Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
DOCENTES
Dr Fernando Cornejo Snchez
Lic Carmen Castaeda Chau
Lic Doris Lpez Astocondor
2014 - II
UNIT
Reading
2
Page 1
Grammar
In this unit you are going to learn about the simple present tense . Look at the
following chart and do the following activities
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
TO HAVE
Affirmative statements
SUBJECT
VERB
COMPLEMENT
I
have
fever
You
have
a cold stiff neck
We
have
a sunburn
They
have
He
has
fever
She
has
a cold
It
has
a stiff neck
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Page 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Have a headache
Have an earache
Have a toothache
Have a stomachache
Have a backache
Have a sore throat
Have fever
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8. Have a cold
9. Have a cough
10. Have a virus
11. Have an infection
12. Have a rash
13. Have an insect bite
14. Have a sunburn
Page 3
Does
I
you
we
they
he
she
it
AUXILIARY
WH
QUESTION
WORDS
How often do
When
Why
does
does
VERB
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
SUBJECT
I
you
we
they
he
she
it
COMPLEMENT
QUESTION
MARK
?
fever
a cold
a stiff neck
a sunburn
fever
?
a cold
a stiff neck
VERB
COMPLEMENT QUESTION
MARK
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
fever
a cold
a stiff neck
a sunburn
fever
a cold
a stiff neck
TO BE
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Page 4
27. Be faint/weak
28. Be dizzy
29. Feel nauseous
30. Be bloated
31. Be congested
32. Be exhausted
TYPE OF
SENTENCE
SUBJECT
AUXILIARY
VERB
am
a patient.
You
are
a physician.
She
is
not
insane.
We
are
not
swollen.
Is
he
weak.
Are
they
vitamins?
Medical English 1
NEGATIVE
FORM
COMPLEMENT
Page 5
OTHER VERBS
33. Cough
34. Sneeze
35. Wheeze
36. Burp
37. Vomit/throw up
38. Bleed
39. Twist
40. Sprain
41. Dislocate
42. Scratch
43. Scrape
44. Bruise
45. Burn
46. Break
47. Hurt
48. Cut
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49. Swell
50. Itch
Page 6
A.
ACTIVITIES
CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO THE APPROPRIATE FORM.
affirmative sentences
negative sentences
interrogative sentences
1)
She has a cold or allergies (?)
__________________________________________________________________
2)
They sneeze every minute (-)
__________________________________________________________________
3)
My sister doesnt cough (+)
_________________________________________________________________
4)
My husband is dizzy (?)
__________________________________________________________________
5)
Does he feel nauseous? (+)
__________________________________________________________________
6)
His brother is exhausted (-)
__________________________________________________________________
7)
You arent a good dentist (?)
__________________________________________________________________
8)
I dont wait for anybody (+)
__________________________________________________________________
9)
It itches badly (-)
__________________________________________________________________
10) They arent here (+)
__________________________________________________________________
B.
PUT IN ORDER THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
1.
in / friends / I / have / dont / class/ this / many.
__________________________________________________________________
2.
hospital / to / go / to / They / the / want.
__________________________________________________________________
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3.
arent / These / your / patients.
_________________________________________________________________
4.
need / I / a / dont / psychologist
__________________________________________________________________
5.
burp / he / vomit /?/ Does / and/ often
__________________________________________________________________
C.
FIND THE MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND REWRITE
THEM.
1.
He dont have measles
__________________________________________________________________
2.
The patients is dizzies
__________________________________________________________________
3.
Pediatrist ckeck children
__________________________________________________________________
4.
We has a sunburn and you feel nauseous
__________________________________________________________________
5.
Do she work in those medical facility?
__________________________________________________________________
Write down a dialogue using the simple present tense and the vocabulary from
this unit . then act it out .Help Appendix A Communicating with patients .
our links
5
Here you have some link to practice the grammar from this unit.
http://www.englischhilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_statements2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/simple_present.htm
http://www.englischhilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_negation_long.htm
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Page 8
UNIT
HOSPITAL FACILITIES
Warm ups
Reading
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Page 9
ESSENTIAL FACILITIES
A NURSING HOME
Choosing a maternity hospital or nursing home for the birth of your baby can be
time consuming. There are so many factors to consider such as distance from your
home, how much it costs, what facilities they offer, the quality of medical staff and
so on.
You naturally want the best for you and your baby, but finding something suitable
within your budget is not always easy. To help you make your choice, we have
listed out five facilities that must be present so that you and your newborn can be
properly cared for. When you take a tour of the maternity hospitals or nursing
homes on your list, ask yourself the following five questions:
1. Is there a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)?
If your baby is premature, or unwell after she is born, she might need special
medical care. To handle such situations, the hospital or nursing home of your
choice should have a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) . As well as having
special medical equipment like incubators, feeding tubes, phototherapy lights,
respiratory monitors, and cardiac monitors, the NICU should have staff trained to
care for very small or ill babies.
2. Do they have access to a blood bank?
Having access to a blood bank is vital. If you bleed excessively after the birth, you
will need to be given a blood transfusion. Do make sure well in advance that the
hospital or nursing home you choose to deliver at has access to your blood type
and the quantity available is sufficient. If the hospital has its own blood bank, you
can enquire about its cleanliness, power arrangements and accessibility.
You should also check that medical equipment such as needles are opened in front
of you and then destroyed after use. Some hospitals only release blood from their
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bank if some is donated. The person donating blood does not necessarily need to
be of the same blood type as you. It is best to agree with a family member or friend
beforehand on who will donate blood if required.
3. What is the hygiene standard?
A good indication of the quality of a hospital or nursing home is the level of hygiene
of the equipment, staff, rooms and bathrooms. While taking a tour of a nursing
home or hospital try and check what the level of hygiene is.
Is the linen changed regularly?
Is the food prepared hygienically?
Are the rooms cleaned daily?
Is the medical equipment sterilized?
1 which factors do you need to choose a nursing home?
