UCCD1013 - Analysis and

Design of Information
Systems
Lecture 1: The Systems Development Environment
Ms.Manoranjitham A/P Muniandy
NG-033 manoranm@utar.edu.my

Introduction

Information Systems Analysis and Design

 Complex

organizational process.
 Used to develop and maintain computerbased information systems.
 Used by a team of business and systems
professionals.

Chapter 1

Introduction (cont.)

FIGURE 1-1 An organizational approach to systems analysis and

design is driven by methodologies, techniques, and tools

Application Software

Application Software
 Computer

software designed to support

organizational functions or processes.

Systems Analyst
 Organizational

role that is most responsible

for analysis and design of information
systems.

Chapter 1

Types of Information Systems

and Systems Development

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

 Automate

handling of data about business

activities (transactions)
 Process orientation

Management Information Systems (MIS)

 Converts

raw data from transaction

processing system into meaningful form
 Data orientation
Chapter 1

Types of Information Systems

and Systems Development (Cont.)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

 Designed

to help decision makers

 Provides interactive environment for decision
making
 Involves data warehouses, executive
information systems (EIS)
 Database, model base, user dialogue

Chapter 1

Developing Information Systems

System Development Methodology is a

standard process followed in an
organization to conduct all the steps
necessary to analyze, design, implement,
and maintain information systems.

Chapter 1

Systems Development Life

Cycle (SDLC)

Traditional methodology used to develop,

maintain, and replace information systems.
Phases in SDLC:
 Planning
 Analysis
 Design
 Implementation
 Maintenance

Chapter 1

Standard and Evolutionary Views

of SDLC
FIGURE 1-2
The systems
development life
cycle

Chapter 1

Systems Development Life Cycle

(SDLC) (Cont.)
Planning an organizations total
information system needs are identified,
analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.

Analysis system requirements are
studied and structured.

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10

Systems Development Life Cycle

(SDLC) (Cont.)
Design a description of the
recommended solution is converted into
logical and then physical system
specifications.

Logical design all functional features of
the system chosen for development in
analysis are described independently of
any computer platform.

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11

Systems Development Life Cycle

(SDLC) (Cont.)

Physical design the logical

specifications of the system from logical
design are transformed into the
technology-specific details from which all
programming and system construction can
be accomplished.

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12

Systems Development Life Cycle

(SDLC) (Cont.)
Implementation the information system
is coded, tested, installed and supported in
the organization.

Maintenance an information system is
systematically repaired and improved.

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13

The Heart of the Systems Development

FIGURE 1-8
Process
The heart of systems development

FIGURE 1-7
The analysisdesigncodetest loop

Current practice combines analysis, design, and implementation

into a single iterative and parallel process of activities
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14

Traditional Waterfall SDLC

One phase begins
when another
completes, little
backtracking and
looping

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15

Problems with Waterfall Approach

System requirements locked in after
being determined (can't change).

Limited user involvement (only in
requirements phase).

Too much focus on milestone deadlines of
SDLC phases to the detriment of sound
development practices.

Chapter 1

16

Different Approaches to Improving

Development
Computer-Aided Software Engineering
(CASE) Tools

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

Service Oriented Architecture

Chapter 1

17

Computer-Aided Software
Engineering (CASE) Tools

CASE tools are used to support wide variety of

SDLC activities.
Types of Case Tools:
 Analysis

tools automatically check for consistency,

completeness and correctness in diagrams, forms,
and reports.
 Central repository enables the integrated storage of
diagrams, reports, and project management
specifications.
 Code generators enable automatic generation of
programs and database code directly from design
documents, diagrams, forms, and reports.
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18

CASE Tools (Cont.)

A class diagram from IBMs Rational Rose

Chapter 1

19

Rapid Application Development

(RAD)

Methodology to radically decrease design and

implementation time.
Involves: extensive user involvement,
prototyping, JAD sessions, integrated CASE
tools, and code generators.
JAD session:
 Structured

process involves users, analysts, and

managers
 Several day intensive workgroup sessions
 Purpose: to specify or review system requirements

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20

Rapid Application Development

(RAD) (Cont.)

Chapter 1

21

Rapid Application Development

(RAD) (Cont.)

Requirements Planning & User Design

 Focusing

work on system function, user interface, and

performance issues.
 Emphasis is less on the sequence and structure of
processes in the life cycle and more on doing different
task in parallel with each other and using prototyping
extensively.
 Much of end user involves from the beginning of the
development process, go through prototyping process
until agree with the computer based design.

Rapid Application Development

(RAD) (Cont.)

Construction
 Based

on the design, generate code using CASE

tools or employ visual development environments

Cutover
 Delivery

of the system to the end user

 End user need to test the system, train users, deal
with organizational changes, and running the old and
new system in parallel until business process is
stable.

Service-Oriented Architecture
(SOA)

An

approach to systems development

based on building complete systems
through assembling software
components, each of which model
generic business functions.

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24

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

(Cont.)

FIGURE 1-12
Illustration of a service, a credit check,
used by applications and other services
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25

Our Approach to Systems

Development
The SDLC is an organizing and guiding
principle in this subject.

We may construct artificial boundaries or
artificially separate activities and
processes for learning purposes.

Our intent is to help you understand all the
pieces and how to assemble them.

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26

Summary

In

this chapter you learned how to:

 Define

information systems analysis and design

 Describe the information Systems Development Life
Cycle (SDLC).
 Explain Rapid Application Development (RAD),
prototyping, Computer Aided Software Engineering
(CASE), and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).
 Describe agile methodologies and eXtreme
programming
 Explain Object Oriented Analysis and Design and the
Rational Unified Process (RUP).