PERSONNEL

PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
SUBMITTED BY-SAI
RAGHAVA.R

PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT {PPE}

Personnel protective equipment is used by the employees to
prevent from the working place hazards.

Personnel Protective Equipment includes both protective

clothing and protective equipment.

Protective clothing: The external garments used by employee is

called protective clothing
Protective Equipment: Any device used by an employee to defend
him from physical injuries is called protective equipment
Personnel Protective Equipment means specialized clothing
or equipment worn by an employee for protection against
the physical injuries in the working place.
Personnel Protective Equipment also means devices used to
protect an employee from injury or illness preventing him
from contact with chemical materials, radiological, physical
injury, electrical shock, mechanical, or other work hazards
Personnel Protective Equipment includes all the type of
materials/devices that are helpful to defend the employee in
work place save his/her life.

Personnel Protective Equipment is not a primary tool but

used as a last resort which means the hazard cannot be
controlled by the administration engineering or industrial
hygiene controls.

NECESSITY OF PERSONEEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

 Personnel Protective Equipment is a must and should for an

employee in a working place in order to prevent him /her
from injuries.
OSHA (Occupational Safety Health Administration) has laid
down rules to make use of Personnel Protective Equipment
to prevent the loss of life and to minimize the injuries
occurring to the employees.
Personnel Protective Equipment should be given to each and
every individual but not combinely for a group.
Each employee should receive his Personnel Protective
Equipment in free of cost from the organization only.
Personnel Protective Equipment is helpful to minimize the
injuries to the employee if a sudden accident occurs.
Guidelines to use Personnel Protective Equipment should be
available to the employees in the working place only.

SELECTION OF PERSONEEL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT
Personnel Protective Equipment is different from work to
work and place to place depending on the surroundings of
the workplace.
Personnel Protective Equipment is different from work to
work because the hazards that are faced by the one
department employees will not be equal to other
department employees.
Personnel Protective Equipment also depends on the
environment of the workplace.

 Selection of Personnel Protective Equipment has to be done

by keeping a lot of things in mind .some of them are
` 1. Hazards faced by the employees (even in an emergency
condition)
2. Comfortness of the employees as such without comfort it
would be dangerous to work for both the employee and the
employer

DIFFERANT TYPES OF PERSONEEL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT
There are different types of Personnel Protective Equipment
which are used to protect different parts of our body
They are
Eyes and Face Protection (goggles)
Head Protection (Helmets)
Hearing Protection (ear plugs)
Foot and Leg Protection (Shoes)
Respiratory Protection (Respirators)
Protective Clothing (Aprons&)
These are the common Personnel Protective Equipments used in
various industries used by the employees/Industries

EYES AND FACE PROTECTION

Common reasons for the use of eyes and face protection:

Impact Protection
Chemical Hazards
Radiation Protection
Welders goggles
Laser goggles
UV
Infrared

Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes from flying objects.

Face shields provide highest protection than any other

glasses or goggles.
Different types of spectacles are used to protect the eyes in
the industries.
Depending on the type of hazards facing by the employees
the spectacles should be selected.
Face shields are also used to protect the eyes which are the
high level of protection for eyes and face.
A hazard assessment should be done to determine the risk
of exposure to eye and face hazards, including in the time of
emergency.
Employers should be aware of the various hazards to which
they are exposed and they should be known how to protect
themselves from those hazards.

JUSTIFICATION OF PERSONEEL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT IN GIVEN ENVIRONMENTS
CHEMICAL

Employees dealing with hazardous chemicals are mostly exposed

and highly affected. The over exposure leads to many health
hazards. Hence there should be shifts of work for the employees
dealing with chemicals.

Inhaling (intake of air is called inhaling) of chemical is very

dangerous to health as it leads to many dangerous diseases
and even it kills the person
The PERSONEEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT of the employees
dealing with chemicals should have minimum of the
following materials as mandatory
1. Respirators of own cylinders
2. Overall which is heat proof and fire proof?
3. Hand gloves which doesnt react with any chemicals so
easily
4. First aid kit

RESPIRATORS
Respirators: The devices that cover nose and mouth from
poisonous gases are called as respirators.

