Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
You can download back issues (2005 - 2010) of this newsletter at: http://hiv-prg.org/en/newsletters
Table of Contents:
BOOKS ................................................................................ 4
The White House and the World ............................................................................................. 4
Education under Attack 2010 .................................................................................................. 4
Developing Adult Literacy: Approaches to Planning, Implementing and Delivering Literacy
Initiatives ................................................................................................................................. 4
Nordic health care systems: Recent reforms and current policy challenges .......................... 5
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 28
Public Health Sciences for Human Security.......................................................................... 28
Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Disease Control Programmes.................. 28
Addressing the Sexual Vulnerability of Young Women in Africa........................................... 28
CONFERENCES................................................................ 29
AidData Conference .............................................................................................................. 29
CARTOON ......................................................................... 29
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Each day brings fresh evidence that Americans’ well-being is linked to the lives of others
around the world as never before. Accelerating advances in technology and the creation
of new knowledge offer undreamed-of opportunities. Yet global poverty, inequality, dis-
ease, and the threat of rapid climate change threaten our hopes. How will the next U.S.
president tackle these global challenges?
***
by Brendan O’Malley
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) February 2010
This book’s findings are disturbing. The sheer volume of attacks on education docu-
mented demonstrates that the demolition of schools and assassination of students and
teachers is by no means limited to supporters of the Taliban fighting in the hills of Af-
ghanistan. Education has been attacked in at least 31 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe
and Latin America over the past three years.
***
There are many different ways to manage adult literacy programmes. This book will help
those who plan and develop literacy initiatives make their decisions based on an under-
standing of ideas, values, and principles. It explains how to take into account the local
context, and the purposes of learners, the local community, and other key stakeholders.
***
This new comparative study, which also assesses the influence of the European Union
on the Nordic health systems, highlights how the Nordic countries have retained the
principles of universalism and equity while promoting the benefits of patient choice.
These insights will be a welcome addition for health sector policy-makers and for stu-
dents of health policy, not just in the Nordic countries but across Europe.
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
HIV - AIDS - STI
by David Garmaise
An Aidspan Report, 31 January 2010
The purpose of this report is to provide information to Global Fund applicants on key at-
tributes of a strong proposal. The report is based on an analysis of the strengths of all
approved Round 8 and 9 proposals, as identified by the Technical Review Panel (TRP)
when it reviewed the proposals. This report is also available in French, Spanish and
Russian at: http://www.aidspan.org/index.php?page=aidspanpublications
***
This document includes key principles and recommendations that are directed towards
policymakers, academics and health workers. The new recommendations call for earlier
initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for adults and adolescents, the delivery of more
patient-friendly antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), and prolonged use of ARVs to reduce the
risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. And, for the first time, WHO recommends
that HIV-positive mothers or their infants take ARVs while breastfeeding to prevent
transmission.
***
by Suzanne Filteau
Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 276-287, March 2009
A Handbook on Best Practices Regarding HIV and AIDS for People with
Disabilities
Services - Policy Advocacy - Programming
This series of Girls’ Success Mentoring Guides serve as road maps for mentors. They
provide ideas for helping girls as they go through school and become young adults. The
Guides are not meant to be read from start to finish. Instead, they are meant to be read
between mentoring sessions to help your planning. They are meant to give you basic in-
formation to share with girls, but just as importantly, to give you ideas about how to talk
with girls about issues that are important to them.
***
This resource guide highlights strategies to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS that ensure that
gender equality is promoted and protected as a key element. It also outlines tools,
checklists and guidelines on how to conduct gender and human rights audits and analy-
ses to inform HIV/AIDS policies, frameworks and their implementation.
***
Sex selection - in particular, the deliberate elimination of girls and women through abor-
tion, infanticide and neglect - has historically resulted in severely skewed population sex
ratios in a number of countries, especially in Asia. Over the last 15 years, UNFPA has
been engaged in bringing attention to the issue - starting in China and India but now
also in other countries - and is working with sister agencies such as WHO, UNICEF,
OHCHR and UNIFEM in addressing it.