Grammar
3
In this unit you are going to learn about there is there are and preposition of
location. Look at the following chart and do the following activities
THERE IS/ THERE ARE
Both expressions are used to state the something exists or to point out something
in the distance.
There is/There are can be used as the sentences subject.
1. "There is" - is used with the following subjects:
Singular nouns
Uncountable nouns
3rd person singular (he, she, my physician, his outpatient, etc.).
Examples:
There is my specialist on the corner.
There is a lot of blood on the highway. There must have been an accident.
There is a fracture here.
2. "There are" - is used with the following subjects:
3rd person plural (they, my doctors, the nurses, the practitioners, etc.)
Examples:
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Page 11
ACTIVITIES
A.
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Medical Specialists
Medical specialists are experts in certain fields of medicine. They treat specific
parts of the body, such as the stomach or the heart, or they specialize in certain
diseases, such as AIDS. Family doctors keep a list of local specialists and can help
patients choose the right specialist for each medical issue. In many cases,
specialists require a referral from a family doctor before they will see a patient.
Here is a list of the most common types of specialists. Study the list and then
check your understanding by taking the quiz.
Allergist: specializes in determining food and environmental allergies
Anesthesiologist: specializes in pain prevention during surgery
Cardiologist: heart specialist
Chiropractor: back specialist
Dentist: tooth specialist
Dermatologist: skin specialist
Fertility specialist: helps people who have difficulty getting pregnant
Gynecologist: specializes in women's needs
Massage therapist: specializes in muscle relaxation
Midwife: helps women deliver babies in a natural way
Naturopath: specializes in natural cures and remedies
Neurologist: brain specialist
Obstetrician: specialist for pregnant women
Occupational therapist: specializes in workplace health
Oncologist: tumor specialist, including cancer
Ophthalmologist: specializes in eye diseases
Pediatrician: specialist for babies and children
Physical therapist: specializes in the body's movement
Podiatrist: foot specialist
Psychiatrist: specialist in mental health
Radiologist: specializes in imaging tests
ACTIVITIES
A.
Read the patient complaints and say which specialist each patient
needs.
1. I have a terrible rash on my arms and legs. I think I'm allergic to dairy food, but it
also might be grass.
a) chiropractor
c) allergist
b) ophthalmologist
d) psychiatrist
2. My husband and I just took a home pregnancy test, and it came out positive. We
want to know when we are due and we want to make sure the fetus is healthy.
a) podiatrist
c) obstetrician
b) pediatrician
d) pharmacist
3. I still can't walk and it's been three months since my accident. I hate being stuck in
a wheelchair.
a) anesthesiologist
c) radiologist
b) physical therapist
d) dentist
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4. The test results show that I have an advanced form of blood cancer.
a) oncologist
c) midwife
b) neurologist
d) allergist
5. My left eye has an infection that won't go away and my vision has been blurry for
two weeks now.
a) podiatrist
c) ophthalmologist
b) massage therapist
d) radiologist
6. I don't want to take any drugs that will cause me to become addicted to them, but I
do need some sort of pain relief.
a) naturopath
c) cardiologist
b) dentist
d) dermatologist
7. I've been having major chest pains this week. I'm also having trouble breathing.
a) gynecologist
c) oncologist
b) cardiologist
d) dermatologist
8. I get terrible acne and I have tried all of the products in the pharmacy. I don't
know what to do now.
a) massage therapist
c) occupational therapist
b) podiatrist
d) dermatologist
9. My baby is not developing properly. She hasn't put on any weight in two months
and she keeps getting ear infections.
a) anesthesiologist
c) midwife
b) pediatrician
d) massage therapist
10. My husband and I have been trying to get pregnant for three years. We have tried
everything that the books suggest.
a) fertility specialist
c) psychiatrist
b) oncologist
d) dentist
B. Which are they specialties? Choose the right word for each number.
a dialogue
using theobstetrician;
simple present
,there
/ there
are and the
optometrist,
dentist;tense
doctor;
nurse;islab
technician.
4 Write downcardiologist;
vocabulary from this unit . then act it out .Help Appendix A Communicating with
patients
Our links
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Page 14
Here you have some link to practice the grammar from this unit
http://www.adelescorner.org/grammar/there_is/thereis.html
http://www.english-room.com/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=34
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UNIT
THE HEAD
Warm ups
1
Reading
2 Read the following dialogue and answer the following questions
BONES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
The bones of the head and neck play the vital role of supporting the brain, sensory
organs, nerves, and blood vessels of the head and protecting these structures from
mechanical damage. Movements of these bones by the attached muscles of the
head provide for facial expressions, eating, speech, and head movement.
The skull consists of 22 cranial and facial bones, which, with the exception of the
mandible, are tightly fused together. The skull encases and protects the brain as
well as the special sense organs of vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell....
Attachment points for the muscles of the head and neck are located on the
exterior surfaces of the skull and allow for important movement like chewing,
speech, and facial expressions. Teeth are rooted into deep sockets in the mandible
and maxillary bones. The upper portions of the digestive and respiratory tracts are
also housed within the hollow oral and nasal cavities of the skull.
Another important bone of the head and neck is the hyoid bone. The hyoid is
closely associated with the skull but is a floating bone that does not form a joint
with any other bone. It anchors muscles of the tongue and throat and holds open
the larynx of the respiratory tract. The auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and
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stapes) of each ear are also bones in the head separate from the skull. They form
a bridge connecting the eardrum to the inner ear and function to transmit vibrations
between these parts.
The 7 cervical vertebrae form the bones of the neck that support the skull and
organs of the head. The first cervical vertebra (atlas) supports and balances the
head. The second vertebra (axis) allows the head to rotate laterally to the left and
the right. Hollow spaces within the cervical vertebrae protect and conduct the
spinal cord and vertebral arteries through the neck. Muscle attachment sites on the
cervical vertebrae provide movement and posture to the head and neck.
1. How many cranial bones are there in the skull?
..
