x 2)(x + 1) does not have real roots.
1
9

[Answer : (a) x = 2, x = 1, y = 0 ; (b) (3, 0), (0, 1.5), (1, 1), (5, ) ; (d)

1
< k < 1]
9

17. [STPM ]
Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = x ln(1 + x) and sketch the curve.
[Answer : (0, 0)]
18. [STPM ]
1
(a) Find the points on the x-axis intersected by the curve y = x3 x2 2x. Find also the maximum and
2
minimum points, as well as any points of inflection on this curve.
(b) Sketch this curve.
(c) Find the value of k if the equation

1 3
x x2 2x = k has a repeated root, and state this root.
2

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

[Answer : (a) (0, 0), (1 + 5, 0), (1 5, 0) ;

2 20
2
44
Maximum point ( , ) , Minimum point (2, 4) , Point of inflection ( , ) ;
3 27
3
27
2
20
, repeated root= ]
(c) k = 4, repeated root=2; k =
27
3

19. [STPM ]
If y = etan x , show that
d2 y
dy
=
(1 + tan x)2 .
2
dx
dx
20. [STPM ]

is
Show that the equation of the normal to the curve y = tan 2x at the point where the x-coordinate is
3

3x + 24y = 24 3.
21. [STPM ]
The parametric equations of a curve are x = t2 2, y = t3 3. Find the equation of the normal to the curve at
the point where the parameter t = 2.
[Answer : x + 3y = 17]
22. [STPM ]
Differentiate with respect to x
(a) (x2 + 2x)ex

+2x

1 x2
,
(b)
1 + 2x
simplifying your answers.
[Answer : (a) 2(x + 1)3 ex

+2x

; (b)

3x2 + 2x + 1
3

(1 + 2x) 2

23. [STPM ]
Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the curve x2 y + xy 2 = 12 at the point (1, 4).
[Answer : 8x 7y = 36 ; 7x + 8y + 25 = 0]
24. [STPM ]
A curve has the equation y 2 = x2 (x + 3).
Show that the curve is symmetric about the x-axis.
Show that for all points on this curve, x 3.
Find coordinates of the turning points of this curve.
Sketch the curve. Show clearly the shape of the curve near the origin.
Find the area bounded by the loop of this curve.
[Answer : (2, 2), (2, 2) ; Area=

24
3]
5

25. [STPM ]
Two parallel sides of a rectangle respectively lengthen at a rate of 2 cm per second, while the other two parallel
sides shorten such that the area of the rectangle is always 50 cm2 . If, at the time t, the length of each lengthening
side is x, the length of each shortening side is y, and the perimeter of the rectangle is p, show that

dp
y
=4 1
.
dt
x
Find the rate of change in the perimeter when
kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

(a) x=5 cm,

(b) y=5 cm.

Show that the perimeter of the rectangle is the least when x = y = 5 2 cm.
[Answer : (a) 4 ; (b) 2]
26. [STPM ]
Differentiate with respect to x
2

(a) (2x3 + 1)ex ,

(b) ln(x2 ex ),
2

[Answer : (a) 2xex (2x3 + 3x + 1) ; (b)

2
1]
x

27. [STPM ]
x2
.
4
Write the equations of the asymptotes of this curve.

A curve has the equation y =

x2

Find the coordinates of the turning point on this curve, and determine if this is a maximum or minimum point.
Determine if there are any points of inflection on this curve.
Sketch this curve.
[Answer : x = 2, x = 2, y = 1 ; (0,0) is a local maximum point ; No points of inflexion]
28. [STPM ]
If y = ln(sin px + cos px), show that
d2 y
+
dx2

dy
dx

2

+ p2 = 0.

29. [STPM ]
Differentiate each of the following with respect to x.
(a) (x2 + 1)ex ,

(b) cos2 ( x).

