United States History

Study Guide for Spring Semester Final (Messner)

American reasons for fighting in WW1
Zimmerman Notes legitimacy
Loyalty leagues
Espionage Act
Sedition Act
Liberty bonds
Food Administration
Cultural Anti-German actions
Selective Service
Committee on Public Information
League of Nations
Reasons for the rejection of the League of Nations
Dawes Plan (1924)
Red Scare/A. Mitchell Palmer
Harlem Renaissance
Federal Reserve
Washington Naval Conference
Kellogg-Briand Treaty
Immigration act of 1924
Sacco & Vanzetti case

Nineteenth Amendment
The Jazz Singer
Flappers
Jazz
Marcus Garvey
Scopes Trial (Inherit the Wind)
inherit the wind is the play we read in class
John Scopes was a bio teacher in tennessee-- accused of teaching theory of
evolution in class; tennessees policy was to teach the genesis
broke the law lol
convicted, but only fined $100; then conviction was thrown out
all public schools in US now at least teach theory of evolution and creationism
alongside each other
Henry Ford
Importance of radio (eg: War of the Worlds)
Development/impact of automobiles
19th Amendment/Female suffrage
Florida Land Boom
Policies of Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover
Imbalance of Resources
20s
the rich possessed a whole lot more than the poor
if the economy went blehhh, then only the very very rich would survive
Buying on margin
Oversupply of crops
Government Money Policy/Federal Reserve actions
Black Thursday

Black Tuesday
Volunteerism
Dust Bowl
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Emergency Relief Act
Agricultural Marketing Act
Hoovers tariff and Tax rises
hoovers inaction regarding depression
raise tariffs on foreign imports
if its too expensive to buy foreign goods, Americans will buy our
own imports (good for stimulating economy)
but other countries were like ok if youre doing this to us, well jack
up your prices too
lost many trading partners
pay for reconstruction-- raised taxes, but most people cant pay taxes bc 30%
unemployment and the wealthy didnt want to pay any taxes
FDIC
WPA
Social Security
National Labor Relations Board
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Tennessee Valley Authority
California Central Valley Project
a way to get water to farmers during depression
dug a canal from tahoe through central valley of CA
now CA can produce food and feed its inhabitants
Bonneville Lock and Dam

Securities and Exchange Commission

Court-Packing Plan
FDR added 6 new judges onto the supreme court so they can pass anything that I
want
bad because pres controlled white house, military, etc, and added control over
supreme court, hes basically a dictator (people were not fond of that at all)
Four Freedoms Speech
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
Rise of Dictatorships in Germay and Italy
Spanish Civil War
hitler and mussolini were backing franco (fascist leader in Mexico)
test of USAs neutrality
important bc it changed our neutrality policies
in 1936, we will not lend any money to a country in a civil war and a war against
another country
American Neutrality: Real or Imagined?
Manhattan Project
Korematsu vs. US
Women in WW2
home front volunteering
military activities
manufacturing
Rosie the Riveter
obstacles to acceptance
U.S. & the Holocaust
Taft-Hartley Act
Interstate Highway System
Cold War
Marshall Plan

Iron Curtain
Containment
Truman Doctrine
National Security Act & its various parts
CIA & its abilities
NATO
Warsaw Pact
National Defense Education Act
put a whole lot more money into teaching these subjects: science, math, foreign
languages, geography, and librarianship
eisenhower was like oh shit we better up our educational games bc russia
Desegregation of defense industry
Roosevelt integrated defense industry 1941
Desegregation of military
1948 truman looked at contributions of nonwhite troops
thoguht that there was no reason for segregation in military
truman just said that this would be the way it would be, no law passed
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board
Jim Crow
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
mlk was arrested for doing a nonviolent protest against jim crow laws
mlk writes a letter from the jail
heres why we AAs have to protest to get our rights
if we are told wait, it means never
if there is an unjust law in the rulebook, we dont have to obey it
I Have A Dream speech
want what was said to be implemented into society-- we hold these truths to be
self-evident; that all men are created equal
significant bc most of it was IMPROVISED

Civil Rights Act of 1964

banned discrimination in public accommodations
outlawed unequal voting requirements
banned discrimination in employment based on race, color, gender, religion,
national origin
established equal employment opportunity commission
applied federal power to speed integration of schools and other public facilities
Voting Rights Act of 1965
allowed everyone to vote by taking OUT literacy tests
federal workers were allowed to vote
grandfather clause to prove you were not descended from slaves
24th Amendment
banned taxation in voting since AAs were poor and it wasnt constitutional to do
so-- cant force people to pay in order to vote
Bakke v. UC Regents
you can consider their gender, race, ethnicity, other stuff as only one factor,
cannot fully determine acceptance
Affirmative Action
positive discrimination
meant to break down social barriers to level the playing field for everyone and
make sure they are given an equal break
Proposition 209
you could not admit people to colleges or to public jobs based on gender, race,
ethnicity, other stuff
no more affirmative action
Bay of Pigs
American attempt to overthrow new communist government in Cuba led by Fidel
Castro by training and sending Cuban rebels
ended up sucking bc lack of support from americans
supposed to be secret, but NY times published it in their newspaper
american is embarrassed
Castro pleads for USSR help (Cuban Missile Crisis)
The Feminine Mystique
girls and wives during the time were supposed to dream of being the optimum
housewife
housewives were bored and dissatisfied and felt empty doing normal american
housewife things, as they were more educated than in the past
Cuban Missile Crisis
soviet missiles were placed in cuba as a response for help
increased tensions between USSR and USA
result: hotline established between USA and cuba to avoid any accidents
JFK wanted missiles to be removed and called for a naval blockade of the island