2. What is the function of the skull?
Grammar
3 In this unit you are going to learn about the present progressive . Look at the
following chart and do the following activities
Present Progressive
We use the present continuous tense to talk about:
action happening now
action in the future
SUBJECT
AUXILIARY VERB
MAIN VERB
COMPLEMENT
am
examining
a patient.
You
are
prescribing
the medicine
She
is
not
sleeping
We
are
not
coughing
Is
he
vaccinating
the children?
Are
they
taking
vitamins?
Medical English 1
in the hospital.
Page 17
ACTIVITIES
A.
Complete the following sentences with the present continuous.
1. The doctors _______________ (vaccinate) the children right now.
2. The gynecologist ________________________ (examine) Lucia these days.
3. The doctor __________________ (prescribe) medicines right now.
4. Listen! Michael_____________________ (cough) a lot.
5. I ______________________ (drink) cough syrup at this moment.
6. Jake _________________________ (suffer) a terrible disease.
7. Doctor, ______________________ you ________________ (cure) Mr. Baker?
8. Look! A biologist _____________________ (analyze) a microbe.
9. My children __________________________ (catch) a cold.
10. _______________ you _______________(arrange ) an appointment?
Write down a dialogue using the present progressive and the vocabulary from this
unit . then act it out .Help Appendix A Communicating with patients
Our links
5
Here you have some link to practice the grammar from this unit
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/presentprogressive/form/exercises?form02
http://www.englischhilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_statements_long.htm
http://www.englischhilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_progressive_statements_long.htm
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UNIT
Digestive System
Warm ups
1
Look at the following pictures and answer the following questions Which organ is
it?
Reading
2
Page 19
Grammar
3
In this unit you are going to learn about the plural form of nouns . Look at the
following chart and do the following activities
CASE
General rule
NOUN + -ES
NOUN + -S
EXAMPLE
minute - minutes
church - churches
box -boxes
index -= indexes ( also
indices)
gas - gases
bush - bushes
ass -asses
quiz quizzes
potato - potatoes
tomato tomatoes
volcano - volcanoes
photo - photos
piano - pianos
portico - porticos
Page 20
Noun ending in y
Noun ending in f
or fe
NOUN Y +
IES
party - parties
lady - ladies
NOUN + -S
Boy - boys
Toy - toys
Ray rays
NOUN F +
VES
calf calves
half - halves
wolf - wolves
wife wives
NOUN FE +
VES
NOUN IS + ES
Nouns ending in
is
Irregular plural
Some nouns
change their
structure to form
their plural form.
ODD PLURAL
FORM
Identical singular
and plural form
Some nouns
have identical
plural and
singular forms,
although they are
still considered
to have a plural
form.
These nouns
exist only in the
plural form and
take a plural
verb.
NO CHANGE
In compound
nouns the plural
ending is usually
MAIN NOUN + -S
Collective words or
nouns associated
with two parts.
Compound nouns
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ONLY PLURAL
FORM
crisis - crises
hypothesis - hypotheses
oasis - oases
child - children
ox - oxen
man men
woman - women
person - people
foot - feet
tooth - teeth
mouse - mice
louse - lice
aircraft - aircraft
fish - fish
sheep - sheep
deer - deer
species - species
headquarters headquarters
cattle
scissors
trousers
tweezers
congratulations
pajamas
court martial - courts
martial
son-in-law - sons-in-law
Page 21
Uncountable noun
added to the
main noun.
Uncountable
nouns on the
other hand have
no plural form
and take a
singular verb (is /
was ...).
passer-by - passers-by
NO PLURAL
FORM
advice
information
luggage
headquarters headquarters
news - news
NOTES:
Third person of singular in simple present tense conjugation uses the same rules
that plural forms.
1 GRAMMAR
A. Write the s plural form of the following words.
1. thesis
____________
11. watch
______________
2. stimulus
____________
12. mountain
______________
3. alumnus
____________
13. louse
______________
4. loaf
____________
14. family
______________
5. medium
____________
15. shelf
______________
6. crisis
____________
16. cloud
______________
7. veto
____________
17. area
______________
8. fireman
____________
18. photo
______________
9. diagnosis
____________
19. home
______________
10. ox
____________
20. logo
______________
B. Next to each word in the list, write correctly the plural for that word. If that
word cannot be pluralized because it's a non-count noun, write the letter X.
1. man
________________
2. furniture
________________
3. experience
________________
4. Kennedy
________________
5. ski
________________
6. gas
________________
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Page 22
7. box
________________
8. peace
________________
9. cactus
________________
10. criterion
________________
11. baby
________________
12. memo
________________
13. work
________________
14. self
________________
15. applause
________________
16. dancing
________________
17. 1990
________________
18. aluminum
________________
19. fax
________________
20. roof
________________
21. fish
________________
22. child
________________
23. difficulty
________________
24. knowledge
________________
25. goose
________________
26. video
________________
27. curriculum
________________
28. biology
________________
29. URL
________________
30. dish
________________
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Page 23
mouth
______________
2.
pharynx
______________
3.
anus
______________
4.
trachea
______________
5.
pancreas
______________
6.
enzyme
______________
7.
duodenum
______________
8.
cecum
______________
9.
rectum
______________
10.
bronchus
______________
Our links
5 Here you have some link to practice the grammar from this unit
http://babelnet.sbg.ac.at/themepark/castle/pluralform.htm
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exerciseplural.php#.UzhLFKh5N6k
UNIT
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Warm ups
Medical English 1
Page1
Reading
2
Medical English 1
Page2
Major Organs
Upper Respiratory
Tract
Lower Respiratory
Tract
Page3
oxygen and sends a message that causes you to take a deep long breath - a YAWN.
Why Do I Sneeze?
Sneezing is like a cough in the upper breathing passages. It is the body's way of
removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the nose. Many things
can irritate the mucous membranes. Dust, pollen, pepper or even a cold blast of air are
just some of the many things that may cause you to sneeze.
What Causes Hiccups?
Hiccups are the sudden movements of the diaphragm. It is involuntary. You have no
control over hiccups, as you well know. There are many causes of hiccups. The
diaphragm may get irritated, you may have eaten to fast, or maybe some substance in
the blood could even have brought on the hiccups.