***
Sex work and the 2010 FIFA World Cup: time for public health imperatives
to prevail
The 2010 FIFA World Cup presents a strategic opportunity for South Africa to respond
to the challenges that the sex industry poses in a strategic and rights-based manner.
Public health goals and growing evidence on HIV prevention suggest that sex work is
best approached in a context where it is decriminalised and where sex workers are em-
powered.
***
This report assesses the quality of sexuality counselling services provided by Family
Health Options Kenya (FHOK) in the context of their sexual and reproductive health
(SRH) services for young people. The report describes the content of sexuality counsel-
ling interventions offered and how it has been integrated into the broader SRH pro-
gramme. The study also documents the broader service delivery environment, including
the socio-cultural context and managerial context in which the counselling is provided.
***
Young people living with HIV may feel that sex is just not an option, but this need not be
the case. This guide is designed to support young people living with HIV to increase
sexual pleasure, improve health, and develop strong intimate relationships. It explores
how human rights and sexual well-being are related and suggests strategies to help
them make decisions about dating, relationships, sex and parenthood.
***
by Britt Herstad
Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1; November 2009
This report reviews Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) policies for sexual assault. Institu-
Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: the WHO global sur-
vey on maternal and perinatal health 2007-08
There has been concern about rising rates of caesarean section worldwide. This article
reports the third phase of the WHO global survey, which aimed to estimate the rate of
different methods of delivery and to examine the relation between method of delivery
and maternal and perinatal outcomes in selected facilities in Africa and Latin America.
The authors conclude that in order to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes, cae-
sarean section should be done only when there is a medical indication.
***
New paradigm old thinking: the case for emergency obstetric care in the
prevention of maternal mortality in Nigeria
***
Malaria
***
The ability to provide strategic, evidence-based advice for malaria control programmes
remains constrained by the lack of range maps of the dominant Anopheles vectors. The
authors describe how the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) has collated anopheline occur-
rence data to map the geographic distributions of the dominant mosquito vectors of hu-
man malaria. The plans for, and progress of, this initiative are described here.
***
by Francis E G Cox
Parasites & Vectors 2010, 3:5 (1 February 2010)
Our understanding of the malaria parasites begins in 1880 with the discovery of the
parasites in the blood of malaria patients. This article traces the main events and
stresses the importance of comparative studies in that, apart from the initial discovery of
parasites in the blood, every subsequent discovery has been based on studies on non-
human malaria parasites and related organisms.
Tuberculosis
South Africa remains the country with the greatest burden of HIV-infected individuals
and the second highest estimated TB incidence per capita worldwide. Within South Af-
rica, KwaZulu-Natal has one of the highest rates of TB incidence and an emerging epi-
demic of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Rate of incident TB in this population stabilises at a
rate higher than that of the overall population. These data highlight the need for greater
research on strategies for active case finding in rural settings and the need to focus on
strengthening primary health care.
***
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health concern. Inadequate case finding and case holding
has been cited as major barrier to the control of TB. The TB literature is written almost
entirely from a biomedical perspective, while recent studies show that it is imperative to
understand lay perception to determine why people seek treatment and may stop taking
treatment. Future interventions should be directed at improving attitudes and percep-
tions to potentially reduce stigma. This requires a patient-centered approach to em-
power TB patients and active involvement in the development and implementation of
stigma reduction programs.
***
Surgical debridement was the standard treatment for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection
(Buruli ulcer disease) until WHO issued provisional guidelines in 2004 recommending
treatment with antimicrobial drugs (streptomycin and rifampicin) in addition to surgery.
The authors investigated the efficacy of two regimens of antimicrobial treatment in M.
ulcerans infection and conclude that antimycobacterial treatment is effective in early,
limited disease.