[Answer : (a) (x 1)2 ex ; (b)

sin 2 x
]
2 x

30. [STPM ]
dy
x1
Find
if ey =
.
dx
3x

Determine the gradient of the curve y = ln

x1
3x


at the point where it intersects the x-axis.
[Answer :

2
; 2]
(x 1)(3 x)

31. [STPM ]
1
1
.
x2
x
Find the coordinates of the turning point of the curve, and determine if it is a maximum or minimum point.
A curve has the following equation y =

Sketch this curve.

The tangent to the curve at the point A(1, 0) meets the curve once again at the point B. Find the coordinates
of B.
kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation
1
4

[Answer : (2, ) is minimum point, B = (1, 2)]

32. [STPM ]
The equation of a curve is x2 y + xy 2 = 2. Find the equations of both tangents to the curve at the point x = 1.
[Answer : x + y = 2 ; y = 2]
33. [STPM]
If y = sin x, show that
4y 3

d2 y
+ y 4 + 1 = 0.
dx2

34. [STPM ]
Differentiate each of the following with respect to x.
(a) ex ln x3 ,
2x
(b)
.
1 + x4
[Answer : (a)

2x [(1 + x4 ) ln 2 4x3 ]
3ex
(1 x ln x) ; (b)
]
x
(1 + x4 )2

35. [STPM ]

dy

The variables x and y are connected by y x y x = 1. Find the values of y and

when x = 1.
dx
4
3

[Answer : 4 , ]
36. [STPM ]
The function f is defined by
f (x) = cos x +

1
cos 2x, 0 x 2.
2

(a) Find all values of x in the form of k, with k correct to one decimal place when f (x) = 0.
(b) Find all the pairs (x, f (x)) when f 0 (x) = 0.
(c) Sketch the graph f .
(d) State the range of f .


[Answer : (a) 0.4, 1.6 ; (b) 0,

3
2

 
 
 
 

1
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
, ,
, 2,
,
,
,
,
; (d) {y : y }]
2
2
3
4
3
4
4
2

37. [STPM ]
If y 2 = ln(x2 y) where x, y > 0,
(a) show that
(b) find

dy
2y
=
,
dx
x(2y 2 1)

dy
when y = 1.
dx
2
e

[Answer : (b) ]
38. [STPM ]
If x = sin3 2, y = cos3 2, find

dy
in terms of .
dx
kkleemaths.com

[6 marks]

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation
[Answer : cot 2]

39. [STPM ]
1
If y = (2ex 6x + 5) 2 , show that
d2 y
y 2+
dx

dy
dx

2

= ex .
[4 marks]

40. [STPM ]

Figure above shows a composite solid which consists of a cuboid and a semicylindrical top with a common face
ABCD.
The breadth and length of the cuboid is x cm and 2x cm respectively and its height is y cm. Given that the
total surface area of this solid is 2400 cm2 . Show that
1
[9600 (8 + 5)x2 ].
y=
24x
[3 marks]
3

If the volume of this solid is V cm , express V in terms of x. Hence, show that V attains its maximum when
40
x=
.
[9 marks]
4+
Find this maximum volume.
[3 marks]
[Answer : V =
41. [STPM ]
Find the gradient of the curve 2x2 + y 2 + 2xy = 5 at the point (2, 1).

1
64000
[9600x 2x3 8x3 ] ,
]
12
3 +4

[3 marks]

[Answer : -3]
42. [STPM ]
The parametric equations of a curve are
x = sec t tan t; y = cosec t cot t,
with 0 < t <

1
dy
1 + sin t
. Show that
=
.
2
dx
1 + cos t

[4 marks]

 
3
1
Tangent to the curve at the point A, with t = tan
, meets the tangent to the curve at the point B, with
4
 
4
t = tan1
, at point N . Find the coordinates of N .
[8 marks]
3
kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation


[Answer : N =


7 7
,
]
17 17

43. [STPM ]
The equation of a curve is
x2
.
3x + 2
Find the asymptotes and the stationary points of the curve.
y=

x2

[8 marks]

Sketch the curve.

[4 marks]
2

Determine the number of real roots of the equation k(x 1) (x 2) = x where k > 0.