Grammar
3 In this unit you are going to learn about the imperative. Look at the following chart and
do the following activities
THE IMPERATIVE
(imperativo)
Es usado para expresar rdenes, avisos y recomendaciones.
Imperativo en afirmativo:
Verbo en infinitivo sin sujeto y sin "to".
Go!
Come here!
Speak up!
Shut up!
Sit down!
Stand up!
Wake up!
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
!vaya!
ven aqu!
Habla ms fuerte!
Cllate!
Sintate!
Levntate!
Despierta!
Imperativo en negativo:
Don't + verbo en infinitivo sin sujeto y sin "to".
Don't shout!
Don't worry
Dont move!
Don't open the window!
Don't eat the orange!
Dont smoke!
Medical English 1
= No grites!
= No te preocupes!
= No te muevas!
= No abras la ventana!
= No comas la naranja!
= No fumas!
Page4
Let's play.
Let's study
Lets sing
Let's find a solution
Let's revise the lesson
= Juguemos.
= Estudiemos.
= Cantemos.
= encontremos una solucin
= revisemos la leccin
Let's not do it
Let's not play
Let's not write
= No lo hagamos.
= No juguemos.
= No escribamos.
c) Hurry
c) Forget
c) Be you quiet
c) you take
c) Waste not
c) Drive you
c) Arrive
c) Don't worry
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Page5
c) You Finish
Our links
5 Here you have some links to practice the grammar from this unit.
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/imperat1.htm
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-imperative.php
http://www.newhealthguide.org/What-Is-The-Function-Of-The-Respiratory-System.html
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Page6
UNIT
READING COMPREHENSION
Read the following text and answer the questions below.
Page7
Digestive System and process: Parts of the body concerned with the uptake and
digestion of food and elimination of indigestible remains from the digestive system,
also called elementary system. The digestive system consists of two sets of organs:
Alimentary canal: It is a tube comprising many specialized organs. It provides and
helps in the process of:
(i)An inlet, the mouth, to ingest food
(ii)A cavity, the lumen, where food is digested
(iii)A surface for the absorption of digested food
(iv)A space where indigestible remains are changed in to faeces
(v)An outlet the anus for elimination of faeces.
Digestive glands and their function in the process: These are the structures
associated with the different regions of the alimentary canal. They sent into the
digestive track their secretions which contains enzyme and other materials to help in
the digestion of food. Most of the alimentary canal and certain digestive glands are
supported and held in place by mesenteries, the double sheets of peritoneum with a
layer of connective tissues in between.
Summary for Food Digestion Process
The digestive system serves three major functions are:
1. Nutrition: The digestive track primarily serves to provide food to the tissues to the
body.
2. Breathing: The interior part of the alimentary canal also plays a role in respiration in
the chordates.
3. Excretion: The digestive system brings about sum excretion too. Excretion is the
elimination of unwanted materials from the body.
QUESTIONS
1. Does digestion only involve mechanical changes?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why are enzymes important during the digestion process?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Which is the final step of the digestion process?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. How is the alimentary canal supported?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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Page8
2. Matching
Match the numbers with the letters
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cleave
Intake
Lumen
Faeces
Canal
a) excrement
b) the cavity of a tubular organ or part
c) tube
d) the amount taken in
e) divide
ON-LINE EXERCISES
The following links could provide you further information and resources on plural form.
Find mistakes
http://www.englishteststore.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=707:F
ind-Mistakes-Basic-Level-Test-001&catid=117:find-mistakes&Itemid=365
Plural forms
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/english-grammar-nouns-plural3.html
http://www.clafoti.com/Imagenes/PLURALNOUNS.htm
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/cross/plurals_gap.htm
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Page9
UNIT
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Warm ups
1
Medical English 1
Page10
Reading
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The circulatory system is made up of the vessels and the muscles that help and
control the flow of the blood around the body. This process is called circulation. The
main parts of the system are the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.
As blood begins to circulate, it leaves the heart from the left ventricle and goes into the
aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The blood leaving the aorta is full of
oxygen. This is important for the cells in the brain and the body to do their work. The
oxygen rich blood travels throughout the body in its system of arteries into the smallest
arterioles.
On its way back to the heart, the blood travels through a system of veins. As it reaches
the lungs, the carbon dioxide (a waste product) is removed from the blood and replace
with fresh oxygen that we have inhaled through the lungs.
Arteries
Arteries are tough, elastic tubes that carry blood away from the heart. As the arteries
move away from the heart, they divide into smaller vessels. The largest arteries are
about as thick as a thumb. The smallest arteries are thinner than hair. These thinner
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Page11
arteries are called arterioles. Arteries carry bright red blood! The color comes from the
oxygen that it carries.
Veins
Veins carry the blood to the heart. The smallest veins, also called venules, are very
thin. They join larger veins that open into the heart. The veins carry dark red blood that
doesn't have much oxygen. Veins have thin walls. They don't need to be as strong as
the arteries because as blood is returned to the heart, it is under less pressure
Heart
Did you know that your heart is the strongest muscle? Your heart is divided into two
sides. The right side pumps blood to your lungs where it picks up oxygen. The left side
pumps oxygen-soaked blood out to your body. They do not work on their own, but
together as a team. The body's blood is circulated through the heart more than 1,000
times per day. Between five and six thousand quarts of blood are pumped each day.
Your heart is about the same size as your fist.
Blood is thicker than water and has a little bit salty taste. In an adult body there is 10.6
pints of blood circulating around. In their blood there is billions of living blood cells
floating in a liquid called plasma. If you took a small sample of this blood and poured it
into a test tube and then put it in a machine called a centrifuge, you would be able to
see the layers of this blood. This machine spins the blood around so fast that it
separates the red blood cells, from the white blood cells, from the platelets. The red
blood cells sink to the bottom because they are the heavier, more solid parts, but the
plasma remains at the top because it is lighter. The plasma is 95% water and the other
5% is made up of dissolved substances including salts.