***
Of Cattle, Sand Flies and Men: A Systematic Review of Risk Factor Analy-
ses for South Asian Visceral Leishmaniasis and Implications for Elimina-
tion
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a potentially deadly parasitic disease that affects 200,000
to 300,000 people per year in the Indian subcontinent, where an effort is currently un-
derway to eliminate the disease. Studies performed over the past decade have identi-
fied fairly consistent epidemiological patterns of risk factors for VL. Carefully designed
demonstration projects, taking into account the complex web of interconnected risk fac-
tors, are needed to provide direct proof of principle for elimination and to identify the
most effective maintenance activities.
***
Despite their significance, relatively little financial support has been provided to address
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), compared to the burden of ill health that they
cause. A “rapid-impact package” of four drugs is available that can simultaneously treat
the seven most common NTDs for between 40 cents and 80 cents per person per year.
Given the exceptional amount of good health that can be gained in the fight against
NTDs for such a small amount of money, an important global challenge is to spread the
rapid-impact package as fast as possible to all places where it can be of benefit.
Essential Medicines
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and World Health Organization, November (WHO),
November 2009
The study reveals a high failure rate among sampled antimalarials in all three countries,
based on quality control laboratory testing. The tests - performed by the respective
country partners - documented a sizeable proportion of sampled antimalarial medicines
failing to meet quality tests: 44% of samples in Senegal failed to meet specific quality
standards. The corresponding failure rates in Madagascar and Uganda were 30% and
26% respectively. These findings present an opportunity for the countries to take tar-
geted corrective actions, to continue to strengthen their quality assurance systems, and
to close loopholes that may exist in their current regulatory framework.
***
This monograph on selected medicinal plants describes their quality control and use. It
contains two parts: the first provides pharmacopoeial summaries for quality assurance
purposes; and the second describes the clinical applications of the plant material.
***
More than US$ 3 trillion is spent on health services each year. Such substantial funds
are an obvious target for abuse. The Good Governance for Medicines (GGM) pro-
gramme goal is to contribute to the health systems strengthening and prevent corruption
by promoting good governance in the pharmaceutical sector. The purpose of the na-
tional assessment is to provide countries with a comprehensive picture of the level of
transparency and potential vulnerability to corruption.
***
by Joseph J Amon
Globalization and Health 2008, 4:5 (27 February 2008)
Anecdotal accounts suggest that the promotion of unproven AIDS ‘cures’ and remedies
are widespread, and in the case of The Gambia, Iran and South Africa, have been pro-
moted by governments directly. Countries, charged with fulfilling the right to health and
committed to expanding access to ART must explicitly recognize their obligation to
combat unproven AIDS treatments and ensure the availability of a safe and efficacious
drugs supply. International donors must help support and coordinate these efforts.
***
The evidence cited in this report indicates that drug resistance is a large and growing
problem that contributes significantly to illness and death across the world. It has a par-
ticularly harsh impact on poor people in developing countries. Understanding how to
slow the emergence of drug resistance constitutes a vital, yet much underappreciated,
dimension of fulfilling the global commitment to ensure access to quality pharmaceutical
products.
***
by Charles Knox
HelpAge International, 2009
The Government of Zambia, via its Ministry of Community Development and Social Ser-
vices (MCDSS), has been running a set of pilot cash transfers to test which could best
form the basis of a national social protection system. This brief outlines the perceptions
of recipients, their families and the community towards the pension, and the impacts
which have been observed on areas such as nutrition, health, education and the local
economy.
***
***
by Javier Olivera
Society for the Study of Economic Inequality (ECINEQ), January 2010
Peru created the Private Pension system (SPP) in 1993, without dismantling its old de-
fined benefit system (the National Pension System, SNP). However, members of the
SPP (those who previously belonged to the SNP) realised that the expected or already
received benefits in the SPP were lower than those in the SNP. In order to correct
these effects, there have been many costly adjustments in the pension system.
***
by Naila Kabeer
Center for Social Protection, August 2009
This paper provides an overview of social protection strategies in the South Asian con-
text, focusing on Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka which together ac-
count for over 95% of the region’s population. It discusses the relationship between
economic growth and social development in these countries and their past efforts to
deal with poverty and vulnerability. It reviews some of the key interventions in the field of
social protection within the different countries and draws out a number of issues that
bear on the future evolution of these strategies.
