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e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10, Issue 4, Ver. I (Jul - Aug .2015), PP 74-78
www.iosrjournals.org
I.
Introduction
Electrocardiography is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart. The Voltage versus
Time graph produced by this non invasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram which is a
time varying signal [1].
II.
Proposed Method
The useful information in an ECG signal is observed from the intervals and amplitude of the signal. To
estimate the condition of the heart, an ECG signal must be extracted from the noise i.e., an ECG signal must be
de-noised. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) de-noises the signal to some extent. To improve the quality of denoising, Hybrid Linearization Method is proposed in this paper which is a combination of Extended Kalman
Filter followed by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)[3] implemented using wavelet toolbox [7].
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10417478
www.iosrjournals.org
74 | Page
f
x
k , w k Ak x k x k Fk wk w k
y k g x k , v k C k xk x k Gk vk v k
(1)
Where x k the state vector, wk the state noise with zero mean and covariance matrices Qk E wk wk ,
T
the non linear dynamic, y k observation vector, v k the measurement noise with zero mean and covariance
matrices Rk E v k v k ,
T
given by
f x, w k
Ak
x
xk x k
f x k , wk
Fk
w
wk w k
g x, v k
Ck
x
(2)
xk x k
g x k , wk
Gk
v
vk v k
x k k 1 f x k 1k 1 ,0
T
Pk k 1 Ak Pk 1k 1 Ak Fk Qk FkT
x k k x k k 1 K k y k g x k k 1 ,0
K k Pk k 1C kT C k Pk k 1C kT GkT
(3)
Pk k Pk k 1 K k C k Pk k 1
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10417478
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75 | Page
Where
to y k 1 , and
observations
W j 0 , k
W j, k
1
M
1
M
f n n
(4)
j0 , k
f n n
j ,k
for 0
(5)
f n
1
M
W j0 , k j0 ,k n
k
1
M
W j, k n
j j0 k
j ,k
(6)
The DWT represents the temporal features of a signal at different resolutions, suitable to analyze the
ECG signals characterized by a cyclic occurrence of patterns with different frequency content. The DWT is
implemented on ECG signal using Wavelet toolbox. The wavelet toolbox is a collection of functions built on the
Matlab technical computing environment which provides tools for the analysis and synthesis of signals and
images using wavelets and wavelet packets within the framework of Matlab. The toolbox uses graphical
interactive tools which is a collection of graphical interface tools that afford access to excessive functionality.
C. Description Of The Algorithm
The algorithm used to de-noise an ECG signal is an efficient algorithm which uses Hybrid
Linearization
Hybrid linearization Method a combination of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Discrete Wavelet
Transform (DWT). It has the following procedure of de-noising an ECG signal: first an ECG signal is loaded
and Extended Kalman Filter is applied to it. The EKF linearize and de-noises the ECG signal to some extent.
Root mean square error is calculated from the output of the EKF. Then the signal is applied to the Discrete
Wavelet Transform using wavelet toolbox and then the output is calculated. The results from both EKF and
DWT can be compared.
Fig. 2. Describing the algorithm to de-noise and ECG signal using Hybrid Linearization Method
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10417478
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III.
Results
The experimental study of both the Extended Kalman Filter and Hybrid Linearization Technique which
is a combination of EKF and Discrete Wavelet Transform is carried out to evaluate the performance of the
proposed method. Let an ECG signal which is a combination of both original signal with noise which is to be
applied to the Extended Kalman Filter as shown in the figure-3:
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10417478
www.iosrjournals.org
77 | Page
IV.
Conclusion
Extended Kalman Filter removes the noise from an ECG signal by linearizing it. This process removes
the noise to some extent. This paper proposes Hybrid Linearization Method, a combination of Extended Kalman
Filter along with Discrete Wavelet Transform for the improvement of the de-noising of an ECG signal. The
results of this paper prove the applicability of the Hybrid Linearization Method to de-noise the ECG signals.
References
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[6].
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Channappa Bhyri, Kalpana V, S.T. Hamde and L.M. Waghmare, Estimation of ECG features using LabView, TECHNIAInternational Journal of Computing Science and Communication Technologies, VOL. 2, NO. 1, July 2009. (ISSN 0974-3375)
P. Davey, A new physiological method for heart rate correction of the QT-interval, in Heart, 1999, vol. 82,pp. 183-186
M. S. Grewal, A. P. Andrews, Kalman Filtering: Theory and Practice Using Matlab, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
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Mohammed Assam Ouali, K. Chafaa, Mouna Ghanai, L. M. Lorente, ECG de-noising using Extended Kalman filter, 2013
IEEE
M. Misiti, Y. Misiti, Wavelet Toolbox for using with Matlab, The MathWorks, 1996.
DOI: 10.9790/2834-10417478
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