Grammar
3 In this unit you are going to learn about the object pronouns, demonstrative adjectives
and demonstrative pronouns, possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns. Look at
the following charts and do the following activities.
PRONOUNS
A pronoun is a word that can be used instead of another word.
Examples:
The X-ray machine is automatic, so it does not need to be programmed.
Helen was diagnosed as hypertensive, so the doctor gave her some beta-blockers.
If you did not pass one or more laboratories, you must take them this semester.
Medical English 1
Page12
SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
OBJECT
PRONOUNS
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them
When pronouns are used as subjects of clauses they are called SUBJECT
PRONOUNS (SP). Their position is before verbs.
They have discovered the cure.
SP
We are wasting time.
SP
OBJECT PRONOUNS (OP) are located after verbs or prepositions.
They fight cancer
They fight it.
I gave one scalpel and three tweezers to the surgeon
OP
NOTE:
A pronoun acts as a subject or an object in a clause, so it is an error to repeat the
noun it refers to in the same clause.
Example
The administrators they are willing to discuss your queries.
Bottle-feeding them young children is as nutritious for them as breast feeding.
Demonstrative adjectives vs. demonstrative pronouns
DISTANCE
SINGULAR
PLURAL
NEAR
This
These
FAR
That
Those
This, that, these, those are words used to refer to nouns that are near or further away
in time or space.
They work as adjectives when they modify a noun (the noun is written or pronounced
in the same clause). If they replace a noun these words work as pronouns.
Example:
Medical English 1
Page13
OP
POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVE
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUN
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Yours
Theirs
For example:
This is my book. (ADJECTIVE)
This is mine. (PRONOUN)
NOTE
Read the following sentence
When you drive to Manitoba, will you take your car or theirs?
The possessive adjective "your" depends on the noun "car."
The possessive pronoun, "theirs," stands in the place of the noun phrase, "their
car."
Medical English 1
Page14
ACTIVITIES
A. Underline the object in each sentence and replace it using an object pronoun.
a) Please help doctor Takashi.
_______________________________________________________________
b) Peter loves chemistry
_______________________________________________________________
c) Read page 104.
_______________________________________________________________
d) Ask doctor Huapaya and doctor Carhuancho.
_______________________________________________________________
e) Buy five syringes for Miss La Rosa.
_______________________________________________________________
B. Unscramble the words groups to write sentences. Use the correct punctuation
and capitalization.
a) lend / him / money / some / always / I
________________________________________________________________
b) the / showing / the / something / women / is / man / to.
________________________________________________________________
c) them / she / help / some / gives / rarely.
________________________________________________________________
d) you / tell / the / him / do / ? / answers
________________________________________________________________
e) this / us / does / explain / kind / exercises / of / she / not / to.
C. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate possessive adjective, then use possessive
pronouns to replace the group of words expressing possession relation.
1. Whats the boys name? _____________ name is Ben Scott.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Debbie has a dog. ____________ dog is very lively.
__________________________________________________________________
3. The dog is very lively. _____________ name is Ben.
__________________________________________________________________
4. We are at school. _______________ school is very nice.
__________________________________________________________________
5. I have a new laptop. _____________ laptop is white.
__________________________________________________________________
6. I'm from Chester. Most of ______________ friends are from Chester, too.
__________________________________________________________________
7. The Guptas have a restaurant. _____________ restaurant is great.
__________________________________________________________________
8. The rabbit is white. ______________ cage is in the garden.
__________________________________________________________________
9. You are not English. ______________ name is not an English name.
Medical English 1
Page15
__________________________________________________________________
10. Sandra and Jenny are friends. ________________school is in Chester.
__________________________________________________________________
11. The Scotts have a new car. _________________ car is blue.
__________________________________________________________________
12. Emma Peel has a brother. ________________ name is Paul.
__________________________________________________________________
13. Nick Baker has a sister._______________ name is Debbie.
__________________________________________________________________
14. Yes, we have a dog. _____________ dog is very old.
__________________________________________________________________
15. The
Snows
have
a
tortoise.
____________
name
is
Trundle.______________________________________________________________
Write down a dialogue using the object pronouns, demonstrative adjectives and
demonstrative pronouns, possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns and the
vocabulary from this unit. Then act it out.
Our links
5
Here you have some links to practice the grammar from this unit.
http://www.englischhilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/personal_pronouns3.htm
http://www.language-worksheets.com/demonstrative-pronouns-elementary.html
http://rojo5th.net/flash/ciencia/chapter3/eReview_P5_C3_L4.swf
Medical English 1
Page16
UNIT
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Warm ups
1
Medical English 1
Page17
Reading
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Grammar
3
In this unit you are going to learn about the quantifiers with countable and uncountable
nouns. Look at the following charts and do the following activities
STATEMENT
Affirmative
statement
Negative
statements
Medical English 1
SOME / ANY
SOME
I have some health nuisances.
They will need some calories
_
ANY
_
I do not
transfusion.
need
any
Page18
blood
Interrogative
statements
_
Exception:
Offer: Would you like some help?
Request: Can you lend me some
money?
ONLY WITH
UNCOUNTABLE
NOUNS
WITH UNCOUNTABLE
AND COUNTABLE
NOUNS
How much?
How much? or
How many?
How many?
a little
no/none
a few
a bit (of)
not any
a number (of)
some (any)
several
a great deal of
a lot of
a large number of
a large amount of
plenty of
a great number of
lots of
ONLY WITH
COUNTABLE NOUNS
Notes:
1. Much and many are used in negative and question forms.
Example:
How much sugar do you consume?
How many cigarettes do you smoke?
There's not much blood in the blood bank.
There weren't many physicians at the meeting.
2. They are also used with too, (not) so, and (not) as :
Examples
There were too many physicians at the meeting.
It's a problem when there are so many patients.
There's not so much work to do this week.
3. In positive statements, we use a lot of:
Examples:
I have a lot of work this week.
There were a lot of physicians at the meeting.
Medical English 1
Page19
4.