Human Resources
The IMF, the Global Crisis and Human Resources for Health
by Fabien Lefrançois
Action for Global Health UK and the Stop AIDS Campaign
February 2010
This report seeks to assess whether IMF claims of greater flexibility translate into con-
crete changes and whether this, along with other factors, has helped create enough
space for countries to scale up health interventions and train, hire and retain adequate
numbers of health professionals to meet their needs.
***
In February 2009 WHO launched a new programme to increase access to health work-
ers in remote and rural areas through improved retention. The programme is an integral
part of WHO’s renewed efforts to strengthen health systems through a primary health-
care approach. The evidence-based recommendations, which are expected to be pub-
lished in May 2010, are being developed by a group of more than 30 international ex-
perts on health workforce rural retention. This report presents a synthesis of the presen-
tations and discussions held in plenary and working groups in the meeting.
***
“Quest for Quality” (116 pp. 2.5 MB) published in February 2009 pre-
sents and discusses a variety of experiences of faith-based organizations (FBOs) work-
ing in rural and remote areas of Anglophone Africa in dealing with human resources for
health (HRH). In order to facilitate the use of the cases presented in Quest for Quality, a
Guide to assist in structuring HRH discussion in order to come to appropriate solutions
has been developed. The guide is intended to be used in discussions among people
working in the field of HRH or who have tasks related to the management of health staff.
For those interested, Cordaid has a limited number of hard copies. Send a message to
ivb@cordaid.nl indicating how you intend to use the guidelines and they will send you a
copy by ordinary mail (do not forget to include your physical address).
***
The term ‘scaling up’ is now widely used in the international health literature, though it
lacks an agreed definition. The authors review what is meant by scaling up in the con-
text of changes in international health and development over the last decade. They ar-
gue that the notion of scaling up is primarily used to describe the ambition or process of
***
The EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Net-
work is a new international initiative seeking to improve the quality of scientific publica-
tions by promoting transparent and accurate reporting. The Network
(http://www.equator-network.org) provides resources and training relating to the report-
ing of health research and assists in the development, dissemination, and implementa-
tion of reporting guidelines.
***
Primary Health Care in the 21st century: primary care providers & people's
empowerment
5 pp. 60 kB:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/123278382/PDFSTART
The events and publications surrounding the 30th anniversary of Alma Ata, the Primary
Health Care (PHC) illustrate the durability of PHC values such as equity, self-
determination, participation, trans-sectoral collaboration and the right to health. Taking
into account recent transitions that are changing the relationship between primary care
providers and their patients, the authors examine the role providers can play in enhanc-
ing people’s individual and collective empowerment, an important but rather neglected
component of PHC.
***
4 pp. 71 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673609614987.pdf?i
d=40bade4753939e7f:62ef586:126c2dd0449:-793b1265989772325
Zimbabwe’s once proud achievements in health have been undermined over the past
20 years by increasing poverty, bad governance, poor economic policies, widespread
HIV/AIDS, and a weakened health system. Since the 1980s, Zimbabweans have been
systematically deprived of human rights, including the right to health. A new opportunity
now exists to rebuild the health-care system; its success will be contingent on firmly re-
establishing the principles of social justice, equity, and public participation.
by Martha J Garrett
This sourcebook has been prepared to support activities at International Maternal and
Child Health (IMCH), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala Univer-
sity. It is meant primarily as a reference for master’s students who have begun their
studies at IMCH during the autumn term 2009 but is also designed to help other master
and doctoral students in the unit, as well as the IMCH researchers and teachers.
***
by Tatum Anderson
TropIKA.net, 5 February 2010
There is a lot of hype surrounding ‘mHealth’ - the use of mobile phones in health care -
but where is the evidence that it works?
