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Purpose Clauses: , , ()
X does Y in order that ________________ .
So, what is the tense of the Y being done (the main verb)? Is that tense
primary or secondary? Check. Next, what is the tense of the dependent
verb? Does it show repeated/progressive aspect or simple aspect?
Primary sequence is translated with may; secondary with might.
Position
I. Attributive position: the article of the noun modified precedes the
adjective modifying that noun.
1) the good man
2) the man the good
3) man the good
**these are phrases, NOT complete sentences
II. Predicative position: the adj. agrees with a noun + article, but the
article does not precede the noun.
1) the man good
2) good the man
3) the men good
**the adjective here is called the predicate adjective, i.e., one that
stands in predicate position. the sentence, which amount to, e.g., the
man is good, is called a nominal sentence. noun, article, and adj. in
nominal case. there can also be a predicate noun: the book gift
the book is a gift.
Conditional Sentences
A sentence of two statements, one making an assumption and the
other drawing a conclusion or expressing what follows, e.g., If I buy a
cow, then my wife will finally love me. There are six formulas given:
1) Future More Vivid Conditional Sentence
+ subjunctive future indicative
does will do
If you eat this turd, I will buy you a car.
2) Future Less Vivid CS
+optative + optative
should do would do
Should you fail the exam, he would buy you ice cream.
3) Present General CS
+ subjunctive present indicative
does does
When/If ever I feel fat and sassy, I go for a walk and listen to
Kelly Clarkson.
4) Past General CS
+ optative imperfect indicative
did did
When Fido farted, the cats fled the room.
5) Present Contra CS
+ imperfect indicative + imperfect indicative
were doing would be doing
Were we to beat them, we would be crowned champions of the
universe.
6) Past Contra CS
+ aorist indicative + aorist indicative
had done would have done
If you had listened to me, you would have been a star.
- To err is human.
Infinitive as direct object
- I desire to believe (i.e., to have faith).
Here, I is the subject performing the action of desiring
the desired
object is to believe or to have faith.
- I ordered Bob to kiss my ass.
Here, both Bob and to kiss (inf.) are in the accusative,
i.e., both are
objects of the main verb (I) ordered.)
Infinitive etc.
-To err is human Erring is human
When the infinitive is accompanied by an article it is called an
articular infinitive. The infinitive has tense and voice; the
accompanying article conveys the infinitives case. It will be the neuter
singular form of the definite pronoun: , , , .
The desire to learn is noble. In Greek: the desire of learning
(genitive) is
S.
S.
nom.
gen.
dat.
acc.
P.
nom.
gen.
dat.
acc.
masc.
neuter
nom.
gen.
dat.
acc.
P.
nom.
gen.
dat.
acc.
fem.
masc.
fem. neuter
Note that the relative pronouns each possess both accent and rough
breathing marks, and have lost the s present in the definite article.
Independent Subjunctive
The subjunctive has been seen in 1) the latter part of purpose clauses
when the main verb is in a primary tense, and 2) the Future More Vivid
( + subj. fut. indicative) and Present General ( + subj.
present indicative) conditional sentences. It is also used in independent
clauses:
1) Hortatory Subjunctive
-expresses the will of the speaker using the first person of the
present or
aorist subjunctive
-its negative is
-tense shows aspect only
-translation:
Let us (not)
subjunctive
.
2) Deliberative Subjunctive
-expresses speakers uncertainty about an action to take w/ 1st
pers. pres. or
aor. subjunctive
-its negative is
-tense shows aspect only
-translation:
Am I/Are we to (not)
subjunctive
3) Prohibitive Subjunctive
-expresses a prohibition using and the second person of the
aorist
subjunctive
-tense shows aspect only
-translation:
Do not
subjunctive
.
***Any independent subjunctive can be used instead of a
future indicative in the apodosis of a FUTURE MORE VIVID
Conditional Sentence:
If we buy cake, do not hide it from your sister.
***
Omitted:
-
Partitive Genitive
Genitive of Time Within Which
Dative of Time at Which
Accusative of Extent of Time
Accusative of Extent of Space
(see pgs. 146 149)
masc.
fem.
neuter
+ accusative
+ genitive
+ dative
all three of the above (as well as the masc., fem., singular and plural
definite articles, , , , ) are proclitics
Unit 2
+ genitive
a
within
+ genitive
+ accusative
+ dative
+ genitive
(in the
action commanded
Unit 3
+ genitive
instead of
through
on account of
+ genitive
+ accusative
+ genitive
+ dative
+ accusative
concerning, about
around stationary
concerning, around circling
Unit 4
+ genitive
+ accusative
with (people)
after
+ dat
with the
+ genitive
+ dative
+ accusative
, ,
, etc.
Unit 6
, etc.
, etc.
free (+ genitive)
+ preceding genetive
+ genitive
+ accusative
under; against
according to
infinitive of
Unit 7
+ genitive
without
genitive of charge
internal/cognate accusative