A few (for countable nouns) and a little (for uncountable nouns) describe the quantity
in a positive way:
Examples:
I have a few patients (= maybe not many, but enough)
I have a little money (= I have enough to live on)
Few and little describe the quantity in a negative way:
Few people visited him in hospital (= he had almost no visitors)
He had little money (= almost no money)
5.
ACTIVITIES
QUANTIFIERS. In the following sentences, fill in the gaps with one of the
following quantifiers:
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Our links
5
Here you have some links to practice the grammar from this unit.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/confusing_words/some_any.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/some-any/exercises
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/some-any/exercises?02
Medical English 1
Page20
UNIT
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Warm ups
1
Reading
2 Read the following and answer the questions
Introduction
The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones.
These hormones regulate the body's growth, metabolism (the physical and
chemical processes of the body), and sexual development and function. The
hormones are released into the bloodstream and may affect one or several organs
throughout the body. Hormones are chemical messengers created by the body.
They transfer information from one set of cells to another to coordinate the
functions of different parts of the body. The major glands of the endocrine system
are the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal body, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, the
pncreas and the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes).
Medical English 1
Page21
ENDOCRINE GLADS
1. Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is located in the lower central part of the brain. This part of the
brain is important in regulation of satiety, metabolism, and body temperature. In
addition, it secretes hormones that stimulate or suppress the release of hormones
in the pituitary gland. Many of these hormones are releasing hormones, which are
secreted into an artery (the hypophyseal portal system) that carries them directly to
the pituitary gland. In the pituitary gland, these releasing hormones signal secretion
of stimulating hormones. The hypothalamus also secretes a hormone called
somatostatin, which causes the pituitary gland to stop the release of growth
hormone.
2. Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain beneath the hypothalamus
and is no larger than a pea. It is often considered the most important part of the
endocrine system because it produces hormones that control many functions of
other endocrine glands. When the pituitary gland does not produce one or more of
its hormones or not enough of them, it is called hypopituitarism.
The pituitary gland is divided into two parts: the anterior lobe and the posterior
lobe. The anterior lobe produces the following hormones, which are regulated by
the hypothalamus:
Page22
results in problems in maintaining proper amounts of body fat and muscle and
bone mass. It is also involved in emotional well-being.)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce
thyroid hormones (A lack of thyroid hormones either because of a defect in the
pituitary or the thyroid itself is called hypothyroidism.)
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) - Stimulates the adrenal gland to produce
several related steroid hormones
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - Hormones
that control sexual function and production of the sex steroids, estrogen and
progesterone in females or testosterone in males
Prolactin - Hormone that stimulates milk production in females
The posterior lobe produces the following hormones, which are not regulated by
the hypothalamus:
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) - Controls water loss by the kidneys
Oxytocin - Contracts the uterus during childbirth and stimulates milk production
The hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are actually produced in the brain
and carried to the pituitary gland through nerves. They are stored in the pituitary
gland.
3. Pineal Body
The pineal body, or pineal gland, is located in the middle of the brain. It secretes a
hormone called melatonin, which may help regulate the wake-sleep cycle of the
body.
4. Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is located in the lower front part of the neck. It produces thyroid
hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. It also plays a role in bone growth
and development of the brain and nervous system in children. The pituitary gland
controls the release of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones also help maintain
normal blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, muscle tone, and reproductive
functions.
5. Parathyroid Glands
The parathyroid glands are two pairs of small glands embedded in the surface of
the thyroid gland, one pair on each side. They release parathyroid hormone,
which plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism.
6. Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands are triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney.
The adrenal glands are made up of two parts. The outer part is called the adrenal
cortex, and the inner part is called the adrenal medulla. The outer part produces
hormones called corticosteroids, which regulate the body's metabolism, the
balance of salt and water in the body, the immune system, and sexual function.
The inner part, or adrenal medulla, produces hormones called catecholamines
Medical English 1
Page23
(for example, adrenaline). These hormones help the body cope with physical and
emotional stress by increasing the heart rate and blood pressure.
7. Pancreas
Is an elongated organ located toward the back of the abdomen behind the
stomach. The pancreas has digestive and hormonal functions. One part of the
pancreas, the exocrine pancreas, secretes digestive enzymes. The other part of
the pancreas, the endocrine pancreas, secretes hormones called insulin and
glucagon. These hormones regulate the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
8. Testis
In males, the testes, located in the scrotum, secrete hormones called androgens;
the most important of which is testosterone. These hormones affect many male
characteristics (for example, sexual development, growth of facial hair and pubic
hair) as well as sperm production.
9. Ovary
In females, the ovaries, located on both sides of the uterus, produce estrogen and
progesterone as well as eggs. These hormones control the development of
female characteristics (for example, breast growth), and they are also involved in
reproductive functions (for example, menstruation, pregnancy).
Check your understanding
1. Are the hormones important? Why?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Medical English 1
Page24
3 In this unit you are going to learn about indefinite Pronouns Look at the following
chart and do the following activities
some
every
no
any
something
somebody
someone
somewhere
everything
everybody
everyone
everywhere
nothing
nobody
no one
nowhere
anything
anybody
anyone
anywhere
Page25
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Write down a dialogue using the indefinite Pronouns and the vocabulary from this
unit. Then act it out.
Our links
5
Here you have some link to practice the grammar from this unit.
http://www.grammar.cl/Basic/ indefinite Pronouns .htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/ indefinite Pronouns .htm
Medical English 1
Page26
UNIT
THE URINARY SYSTEM
Warm ups
1
10
Reading
2
Medical English 1
Page27
Renal Arteries
Two renal arteries constantly transport blood to the kidneys.
Renal Veins
Two renal veins return useful nutrients back into the bloodstream.
Ureters
Two ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Urinary Bladder
The urinary bladder temporarily stores urine until it is released from the body.
Urethra
The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of
the body. The outer end of the urethra is controlled by a circular muscle called a
sphincter.