 USSR leader Khrushchev agreed to us demands (of removing missiles) a week

later
SNCC
Student nonviolent coordinating committee
launched student sit-ins at lunch counters in the south that were reserved for write
customers only (1960-61)
students were usually harassed by whites and arrested by police
police stand by watching as white hooligans beat the crap out of
the black students
Stokely Carmichael
took over sncc in 60s
weve been nonviolent long enough, we need to be able to protect ourselves
black power
eventually all white people were expelled from sncc
became scc because no more nonviolence
Black Panthers
a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization founded in 1966 and
based in Oakland, California
practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the US govt, and
fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community
based programs
one of the first organizations in US to militantly struggle for ethnic minority and
working class emancipation
Black Panthers Ten-Point- Program
we want freedom, we want power to determine the destiny of our black
community
we want full employment for our people
we want an end to the robbery by the capitalists of our black community
we want decent housing fit for the shelter of other human beings
we want education for our people that exposes the true nature of the decadent
american society. we want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the
present-day society
we want all black men to be exempt from military service
we want an immediate end to police brutality and murder of black people
we want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county, and city prisons
and jails
we want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of
their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the constitution of
the united states
we want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace.
Malcolm X/Nation of Islam
opposite of MLK- believed in violence as a means to get what blacks are fighting
for

black power
disagreed with non-violence bc it got people nowhere
believed JFK deserved to be assassinated- was censured on national television
after TV censure he made a pilgrimage to Mecca (like all good muslims do.
met muslims of all races (he was told in nation of islam that all
muslims must be black)
changed his mind about racial segregation
assassinated in 1965 by black muslim members who thought him a traitor
Civil disobedience
related to letter from a birmingham jail
a groups refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral (as in
protest against discrimination)
Ho Chi Minh
went to versailles after ww1; told to get lost
tried to meet us after ww2; told to get lost
got back up from russia and china, aka the communist bloc
leader of north vietnam
Viet Minh
indochinese force who had fought for the allies against Japan in ww2
led by Ho Chi Minh
Dien Bien Phu
french fought against VietMinh to keep control over IndoChina
totally lost to Ho Chi Minhs forces at Dien Bien Phu
Geneva Accords
the set of documents produced at the Geneva Conference (1954) in Versailles after
the French Defeat in 1954
UN split Vietnam into north(communist) and south (democratic)
arranged for a nationwide election
Vietnam never had a nationwide election because the communist party probably
would have won
Ngo Dinh Diem
president of SV
why was he such a poor choice?
catholic in a buddhist country (took away their rights)
spent most of his life in france
lots of corruptions in his government
he put these people in office (including his wife and his brother)
Viet Cong
vietnamese communists under leadership of President Ngo Dinh Diem
the guerilla force that fought against SV and the US with the help of the NVA
Domino theory
the theory that said a communist victory in one nation would quickly spread to
other countries and lead to a chain reaction of communist takeovers in neighboring states

Gulf of Tonkin Incident & Resolution

1964 there were 2 Us destroyers by North vietnam
allegedly attacked by NV (no casualties, no physical evidence)
barraged nv coast for a while
LBJ got a resolution through congress (president has the right to do anything to
keep of us from getting attacked by anything)
including the use of napalm, bombing, nikes, gasing, ground troops
Operation Rolling Thunder
US military aircraft attacked targets throughout North Vietnam from March 1965
to October 1968
Conscientious objectors
a person with moral or conscientious reasons to not serve in the military
Teach-ins
University students and teachers who taught classes on the Vietnam war and
protested against its expansion
Problems for American forces in Vietnam
VC did not wear uniform and ran covert operations against the US in SV-- no way
to identify them
US troops did not know the local geography or language, so locating the VC and
NV troops was difficult (there were also a bunch of places with the same name)
Tet Offensive
january 1968 (vietnamese New year)
nv and vc attacked pretty much everything in SV all at once including the
American Embassy in SV
important bc (we won): we were told for three years that we were winning, but
then how come we got attacked like that?
walter cronkite said on national television that we need to totally rethink
everything
LBJ: if we lose cronkite, we lose the nation
Vietnamization
nixon pulled american troops out of vietnam as they gradually taught the south
vietnamese how to defend themselves and eventually take full responsibility for their own
defense
My Lai Massacre
An american troop massacred a bunch of innocent people (mainly women and
children) in the town of my lai
created more opposition for the vietnamese war
showed that US troops sucked at
War Powers Act
president can send the armed forces into combat without congressional permission
only for 60 days, and must ask congress to pay for them there
if yes, they stay and fight

if no, given 30 days to retreat