[3 marks]

[Answer : Asymptotes are x = 1, x = 2, y = 1 ; 1 root]

44. [STPM ]

dy
Find
in terms of x if x = e t and y = et .
dx

[4 marks]

[Answer :

(ln x)2
2

ln x]

45. [STPM ]
The equation of a curve is y =

e2kx 1
where k is a positive constant.
e2kx + 1

dy
> 0 for all values of x.
dx
dy
d2 y
d2 y
(b) Show that
+ ky 2 = k. Hence, show that

0
for
x

0
and
0 for x 0.
dx
dx2
dx2
(c) Sketch the curve.
(a) Show that

[3 marks]
[8 marks]
[4 marks]

46. [STPM ]
Given that y =

sin kx
, where k is a positive integer, show that
1 + cos kx
sin kx

d2 y
= k2 y2 .
dx2
[6 marks]

47. [STPM ]
The graphs of y = x3 + ax2 + bx + c passes through (3, 21) and has stationary points when x = 2 and x = 2.
Find the values of a, b and c.
[5 marks]
Find the coordinates of these stationary points and determine if they are local extremums. Find also the point
of inflexion of the curve.
[7 marks]
dy
Determine the set of x so that
< 0.
[3 marks]
dx
[Answer : a = 0 , b = 12 , c = 12 ; (2,-28) is local minimum , (-2,4) is local maximum ;
point of inflexion is (0,-12) ; {x : 2 < x < 2}]

48. [STPM ]
A curve has parametric equations x = e2t 2t and y = et + t. Find the gradient of the curve at the point with
t = ln 2.
[5 marks]
[Answer :

kkleemaths.com

1
]
2

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

49. [STPM ]
A curve with equation y = x3 + px2 + qx + r cuts the y-axis at y = 34 and has stationary points at x = 3 and
x = 5. Find the values of p, q, and r.
[6 marks]
Show that the curve cuts the x-axis only at x = 1, and find the gradient of the curve at that point.

[7 marks]

Sketch the curve.

[2 marks]

[Answer : p = 12 , q = 45 , r = 34 ; 24]
50. [STPM ]
Given a curve with parametric equation
x = a(t 3t3 ), y = 3at2 ,
with a > 0 and t R.
Determine the values of t when the curve cuts the y-axis and sketch the curve.
 2  2
dx
dy
Show that
+
= a2 (1 + 9t2 )2 .
dt
dt

[4 marks]
[3 marks]

[Answer : t = 0,
51. [STPM ]
Find the equation of the normal to the curve x2 y + xy 2 = 12 at the point (3, 1).

3
3
,
]
3
3

[6 marks]

[Answer : y =

15
38
x
]
7
7

52. [STPM ]
Given that y = ex cos x, find

dy
d2 y
and
when x = 0.
dx
dx2

[4 marks]

[Answer :

dy
d2 y
= 1,
= 0]
dx
dx2

53. [STPM ]
Function f if defined by
f (x) =

2x
.
(x + 1)(x 2)

Show that f 0 (x) < 0 for all values of x in the domain of f .

[5 marks]

Sketch the graph of y = f (x). Determine if f is a one to one function. Give reasons to your answer.

[6 marks]

Sketch the graph of y = |f (x)|. Explain how the number of the roots of the equation |f (x)| = k(x 2) depends
on k.
[4 marks]
[Answer : f is not one to one function. If k 0, 1 root. If k < 0, 3 roots.]
54. [STPM ]
dy

If y = ln xy, find the value of

when y = 1.
dx

[5 marks]

[Answer :

1
]
e2

55. [STPM ]
2
A curve is defined by the parametric equations x = 1 2t, y = 2 + . Find the equation of the normal to the
t
curve at the point A(3, 4).
[7 marks]
The normal of the curve at the point A cuts the curve again at point B. Find the coordinates of B.
kkleemaths.com

[4 marks]

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation
[Answer : x + y + 1 = 0 ; B(1, 0)]