Kidneys
The human kidneys are the major organs of bodily excretion .They are beanshaped organs located on either side of the backbone at about the level of the
stomach and liver. Blood always enters the kidneys through renal arteries and
leaves through renal veins. Tubes called ureters carry waste products from the
kidneys to the urinary bladder for storage or for release.
The product of the kidneys is urine, a watery solution of waste products, salts,
organic compounds, and two important nitrogen compounds: uric acid and urea.
Uric acid results from nucleic acid decomposition, and urea results from amino acid
breakdown in the liver. Both of these nitrogen products can be poisonous to the
body and must be removed in the urine.
Nephron
The nephron is the basic functional and structural unit of the kidney. Its main
function is to regulate the amount of water and soluble substances by filtering the
blood and reabsorbing what is needed.
Check your understanding
1. What does urine contain?
________________________________________________________________
2. What are the parts of the urinary system?
________________________________________________________________
3. What are the functions of the renal veins?
________________________________________________________________
4. What is the main function of the nephron?
______________________________________________________________
Medical English 1
Page28
UNIT
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Warm ups
11
Reading
Medical English 1
Page29
Scrotum: This is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind and below the
penis. It contains the testicles (also called testes), as well as many nerves and
blood vessels. The scrotum acts as a "climate control system" for the testes. For
normal sperm development, the testes must be at a temperature slightly cooler
than body temperature. Special muscles in the wall of the scrotum allow it to
contract and relax, moving the testicles closer to the body for warmth or farther
away from the body to cool the temperature.
Testicles (testes): These are oval organs about the size of large olives that lie in
the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord. Most
men have two testes. The testes are responsible for making testosterone, the
primary male sex hormone, and for generating sperm. Within the testes are coiled
masses of tubes called seminiferous tubules. These tubes are responsible for
producing sperm cells.
The internal organs of the male reproductive system, also called accessory organs,
include the following:
Epididymis: The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of
each testicle. It transports and stores sperm cells that are produced in the testes. It
also is the job of the epididymis to bring the sperm to maturity, since the sperm that
emerge from the testes are immature and incapable of fertilization. During sexual
arousal, contractions force the sperm into the vas deferens.
Vas deferens: The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the
epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. The vas deferens
transports mature sperm to the urethra, the tube that carries urine or sperm to
outside of the body, in preparation for ejaculation.
Ejaculatory ducts: These are formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the
seminal vesicles. The ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra.
Medical English 1
Page30
Urethra: The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of
the body. In males, it has the additional function of ejaculating semen when the
man reaches orgasm. When the penis is erect during sex, the flow of urine is
blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm.
Seminal vesicles: The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that attach to the
vas deferens near the base of the bladder. The seminal vesicles produce a sugarrich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy to help them move.
The fluid of the seminal vesicles makes up most of the volume of a man's
ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate.
Medical English 1
Page31
Grammar
3 In this unit you are going to learn about Simple Past. Look at the following chart
and do the following activities
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
SUBJECT
VERB
I
analyzed
You
removed
We
caught
They
drank
He
had
She
had
It
had
COMPLEMENT
a microbe
a tumor
a cold
a cough syrup
genital herpes
chlamydia
syphilis
REGULAR VERBS
1.- Verbs ending in "e," then just add "d".
Analyze
analyzed
Remove
removed
Describe
described
Medical English 1
Page32
2.- Verbs ending in a consonant + y you have to turn the y into - ied
Study
studied
Carry
carried
Hurry
hurried
3.- Verbs ending in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) + y, you have to add only ed.
Play
played
Stay
stayed
4.- When you have a consonant after a short stressed vowel at the end of the word
Stop
stopped
Plan
planned
5.- for the rest of the regular verbs you have to add only ed.
Work
worked
Suffer
suffered
Explain
explained
Disconnect disconnected
Infinite
Be
Buy
eat
Go
Have
Make
Take
IRREGULAR VERBS
Simple Past
Was were
Bought
Ate
Went
had
Made
Took
Medical English 1
Page33
Our links
5 Here you have some link to practice the grammar from this unit.
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.htmlhttp://www.englischhttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past
Medical English 1
Page34
UNIT
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Warm ups
12
Reading
2 Read the following and answer the questions
Medical English 1
Page35
Uterus (womb): The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a
developing fetus. The uterus is divided into two parts: the cervix, which is the lower
part that opens into the vagina, and the main body of the uterus, called the corpus.
The corpus can easily expand to hold a developing baby. A channel through the
cervix allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to exit.
Ovaries: The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side
of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.
Fallopian tubes: These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the
uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the
uterus. Conception, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the
fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where it implants into
the lining of the uterine wall.
Medical English 1
Page36
Grammar
3 In this unit you are going to learn about Simple Past. Look at the following chart
and do the following activities
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
SUBJECT
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Medical English 1
AUXILIARY
did not /
didnt
VERB
analyze
remove
catch
drink
have
have
have
COMPLEMENT
a microbe
a tumor
a cold
a cough syrup
genital herpes
chlamydia
syphilis
Page37
INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS
AUXILIARY
Did
Did
I
you
we
they
he
she
it
AUXILIARY
WH
QUESTION
WORDS
How often did
When
Why
SUBJECT
did
did
VERB
COMPLEMENT
QUESTION
MARK
?
analyze
the results
cure
the patient
have
a stiff neck
have
a sunburn
have
genital herpes
?
have
chlamydia
have
syphilis
SUBJECT
VERB
COMPLEMENT QUESTION
MARK
I
you
we
they
he
she
it
analyze
cure
have
have
have
have
have
the results
the patient
a stiff neck
a sunburn
genital herpes
chlamydia
syphilis
Write down a dialogue using the SIMPLE PAST and the vocabulary from this unit.
Then act it out.
Medical English 1
Page38
Our links
5 Here you have some link to practice the grammar from this unit.
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.htmlhttp://www.englischhttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simple-past
Medical English 1
Page39
LIST OF VERBS
Los verbos regulares forman el Simple Past y el Past Participle agregando -ed al infinitivo. Los
verbos irregulares no siguen esta regla y deben de ser aprendidos de memoria, estos se
encuentran marcados con (i).