Employees dealing with hazardous chemicals frequently get

exposed to the chemicals and has a large probability of
inhaling the chemicals .Hence the respirators are must and
should while dealing with chemicals.
There are different types of respirators used to protect the
employees from inhalation of chemicals.
Some of them are:1. Air filters (has only air filters)

2. Respirators with their own Oxygen cylinders

3. Respirators with some chemicals which react with the
chemicals harmful to health and neutralize the foreign chemicals.

The respirators should be fit for the employee and in case

they are not fit the employees should get them replaced.
There should be a regular replacement of the respirators for
the total organization and the damaged should replaced
immediately.
The respirators should be checked before using and cleaned
after using.

GLOVES
Gloves: - The covering devices used to cover the hands which
prevent the direct contact of hands to the chemicals or the
machines which the employees work on.

There are different types of gloves depending on their

chemical reaction properties.
The common type of materials used for the manufacture of
gloves is vinyl, latex, nitrile and other
Gloves are of two types
1. Single use or
2. Re-usable

Gloves should be neat before usage of gloves. And should be

replaced after a limited usage.
Dont touch your face pr adjust Personnel Protective
Equipment with your gloves at any time while working.

TEMPERATURE
Temperature: The degree of hotness or coldness is called as
temperature

There are two types temperatures they are hot temperature

and cold temperature
HOT TEMPERATURE

Controlling temperature is the common in industrial

electronics and manufacturing
Temperature is measured by 4 scales they are:
1. Celsius
2. Fahrenheit
3. Kelvin
4. Rankin

Employees working at high temperatures will be facing a lot

of problems due to overheat. As the management cannot
cool the whole industry each individual is given his own
Personnel Protective Equipment which creates a difference
between the outer temperature and the temperature the
employee is experiencing.
Personnel Protective Equipment of employees working in
high temperatures should be heat retardant and even fire
proof because sometimes over heat results in sudden fire.
Over heat results in heat rashes, cramps(pain in muscles),
heat exhaustion.

 Radiation temperature detectors are to be engaged to know

the temperature in which the employees are working.
PERSONEEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT should comprise of the
following:
1. Overalls which are heat retardant and fire proof
2. Hand gloves of highly heat retardancy
3. Shoes of fire proof
COOL TEMPERATURE

People working at cold temperature also do need Personnel

Protective Equipment as the cold doesnt allow the workers
to work properly.
In cold workers do face a lot of problems because the over
cold causes fog and in the fog mistakes do happen
Personnel Protective Equipment in order to avoid those
Personnel Protective Equipment is to be given to the
employees
The employees are given woolen jackets against cold.
Cold temperature effects to toes, fingers, ears, nose etc.

CRUSH RESISTANCE
Employees working in industries where compressions of
materials do take place there the Personnel Protective
Equipment should be crush resistant.

 If a sudden accident occurs the Personnel Protective

Equipment should be able to withstand some amount of load
which may help the employees.
Helmets and foot wear comes under crush resistance.
Different types of helmets are used to protect the
employees from getting injured.
Foot wear is also used in order to prevent the injuries to the
leg/toe of the employees

HELMETS
The use of helmets protects the employees from any sudden
fall of weight from top side on the head as the results for
any accident to head may take ones life or it may be fatal.
Helmets are also known as hard hats in industrial language.
Hard hats are of three types depending on their properties
(protection stability) .They are :-

Class A: - These are the hard hats which gives protection

against both electric shock and sudden weight falling.
Class B: - These are the high level of protection in hard hats.
These hats can sustain the electric shock till 20,000 volts
and provides good head protection.
Class C: - These are the light in weight and comfortable to
wear .These hats doesnt provide any protection against any
electric shocks.

