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Introduction
Deoiler RPM
Velocity
Air Flow
Oil Loss
Engines with carbon seals for oil sumps and air/oil separators
installed in gearboxes usually have lower consumption than
those using labyrinth seals and deoilers in main engine oil sumps.
Labyrinth-seal clearances naturally increase as an engine ages. As
this occurs due to rubbing under vibration, gyroscopic torque,
rough landings or any G-load factor, the engine air flow increases
resulting in even higher oil consumption.
If seals are assembled and installed properly, and not abnormally
worn or damaged, the high oil consumption is essentially due to
inefficient air/oil separators installed on the engine air breathing system.
over g
Oil Degradation
Oil systems for commercial jet engines are rarely drained. Instead,
the oil is renewed by topping off with fresh oil. This typically happens
every day to compensate for normal engine oil consumption.
Because of oxidative and thermal breakdown, engine system oil
degrades. This manifests itself as increased viscosity, higher total
acidity and other changes in oil properties. Oil degradation also has
the potential to limit the oils performance.
Low Consumption
Acidity
Increase
High Consumption
Running Time
Operating pressures
Temperature
O
il residence time in various regions of the engine during
oil circulation
Oil system temperatures vary from engine to engine. They also
vary from flight plan to flight plan with taxiing, take-off, landing
and cruising all affecting temperatures. Low-time/high-cycle
operations increase engine severity due to heat soak-back effects
after shutdown.
Summary
Oil is the lifeblood of an engine and commercial jet engines are
designed to consume oil at rates that promote optimum engine life.
By looking at the efficiency of the deoiler and seals, we can better
understand why rates vary and how to help optimize consumption
and control oil degradation.
Additives are the first line of defense protecting the lubricant, but
when they are sacrificed and consumed the fresh additives
contained in make-up oil counter this reduction. Fresh oil replaces
the degraded oil lost overboard due to the inefficiency of the deoiler.
Oil consumed in commercial jet engine aircraft is typically
replenished by topping off with fresh oil. When oil consumption is
high, this renewal helps counter any build-up in acidity. When oil
consumption is low, the effect is to reduce the oil replenishment
rate, resulting in acidity increases over time (see Effect of Oil
Consumption on Level of Deterioration chart above).
For more information, please contact your ExxonMobil Aviation Sales representative.
2014 Exxon Mobil Corporation.
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