Infinitive
Simple Past
Past Participle
Spanish
add
added
added
agregar
answer
answered
answered
responder
apologise
apologised
apologised
disculparse
arrest
arrested
arrested
arrestar
arrive
arrived
arrived
llegar
ask
asked
asked
preguntar
attack
attacked
attacked
atacar
be (i)
was / were
been
ser
become (i)
became
become
convertirse
begin (i)
began
begun
comenzar
believe
believed
believed
creer
boil
boiled
boiled
hervir
book
booked
booked
reservar
borrow
borrowed
borrowed
tomar prestado
break (i)
broke
broken
romper
bring (i)
brought
brought
traer
build (i)
built
built
construir
buy (i)
bought
bought
comprar
catch (i)
caught
caught
atrapar
carry
carried
carried
llevar
change
changed
changed
cambiar
chop
chopped
chopped
picar
clean
cleaned
cleaned
limpiar
climb
climbed
climbed
escalar
collect
collected
collected
colleccionar
come (i)
came
come
venir
compose
composed
composed
componer
cook
cooked
cooked
cocinar
copy
copied
copied
copiar
cut (i)
cut
cut
cortar
dance
danced
danced
bailar
describe
described
described
describir
destroy
destroyed
destroyed
destruir
die
died
died
morir
discover
discovered
discovered
descubrir
discuss
discussed
discussed
discutir
do (i)
did
done
hacer
Medical English 1
Page40
draw (i)
drew
drawn
dibujar
dream (i)
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt/dreamed
soar
drink (i)
drank
drunk
beber
drive (i)
drove
driven
conducir
dye
dyed
dyed
teir
eat (i)
ate
eaten
comer
enjoy
enjoyed
enjoyed
disfrutar
explode
exploded
exploded
explotar
extinguish
extinguished
extinguished
extinguirse
fall (i)
fell
fallen
caer
feed (i)
fed
fed
alimentar
feel (i)
felt
felt
sentir
fight (i)
fought
fought
pelear
find (i)
found
found
encontrar
fly (i)
flew
flown
volar
forget (i)
forgot
forgotten
olvidar
freeze (i)
froze
frozen
congelar
fry
fried
fried
frer
give (i)
gave
given
dar
go (i)
went
gone
ir
grow (i)
grew
grown
crecer
happen
happened
happened
suceder
hate
hated
hated
odiar
have (i)
had
had
tener
hear (i)
heard
heard
or
help
helped
helped
ayudar
hire
hired
hired
alquilar
hope
hoped
hoped
esperar
hunt
hunted
hunted
cazar
hurt (i)
hurt
hurt
herir, doler
imagine
imagined
imagined
imaginar
invent
invented
invented
inventar
invite
invited
invited
invitar
jump
jumped
jumped
saltar
keep (i)
kept
kept
guardar
kill
killed
killed
matar
know (i)
knew
known
saber
leave(i)
left
left
dejar
lend (i)
lent
lent
prestar
lie (i)
lay
lain
yacer
lie
lied
lied
mentir
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lift
lifted
lifted
levantar
like
liked
liked
gustar
listen
listened
listened
escuchar
live
lived
lived
vivir
look
looked
looked
mirar
lose (i)
lost
lost
perder
love
loved
loved
amar
make (i)
made
made
hacer
meet (i)
met
met
conocer, encontrar
miss
missed
missed
perder, extraar
offer
offered
offered
ofrecer
open
opened
opened
abrir
pack
packed
packed
empacar
pass
passed
passed
pasar, aprobar
pay (i)
paid
paid
pagar
peel
peeled
peeled
pelar
phone
phoned
phoned
plan
planned
planned
planificar
play
played
played
jugar
pour
poured
poured
verter
prefer
preferred
preferred
preferir
prepare
prepared
prepared
preparar
push
pushed
pushed
empujar
put (i)
put
put
poner
rain
rained
rained
llover
read (i)
read
read
leer
reduce
reduced
reduced
reducir
remember
remembered
remembered
recordar
rent
rented
rented
alquilar
rescue
rescued
rescued
rescatar
return
returned
returned
volver, devolver
ring (i)
rang
rung
run (i)
ran
run
correr
save
saved
saved
ahorrar
say (i)
said
said
decir
search
searched
searched
buscar
send (i)
sent
sent
enviar
scream
screamed
screamed
gritar
see (i)
saw
seen
ver
sell (i)
sold
sold
vender
shine (i)
shone
shone
brillar
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shoot (i)
shot
shot
disparar
shut (i)
shut
shut
cerrar
sing (i)
sang
sung
cantar
sit (i)
sat
sat
sentarse
skate
skated
skated
patinar
ski
skied
skied
esquiar
sleep (i)
slept
slept
dormir
smell
smelled
smelled
oler
snore
snored
snored
roncar
speak (i)
spoke
spoken
hablar
spend (i)
spent
spent
gastar
start
started
started
comenzar
stay
stayed
stayed
quedarse
steal (i)
stole
stolen
robar
stop
stopped
stopped
detener
study
studied
studied
estudiar
survive
survived
survived
sobrevivir
swim (i)
swam
swum
nadar
take (i)
took
taken
tomar
talk
talked
talked
hablar
teach (i)
taught
taught
ensear
tell (i)
told
told
decir
thank
thanked
thanked
agradecer
think (i)
thought
thought
pensar
throw (i)
threw
thrown
lanzar
touch
touched
touched
tocar
try
tried
tried
intentar
use
used
used
usar
understand (i)
understood
understood
entender
visit
visited
visited
visitar
wait
waited
waited
esperar
walk
walked
walked
caminar
want
wanted
wanted
querer
warn
warned
warned
advertir
wash
washed
washed
lavar
watch
watched
watched
mirar
wear (i)
wore
worn
llevar puesto
win (i)
won
won
ganar
work
worked
worked
trabajar
write (i)
wrote
written
escribir
Source: http://www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/verbs2.html
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