Você está na página 1de 7

Available online at www.sciencedirect.

com

ScienceDirect
Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1880 1886

,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQXIDFWXULQJDQG0DWHULDOV(QJLQHHULQJ
$00(

)ODPPDELOLW\&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRI&KHPLFDO7UHDWHG:RYHQ1DWXUDO
)DEULF5HLQIRUFHG3KHQRO)RUPDOGHK\GH&RPSRVLWHV
.1%KDUDWK DQG6%DVDYDUDMDSSD

5HVHDUFK6FKRODU'HSDUWPHQWRI6WXGLHVLQ0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
8%'7&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ'DYDQDJHUH  .DUQDWDND,QGLD

3URIHVVRU'HSDUWPHQWRI6WXGLHVLQ0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
8%'7&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ'DYDQDJHUH   .DUQDWDND,QGLD

$EVWUDFW
,QUHFHQW\HDUVQDWXUDOILEHUUHLQIRUFHGFRPSRVLWHVDUHILQGLQJQHZDSSOLFDWLRQVLQPDQ\VHFWRUVDVWKH\FDQ\LHOGHFRQRPLF
HQYLURQPHQWDODQGVRFLDOEHQHILWV,QFHUWDLQLQGXVWULHVVXFKDVEXLOGLQJDQGWUDQVSRUWUHGXFHGPDWHULDOIODPPDELOLW\LVD NH\
UHTXLUHPHQW 7KH DLP RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR H[DPLQH IODPPDELOLW\ SURSHUW\ RQ 1DWXUDOO\ :RYHQ FRFRQXW WUHH OHDI VKHDWK &/6
UHLQIRUFHG 3KHQRO )RUPDOGHK\GH 3)  FRPSRVLWHV &/6 FRPSRVLWH ZHUH SUHSDUHG LQ ERWK WUHDWHG DQG XQWUHDWHG IRUPV ZLWK
YROXPHIUDFWLRQRIRIVKHDWKDQGRI3KHQRO)RUPDOGHK\GHUHVLQ&/6ZHUHFKHPLFDOO\WUHDWHGXVLQJRI1D2+DQG
FRPSRVLWHVSODWHVZHUHSUHSDUHGE\XVLQJDK\GUDXOLFKRWSUHVVDW&)ODPPDELOLW\RIWKHVHFRPSRVLWHVZDVHYDOXDWHGXVLQJ
8QGHUZULWHUV/DERUDWRU\WHVW 8/ DQGOLPLWLQJR[\JHQLQGH[ /2, 7KH8/IODPPDELOLW\WHVWVLQFOXGHDVWDQGDUGEXUQLQJ
WHVW DSSOLHG WR YHUWLFDO 8/ 9  DQG KRUL]RQWDO WHVW 8/ +% EDUV IURP ZKLFK D JHQHUDO IODPPDELOLW\ UDWLQJ LV GHULYHG ,Q
WUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV WKH PDVV ORVV UDWH DQG IODPH SURSDJDWLRQ UDWH RI WUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV KDV EHHQ GHFUHDVHG DQG UHVLVWDQFHV WR
IODPHKDV EHHQLQFUHDVHGDQGLW LV SURYHGLQERWK8/9DQG8/+%WHVWV$QGLQ/LPLWLQJR[\JHQLQGH[WHVWDONDOLWUHDWHG
FRPSRVLWHVUHTXLUHVPRUHR[\JHQWKDQXQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOWREXUQ7KHUHVXOWREWDLQHGUHYHDOHGWKDWWKHDONDOLQH WUHDWHG
&/6ILEHUZLWK3)UHVLQKDVPRUHFRPSDWLELOLW\+HQFHWUHDWPHQWRI&/6ILEHUVZLOOLPSURYHWKHIODPPDELOLW\RIWKHFRPSRVLWH
PDWHULDOLQGLFDWLQJWKDWPDWHULDOVKDYHSURPLVLQJDSSOLFDWLRQVLQFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGGHFRUDWLYHSXUSRVHV

7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU
/WG This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Crown
Copyright
2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Selection
and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing
Committee of AMME 2014
6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI
2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRI$00(
.H\ZRUGV 1DWXUDOIDEULF FRPSRVLWHV1D2+7UHDWPHQW)ODPPDELOLW\SURSHUW\3KHQRO)RUPDOGHK\GH