56. [STPM ]
cos x
dy
d2 y
If y =
, where x 6= 0, show that x 2 + 2
+ xy = 0.
x
dx
dx

[4 marks]

57. [STPM ]
1
Find the coordinate of the stationary point on the curve y = x2 + where x > 0; give the x-coordinate and
x
y-coordinate correct to three decimal places. Determine whether the stationary point is a minimum point or a
maximum point.
[5 marks]
[Answer : (0.794 , 1.890) , minimum]
58. [STPM ]
If y = x ln(x + 1), find an approximation for the increase in y when x increases by x.
Hence, estimate the value of ln 2.01 given that ln 2 = 0.6931.

[6 marks]

[Answer : 0.698]
59. [STPM ]
The function f is defined by f (t) =

4ekt 1
where k is a positive constant, t > 0.
4ekt + 1

(a) Find the value of f (0).

[1 marks]

(b) Show that f (t) > 0.

[5 marks]
2

00

(c) Show that k[1 f (t) ] = 2f (t) and hence show that f (t) < 0.

[6 marks]

(d) Find lim f (t).

[2 marks]

(e) Sketch the graph of f .

[2 marks]

[Answer : (a)

3
; (d) 1]
5

60. [STPM ]
If y =

dy
x
, show that x2
= (1 x2 )y 2 .
1 + x2
dx

[4 marks]

61. [STPM ]
Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve y =

x3
and determine their nature.
x2 1

Sketch the curve.

[10 marks]
[4 marks]

Determine the number of real roots of the equation x = k(x 1), where k R, when k varies.

[3 marks]

3 3

3 3
) is local min. , ( 3,
) is local max.
[Answer : (0, 0) is inflexion point , ( 3,

2
2

3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
1 real root for
<k<
, 2 real root for k =
, 3 real roots for k <
or k >
]
2
2
2
2
2

62. [STPM ]
sin x cos x
d2 y
dy
If y =
, show that
= 2y .
2
sin x + cos x
dx
dx

[6 marks]

63. [STPM ]
Show that the curve y =

x
is always decreasing.
[3 marks]
x2 1
Determine the coordinates of the point of inflexion of the curve, and state the intervals for which the curve is
concave upwards.
[5 marks]
Sketch the curve.

[3 marks]

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation
[Answer : (0, 0) ; (1, 0) (1, )]

64. [STPM ]
A curve is defined by x = cos (1 + cos ) , y = sin (1 + cos ).
(a) Show that


dx
d

2


+

dy
d

2
= 2(1 + cos ).
[4 marks]

65. [STPM ]
The line y + x + 3 = 0 is a tangent to the curve y = px2 + qx, where p 6= 0 at the point x = 1. Find the values
of p and q.
[6 marks]
[Answer : p = 3, q = 5]
66. [STPM ]
A curve is defined by the parametric equations
x=t

2
t

and y = 2t +

1
t

where t 6= 0.
5
1
dy
dy
=2 2
, and hence, deduce that <
< 2.
dx
t +2
2
dx
dy
1
(b) Find the coordinates of points when
= .
dx
3
(a) Show that

[8 marks]
[3 marks]

[Answer : (b) (-1,3) , (1,-3)]

67. [STPM ]
Given that u =
that

dy
1
1 x
(e + ex ), where x > 0 and y = f (u) is a differentiable function f . If
=
, show
2
2
du
u 1

dy
= 1.
dx

[5 marks]

68. [STPM ]
The functions f and g are defined by
f : x x3 3x + 2, x R.
g : x x 1, x R.
(a) Find h(x) = (f g)(x), and determine the coordinates of the stationary points of h.

[5 marks]

(b) Sketch the graph of y = h(x).

[2 marks]

1
(c) On a separate diagram, sketch the graph of y =
.
h(x)

[3 marks]

Hence, determine the set of values of k such that the equation

1
= k has
h(x)

i. one root,
ii. two roots,
iii. three roots.