***
Online project management tools enhance productivity and transparency. Project man-
agement can easily become chaotic and not very efficient whether you are part of a
team or of an organization. If you were planning to enhance remote collaboration, an
Intranet or document management system was so far a good choice. Online project
management tools go beyond that and allow decentralized collaboration between co-
workers, thus project planning and implementation get more transparent and productive.
Education
***
Reviving the Global Education Compact: Four Options for Global Educa-
tion Funding
by Desmond Bermingham
Center for Global Development, February 2010
In this essay, the author describes the framework for a better “global education com-
pact” between donor and recipient nations and four possible arrangements to mobilize
and allocate development assistance for education. He highlight the advantages and
disadvantages of these options - all with the motivation of informing decisions that must
be taken by the United States and other G-20 countries if donor commitments are to be
met.
***
Children living in countries affected by conflict, fragility, or emergencies are less likely to
enrol, continually participate, and complete their basic schooling than their peers living
in more stable countries. Donors have failed to provide sufficient resources and support
to the education of children and youth in these fragile and conflict-affected states. This
Policy Outlook outlines seven challenges that need to be addressed and recommenda-
tions for a way forward for donors and the international community.
***
***
The main objective of this study was to explore the situation with regard to HIV and
AIDS in four selected teacher training institutes (TTIs) in Ethiopia, to analyze their re-
sponses to the pandemic and the measures taken to mitigate its impact. The ultimate
aim was to identify the obstacles, problems and challenges faced by the TTIs, and to put
forward evidence based recommendations for a more effective and coordinated re-
sponse.
***
According to the Global Hunger Index (GHI), the hot spots of hunger are in Sub-
Saharan Africa and South Asia. The report asks: Will the poverty and hunger MDG be
met? If it is, at least 800 million people will still be trapped in poverty and hunger in
***
The report illustrates the negative impacts of the global economic crisis on the progress
towards the Millennium Development Goals in the Asia-Pacific region and identifies op-
portunities for action - showing how countries of Asia and the Pacific can better protect
themselves from this and future crises.
***
The aim of this Guide is to inform national and international stakeholders on the defini-
tions, concepts, calculations and data sources for each of the new employment indica-
tors introduced in 2008 under MDG Target 1B. It also reinforces the existing indicator on
gender equality in the labour market under Goal 3. The purpose is to assist countries to
monitor and report effectively on their employment situation.
Using a new dataset for 41 German non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the au-
thors analyze the allocation of NGO aid across recipient countries in a Tobit regression
framework. By identifying for each NGO the degree of public refinancing, the authors
address the largely unresolved issue of whether financial dependence on the govern-
ment impairs the targeting of NGO aid.
***
The ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, and the arrival in Brussels of a new leadership
team, together provide an opportunity to re-invigorate European collaboration and col-
lective action in the realm of international development. This publication is the result of a
collaboration between 25 researchers from four of Europe’s leading think-tanks on in-
ternational development. They lay out an agenda for partnership with developing coun-
tries, and examine how actors in the EU system can work better together.
***
How the European Commission can take the lead in providing high-quality
budget support for education and health
Health for All Medical Glossary in English, Spanish, Kreyòl and French
English was just added to “Health for All Medical Glossary”, originally published by
MEDICC Review in Spanish, Creole and French. Developed for the Haitian graduates of
Cuba’s Latin American Medical School, the glossary - with over 4,000 words - assists
these committed young doctors on their return to Haiti - since they learned medicine in
Spanish, speak with their patients in Creole and compose clinical records in French.
***
In this paper, available information on the differential links between climate change and
the health of women and men has been collated and analyzed through the perspectives
of: (a) direct and indirect health consequences; and, (b) the possible interaction of bio-
logical and social risk factors in determining these impacts. The overall aim of this work
is to provide a framework for gendered health risk assessment and adaptation/mitigation
actions in relation to climate change.