 7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[
6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI 2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRI$00(

2211-8128 Crown Copyright 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014
doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.507

K.N. Bharath and S. Basavarajappa / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1880 1886

 ,QWURGXFWLRQ
1DWXUDO ILEUHV VXFK DV NHQDI KHPS RU IOD[ XVHG DV UHLQIRUFHPHQW PDWHULDOV DORQJ ZLWK WKHUPRSODVWLF PDWULFHV
OHDGV WR QDWXUDO ILEHU FRPSRVLWHV H[KLELWLQJ UHGXFWLRQV LQ ZHLJKW FRVW DQG FDUERQ GLR[LGH HPLVVLRQ DQG DUH
ELRGHJUDGDEOH7KHVHFRPSRVLWHVRIIHUIULHQGO\SURFHVVLQJ ORZWRROZHDUDQGOLWWOHVNLQ LUULWDWLRQ DQGKDYHJRRG
WKHUPDODQGDFRXVWLFSURSHUWLHV7KH\DOVRKDYHDORZVSHFLILFZHLJKWZKLFKUHVXOWVLQDKLJKHUVSHFLILFVWUHQJWKDQG
VWLIIQHVV FRPSDUHG WR JODVV ILEHUV 7KHVH FRPSRVLWHV FRXOG UHDVRQDEO\ ILQG DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ VHYHUDO DUHDV VXFK DV
WUDQVSRUWDWLRQHOHFWULFDODQGHOHFWURQLFHTXLSPHQWV DQG ZHUHVWXGLHGE\6RSKLH'XTXHVQHHWDODQG6&KDSSOHHWDO
7KHVHZHUHDOVRZLGHO\XVHGLQLQWHULRUDXWRPRWLYHSDQHODQGUHVLGHQWLDOFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\)ODPPDELOLW\LVRQH
RIWKHVLJQLILFDQWSDUDPHWHUVZKLFKOLPLWWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIFRPSRVLWHVWREXLOGLQJLQGXVWU\DQGYHKLFOHVZDVZRUNHG
E\3DQ0LQJ]KXHWDO 1JDNDQ3XWX*HGH6XDUGDQDHWDOUHSRUWHGWKDWWKHIODPHUHVLVWDQFHRIQDWXUDOILEHUSRO\PHU
FRPSRVLWHV FDQ EH LPSURYHG E\ DGGLWLRQ RI )ODPH UHWDUGDQWV )5  7KH PRVW FRPPRQ PHWKRG RI DGGLQJ )5V LV
EOHQGLQJIODPHUHWDUGDQWILOOHUFRPSRXQGVLQWRDSRO\PHURUSRO\PHUFRPSRVLWHGXULQJSURFHVVLQJ$QRWKHUPHWKRG
IRULPSURYLQJIODPHUHVLVWDQFHRIFRPSRVLWHVLVE\VXUIDFHPRGLILFDWLRQEHIRUHWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVV =$O
+DVVDQ\ HW DO VWXGLHG ILUH UHWDUGDQW SRO\PHU EDVHG PDWHULDOV DV WKHUH LV PRUH GHPDQG IRU LPSURYHG VDIHW\ LQ
GRPHVWLFSXEOLFDQGLQGXVWULDOVLWXDWLRQVZKLFKDUHYHU\HVVHQWLDO
3HQJ &KHQ HW DO LQYHVWLJDWHG WKH IODPH VSUHDGLQJ PHFKDQLVP RYHU FKDUULQJ PDWHULDOV XQGHU QDWXUDO
FRQYHFWLRQ7KHUHODWLYHFRQWULEXWLRQVRIORFDOKHDWWUDQVIHUPRGHVDKHDGRIWKHS\URO\VLVIURQWKDYHEHHQHYDOXDWHG
DQG IRXQG WKDW KHDW FRQGXFWLRQ WKURXJK VROLG SKDVH LQFUHDVHV QRWDEO\ ZLWK  (SR[\Q\ORQ IDEULF ODPLQDWH