[1 marks]
[1 marks]
[1 marks]

1
4

1
4

1
4

[Answer : (a) h(x) = x3 3x2 + 4 , (0,4) , (2,0) ; (c) (i) {k : k < 0, 0 < k < } ; (ii) {k : k = } ; (iii) {k : k > }]

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

69. [STPM ]

Given that y is differentiable and y x = sin x, where x 6= 0. Using implicit differentiation, show that


dy
d2 y
1
x2 2 + x
+ x2
y = 0.
dx
dx
4
[6 marks]

70. [STPM ]
The function f is defined by
f (x) =

ln 2x
, where x > 0.
x2

(a) State all asymptotes of f .

[2 marks]

(b) Find the stationary point of f , and determine its nature.

[6 marks]

(c) Obtain the intervals, where

i. f is concave upwards, and
ii. f is concave downwards.
Hence, determine the coordinates of the point of inflexion.

[6 marks]

(d) Sketch the graph y = f (x).

[2 marks]


1 12 2
e ,
is a maximum point.
2
e
(c)(i) (1.15, ) ; (ii) (0, 1.15) ; (1.15, 0.630)]

[Answer : (a) x = 0, y = 0 ; (b)

71. [STPM ]
Given that y = (2x)2x , find

dy
in terms of x.
dx

[4 marks]

[Answer : (2x)2x (2 + 2 ln(2x))]

72. [STPM ]
The function f is defined by
f (x) =

ex
, where x R,
1 + x2

(a) Show that

f 0 (x) =

ex (x2 + x + 1)
3

(1 + x) 2

.
[3 marks]

(b) Show that f is a decreasing function.

[4 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of f .

[2 marks]

73. [STPM ]
A curve is defined by the parametric equations x = ket cos t and y = ket sin t, where k is a constant.

(a) Show that

dx
dt

2


+

dy
dt

2

= 2k 2 e2t .

[4 marks]

74. [STPM ]
Find the equation of the normal to the curve with parametric equations x = 1 2t and y = 2 +
(3, 4).

2
at the point
t
[6 marks]

[Answer : y = x 1]

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

75. [STPM ]
A right circular cone of height a + x, where a x a, is inscribed in a sphere of constant radius a, such that
the vertex and all points on the circumference of the base lie on the surface of the sphere.
1
(a x)(a + x)2 .
3
(b) Determine the value of x for which V is maximum and find the maximum value of V .
(a) Show that the volume V of the cone is given by V =

[3 marks]
[6 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of V against x.

[2 marks]

1
1
a per minute.[4 marks]
(d) Determine the rate at which V changes when x = a if x is increasing at a rate of
2
10
[Answer : (b) x =

a 32 3
1
,
a ; (d) a3 ]
3 81
40

76. [STPM ]
Find the gradients of the curve y 3 + y = x3 + x2 at the points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.[6 marks]
[Answer : 0 , 1]
77. [STPM ]
The parametric equations of a curve are x = sin and y = 1 cos . Find the equation of the normal to the
1
curve at a point with parameter .
[7 marks]
2
[Answer : y = x +

]
2

78. [STPM ]
A curve is defined implicitly by the equation x2 + xy + y 2 = 3.
dy
2x + y
+
= 0.
dx x + 2y
(b) Find the gradients of the curve at the points where the curve crosses the x-axis and y-axis.
(a) Show that

[3 marks]
[5 marks]

(c) Show that the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve are (-1,2) and (1, -2).

[5 marks]

(d) Sketch the curve.

[2 marks]

[Answer : (b)

1
, -2]
2

79. [STPM ]
A rectangle with a width 2x is inscribed in a circle of constant radius r.
(a) Express the area A of the rectangle in terms of x and r.

(b) Show that the rectangle is a square of side r 2 when A has a maximum value.

[2 marks]
[5 marks]

[Answer : (a) A = 4x r2 x2 ]
80. [STPM ]
The graph of y = 2 cos x + sin 2x for 0 x 2 is shown below.