FOOT WEAR
Foot wear is the primary Personnel Protective Equipment
which is a must and should in any type of industry
Depending on the type of hazards facing by the employees,
selection of foot wear is done
Foot wear is of different types basing on their protection
levels
Foot wear is used to protect the leg and toes of the
employee
Usually rubber boots are used to protect feet from hot
liquids
Chaps or leggings are used in certain conditions

NOISE PROTECTION
NOISE: The sound which is not comfortable to hear is called noise

Every day the employees are subjected to a lot of noise

which may result in the loss of hearing to the employees.
NOISH (National Institute for Occupational Safety) has laid
down some rules which are applicable to every industry
disrespect f their type and production.
According to NIOSH, Approximately 30 million workers are
exposed to hazardous noise on the job an average of 9
million people are loosing their hearing due to metals
/solvents.

 Audiometric tests are to be done to the employees before

joining the organization and even while leaving the
organization.
New technology of reduced sound machines is to be used to
provide convenience to the employees and to reduce sound.
The employees who are exposed mostly to the noise should
be given periodic intervals so that they feel relaxed for some
time.

HEARING PROTECTION
Hearing protection is to be given against noise because if it
increases beyond the limit it leads to the hearing loss and it
is irreparable.
Ear protectors are required to ensure that the exposure to
noise is adequately controlled.
While using ear protectors it should be kept in mind that
they are fit for the employees.
If work conditions are such that sparks and spatter may
enter into ears then the hearing protectors provide
protection from those objects also.
Ear protectors are available in many forms .Proper selection
of ear protectors should be done.
The manufactures of hearing protectors should provide the
results of test carried out on a protector how much they can
reduce noise.

VISOR

Visor : The front part of an helmet which is movable up and down

and helps in vision and prevents the eyes from getting in contact
with the dust even in times of speed transport also.

Eyes are given protection by many ways and in each and

every Personnel Protective Equipment as the most eyes are
also among the most important organs of our body.
Commonly eyes are covered by using spectacles and
goggles.
Covering of eyes is very important in the areas like molten
metal, dust area, welding.
There are many types of spectacles which are used to cover
eyes.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) for the eyes and face is
designed to prevent or lessen the severity of injuries to
workers .The employer must assess the hazards that can
cause damage to eyes and should provide eye protection
/face protection.
Protective eye ware must meet the ANSI (American National
Standards Institute) standard.

GOGGLES
Goggles: These are the tight spectacles which cover the sides of
the eyes also

Goggles are a part of tight fitting glasses which has the side
shields worn to protect eyes from sunlight, dust, snow (while
snow riding) etc.

 These goggles should prevent even the irritation of eyes

from any dust or materials.
The goggles should be made of unbreakable so that they
can withstand sudden load acting on to the face or eyes.
Few examples where goggles are commonly used are: Sky
diving, Welding, and Taxing of aircraft, Snow riding, Racing.

ELECTRICAL ISOLATION
Electrical Isolation indicates dividing of one circuit into two
parts.
Electrical Isolation indicates that the equipment is isolated
from the total system and repairings are carried out.
While isolating of equipment Isolation is to be done after
ensuring that the system is totally dead and doesnt get
reconnected accidentally.
Isolation of equipment is very dangerous as a small mistake
may result to the death of the employee.
While isolating is carried over, should ensure that he is
having his own Personnel Protective Equipment.
The employee should make sure that he is using hand
gloves which are bad conductors to electricity and standing
on the material which is also a bad conductor of electricity.
He should make sure that the equipment gets started up
only after all the people have completed their work on the
equipment.

RADIOACTIVE PROTECTION

Radiation: energy in the form of particles or rays is called

radiation.

Protection against radiation is called radioprotection.

Radiation includes all the waves like Ultra violate, Infrared
waves.
Each different way /the route in which the people may get
exposed result in exposure to different parts of the body.
Inhalation: The intake of radioactive materials lead to the various
diseases in which some are incurable till now.

Unprotected laser exposure in eye injuries including

permanent blindness.
Determine the maximum power or intensity, lasers produce
when workers are exposed to laser beams and then the
lenses are given to prevent the radiation occurring.

External Radiation refers to heavy exposure of radiation to

the human body.