FRPSRVLWHV FRQWDLQLQJ VRPH SHUFHQW RI FOD\ UHLQIRUFHPHQWV ZHUH SUHSDUHG XVLQJ D KDQG OD\XS WHFKQLTXH 7KH
IDEULFDWHG ODPLQDWHV ZHUH WHVWHG IRU WKHUPDO VWDELOLW\ DQG IODPH UHWDUGDQF\ 7KH UHVXOWV UHYHDOHG WKDW WKHUPDO
VWDELOLW\ZDVIRXQGWRGHFUHDVHVOLJKWO\XSRQDGGLWLRQRIFOD\8/WHVWVFRQGXFWHGWRFKHFNIODPPDELOLW\RIWKH
FRPSRVLWHVDPSOHVVKRZHGUHGXFWLRQLQWKHEXUQLQJUDWHZDVZRUNHGE\71LUDQMDQD3UDEKXHWDO
-XQ <RXQJ -DQJ HW DO H[DPLQHG WKH PHFKDQLFDO DQG WKHUPR SK\VLFDO EHKDYLRU RI JUHHQ FRPSRVLWHV  3ODVPD
WUHDWPHQW ZDVDSSOLHGRQVXUIDFHRIWKHFRFRQXW ILEHUVWRLPSURYHWKHLQWHUIDFLDODGKHVLRQEHWZHHQWKHILEHUVDQG
PDWUL[ 7KH FRFRQXW ILEHUUHLQIRUFHG 3/$ FRPSRVLWHV ZHUH SUHSDUHG XVLQJ WKH FRPPLQJOHG \DUQ PHWKRG 7KH
PHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVVXFKDVWHQVLOHVWUHQJWK<RXQJVPRGXOXVDQGHORQJDWLRQDWEUHDNZHUHH[DPLQHGDQGWKH
VKULQNDJHDQGIODPHUHWDUGDQWSURSHUWLHVRIWKHVSHFLPHQVZHUHPHDVXUHG)URPWKHVHH[SHULPHQWVWKHHIIHFWRIWKH
SODVPD WUHDWPHQW RQ WKH PHFKDQLFDO DQG WKHUPR SK\VLFDO EHKDYLRU RI WKH FRFRQXW ILEHUV3/$ FRPSRVLWHV ZDV
HYDOXDWHG ,Q DGGLWLRQ PRUSKRORJLFDO DQDO\VLV ZDV SHUIRUPHG XVLQJ VFDQQLQJ HOHFWURQ PLFURVFRS\ 1LWLQDW
6XSSDNDUQHWDOLQKLVUHVHDUFKVWXGLHGRQPDJQHVLXPK\GUR[LGH 0J 2+  DQG]LQFERUDWHDVIODPHUHWDUGDQWV
ZKLFK ZHUH XVHG DV ILOOHUV LQWR VLVDO33 FRPSRVLWHV 0DOHLF DQK\GULGH JUDIWHG SRO\SURS\OHQH ZDV DOVR XVHG DV D
FRPSDWLELOL]HU $GGLQJ IODPH UHWDUGDQWV LQWR VLVDO33 FRPSRVLWHV UHGXFHG EXUQLQJ UDWH DQG LQFUHDVHG WKHUPDO
VWDELOLW\ RI WKH FRPSRVLWHV 7KHUHIRUH WKH DGGLWLRQ RI 0J 2+  DQG ]LQF ERUDWH HQKDQFHG IODPH UHWDUGDQF\ RI
VLVDO33FRPSRVLWHVZLWKRXWGHJUDGLQJWKHLUPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHV)LUHUHVLVWDQFHLVRQHRIWKHPDMRUGLVDGYDQWDJHV
LQPDQ\FRPSRVLWHDSSOLFDWLRQV
7KHFRFRQXWSDOP FRFRVQXFLIHUD LVDPHPEHURISDOPIDPLO\ DUHFDFHDH  7KH\DUHIRXQGLQ FRDVWDODUHDVRI
6RXWKHDVW $VLD 0DOD\VLD ,QGRQHVLD DQG 3KLOLSSLQHV  WURSLFDO 3DFLILF LVODQGV 0HODQHVLD 3RO\QHVLD DQG
0LFURQHVLD DQGZHVWZDUGWRFRDVWDO,QGLD6UL/DQND(DVW$IULFDDQGWURSLFDOLQWKH,QGLDQ2FHDQZDVUHSRUWHGE\
%KDUDWKDQG%DVDYDUDMDSSD,QWKLVSDSHUDZRYHQW\SHILEHUZKLFKLVQDWXUDOO\DYDLODEOHDVDIDEULF ZKLFKLVVHHQ
LQWKH KLGGHQSRUWLRQRIWKHFRFRQXWEUDQFKHV LVXVHGDVUHLQIRUFHPHQWIRU3)UHVLQ,QWKHYLHZRIWKHDERYHDQ
DWWHPSWKDVEHHQPDGHLQWKHSUHVHQWLQYHVWLJDWLRQWRVWXG\WKHIODPPDELOLW\SURSHUWLHVRIWUHDWHGDQGXQWUHDWHG&/6
ILEHU3)E\8/98/+%DQG/2,WHFKQLTXHV