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

The points A and C are local extremum points. The points B, D, E and F are points of inflexion.
(a) Determine the coordinates of
i. the points of local extremum.
ii. the points of inflexion.

[5 marks]
[5 marks]

(b) State the intervals where the graph is concave upward.

[1 marks]

(c) Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curve and the x-axis.

[4 marks]




5
3 3
3 3
,
,C=
,
;
[Answer : (a) (i) A =
6 2
6  2





 
3

3
, 0 , D = (3.39, 1.45) , E =
, 0 , F = (6.03, 1.45) ; (b)
, 3.39
, 6.03 ; (c) 4]
(ii) B =
2
2
2
2


81. [STPM ]
The graph of y =

3x 1
is shown below.
(x + 1)3

The graph has a local maximum at A and a point of inflexion at B.

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

(a) Write the equations of the asymptotes of the graph.

[1 marks]

(b) Determine the coordinates of the points A and B.

Hence, state
dy
i. the set of values of x when
0,
dx
ii. the intervals where the graph is concave upward.
3x 1
, determine the set of values of k for which the equation
(c) Using the above graph of y =
(x + 1)3
k(x + 1)3 = 0

[9 marks]

i. has three distinct real roots,

ii. has only one positive root.

[1 marks]
[1 marks]

3x 1

[2 marks]
[1 marks]


5 27
,
;
3 128 

5
, ;
(i) {x : x < 1, 1 < x 1} ; (ii) (, 1)
3
1
(c) (i) {k : 0 < k < } ; (ii) {k : 1 < k 0}]
4

[Answer : (a) x = 1 , y = 0 ; (b) A 1,

1
4

,B

82. [STPM ]
The equation of a curve is y = x3 e32x .
(a) Find the stationary points on the curve, and determine its nature.

[7 marks]

(b) Sketch the curve.

[3 marks]

[Answer : (a) (0,0)=point of inflexion,


3 27
,
=local maximum]
2 8

83. [STPM ]
p
If y sin1 2x = 1 4x2 , show that
(1 4x2 )

dy
+ 4xy + 2y 2 = 0.
dx
[5 marks]

84. [STPM ]
Differentiate with respect to t
2

(a) (t2 1)et 1 ,

r
1
(b) ln 1 + .
t

[3 marks]
[3 marks]

[Answer : (a) 2t3 et

; (b)

1
]
2(t2 + 1)

85. [STPM ]
For the graph of y = 3x4 + 16x3 + 24x2 6,
(a) determine the intervals on which the graph is concave upward and concave downward,

[6 marks]

(b) find the points of inflexion,

[3 marks]

(c) determine the extremum point and its nature.

Hence, sketch the graph of y = 3x4 + 16x3 + 24x2 6.

[3 marks]

2
3

 

[Answer : (a) (, 2) , , 2,

2
3

[3 marks]

kkleemaths.com


; (b)

2 14
,
3 27


and (2, 10) ; (c) (0, 6) minimum]

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

8: Differentiation

86. [STPM ]
A continuous function f is defined by

x3 1,
1 x < 2,
f (x) =
1
(x 3)2 + c, 2 x 8,
2
where c is a constant.
(a) Determine the value of c.

[4 marks]

(b) Find the values of x such that f (x) = 0.

[3 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of f .

[3 marks]

(d) Find the maximum and minimum values of f .

[3 marks]

(e) State whether f is a one-to-one function or not. Give a reason for your answer.

[2 marks]

[Answer : (a) c =

15
15
; (b) x = 1, 3 + 15 ; (d) max=
, min=-5]
2
2

87. [STPM ]
The equation of a curve is y = x(x 2)3 .
(a) Find the set of values of x for which y 0.

[3 marks]

(b) Determine the extremum point and the points of inflexion on the curve.

[9 marks]

(c) Sketch the curve.

[3 marks]

[Answer : (a) {x : x 0, x 2} ; (b) Extremum=

kkleemaths.com

1
27
,
2
16


, Inflexion=(1, 1), (2, 0)]