***
Poor coordination and leadership during crises hamper humanitarian efforts even
though the global systems receive more funding and boast more manpower than a dec-
ade ago. A United Nations cluster system, in which UN agencies lead aid efforts in cer-
tain sectors with nongovernmental aid groups, has improved the overall situation, but
more and better communication with local groups would improve response.
***
The report offers the most comprehensive documentation to date of how ExxonMobil
has adopted the tobacco industry’s disinformation tactics, as well as some of the same
organizations and personnel, to cloud the scientific understanding of climate change
and delay action on the issue.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Innovation Flash - The Newsletter of the Microinsurance Innovation Facil-
ity, Issue 5, February 2010
This issue starts with an editorial from Craig Churchill, explains why Round 4 of the In-
novation grants focuses on health microinsurance, presents the Consulting and Capac-
ity Building (CCB) programme, and highlights News/Resources from the sector and a
few job opportunities.
***
MicroRisk is a new publication dedicated to the growing market for insurance to protect
the world’s low-income people. It covers microinsurance, policies that poor people can
buy for themselves and their families, and other insurance schemes that governments
and community organisations can use to benefit the poor.
***
The Southern Med Review is an independent, open access, not for profit,
peer reviewed journal which is published 2-3 times a year from Auckland,
New Zealand. Southern Med Review provides a platform for researchers to disseminate
To find out more and register for free access to Volumes 1-3 of the Journal go to:
http://emessage.sagepub.com/emessageirs/servlet/IRSL?v=4&l=6&r=11270&m=11991&e=2
http://www.inform-network.org/doku.php
INFORM provides onsite training in Africa, Asia, and the Newly Independent States re-
garding free, high-quality information accessible through the World Wide Web. Depend-
ing on the setting and topic, the training may be designed for researchers, students,
university teachers, clinicians, programme officers, or information specialists and librari-
ans.
***
http://www.ibpinitiative.org/knowledge_gateway.php
http://globalhealthedu.org/Pages/default.aspx
Language: English
For more information contact:
Tel.: +81-22-717-8021
Fax: +81-22-717-8198
mailto:Hstohoku-jimu@med.tohoku.ac.jp
or see http://human-security.jp/health/overview.html
***
This course focuses on the epidemiological assessment of disease burden and the im-
provement of programmatic planning and management. Attention is given to the re-
quirements for using GIS tools and how routine program data can be incorporated into
the GIS system. Special attention is given to using GIS tools for TB control programs,
but case studies related to malaria and other infectious diseases are also used.
Fees: € 1,440
***
The two-week course addresses issues, and emerging best practice in policy and pro-
gramming for sexual wellbeing. Participants will examine factors that prevent young
women from making healthy decisions and contribute to their exposure to HIV, sexual
violence and unwanted pregnancies.
CONFERENCES
AidData Conference
15 - 22 March, 2010
Oxford, UK
This conference will feature the public launch of AidData. AidData, the result of a merger
between the PLAID (Project-Level Aid) database and the AiDA (Accessible information
on Development Activities) database of the Development Gateway, tracks more than 1
million projects spanning 81 donor agencies and totalling more than US$ 4.1 trillion over
40 years.
For more information about AidData, go to http://www.aiddata.org/oxford/about
CARTOON
Those with Google accounts may have noticed the new Google
feature that was launched this past week. Google Buzz is the new
social networking tool from Google which allows you to view all of
your social networking statuses directly in your Gmail account. The product automati-
cally makes you a follower of those you e-mail and chat with the most, which could be
good or bad. Users are able to configure Buzz for their individual preferences or disable
the feature entirely!
***
You can make unlimited PC to Phone Calls with MediaRing Talk to the above men-
tioned 8 countries, but due to the fact that it is free, you are only allowed to speak for 10
minutes during each call. However, you have the option to immediately make another
call. The number of calls you can make is unlimited, and the time between calls is unlim-
ited. Therefore, the 10 minute limit really will not hinder your conversations at all. In or-
der to use MediaRing Talk all you need is a computer, an internet connection and a mi-
crophone (headset or loudspeakers).
Best regards,
Dieter Neuvians MD