1881

1882

K.N. Bharath and S. Basavarajappa / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1880 1886

 0DWHULDOV$QG0HWKRGV
 0DWHULDOV

)LJXUH6KRZV&RFRQXW7UHHZLWK/HDI6KHDWK

&RFRQXWOHDIVKHDWKILEHUVRFFXULQPDWIRUPDVVKRZQLQILJ7KHOHDIVKHDWKVFROOHFWHGIURPWKHWUHHVZHUH
GLSSHGLQZDWHUDQGWKRURXJKO\ZDVKHGZLWKWDSZDWHUWKHQGULHGLQWKHVXQOLJKWIRUDZHHN&OHDQHGOHDIVKHDWK
ZDVVHSDUDWHGWRLQQHUVKHDWKPDWDQGWKHRXWHUOD\HUILEHUV,QQHUVKHDWKPDWZHUHWUHDWHGZLWKDTXHRXVVRGLXP
K\GUR[LGH 1D2+  VROXWLRQ IRU  KRXU DW URRP WHPSHUDWXUH WR UHPRYH WKH KHPLFHOOXORVH DQG RWKHU XQZDQWHG
PDWHULDOVZKLFKUHVXOWVLQEHWWHUERQGLQJEHWZHHQILEHUDQGWKHPDWUL[)LQDOO\WKHILEHUVZHUHZDVKHGZLWKGLVWLOOHG
ZDWHUEHIRUHGU\LQJLQKRWDLURYHQIRUDSHULRGRIK
 0HWKRGV
)RU PDNLQJ WKH FRPSRVLWH D PROG RI GLPHQVLRQV  PP ZDV XVHG 7KH UHVLQ DQG IDEULF FRQWHQW LQ
&/6SKHQROLFFRPSRVLWHVZDVIRXQGWREHDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\7KLVV\VWHPZDVSURFHVVHGE\KDQGOD\XS
WHFKQLTXHIRUPDNLQJWHVWVSHFLPHQV7KHPRXOG ZDV SODFHGLQK\GUDXOLFSUHVVZKLFK LV PDLQWDLQHGDW&DQG
SUHVVXUHLVDSSOLHG7KLV VHWXS ZDV PDLQWDLQHGXQGLVWXUEHGDERXWDQKRXU$IWHUDQKRXUWKHPRXOGLVWDNHQRXWDQG
DOORZHGWRFRROIRUKDOIDQ KRXUDQGUHPRYHWKHFRPSRVLWHERDUGIURPWKHPRXOG
 ([SHULPHQWDWLRQ
 8/97HVW6HW8SDQG7HVW3DUDPHWHUV
8/9LVDYHUWLFDOEXUQLQJWHVW XVHGWRFRQGXFWIODPPDELOLW\WHVW IRUWUHDWHGDQGXQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV
7KHGLPHQVLRQV RIWKH VSHFLPHQVXVHGIRUWKHWHVW LVDVVKRZQLQILJ7KHVHDUHKHOGYHUWLFDOO\DQGH[SRVHGWRD
ODERUDWRU\EXUQHUIODPHWKUHHTXDUWHUVRIDQLQFKKLJK(DFKVDPSOHLVLJQLWHGIRUWHQVHFRQGVWKHIODPHDOORZHGWR
JRRXWDQGLJQLWHGIRUDVHFRQGWLPHRIWHQVHFRQGV7KHWLPHWDNHQ IRUWKHIODPHWR JRRXWLV PHDVXUHGDQGWKH
WHFKQLFLDQ ZDWFKHV IRU EXUQLQJ FKDU RU OLTXLG GURSOHWV IDOOLQJ 7KH DERYH SURFHGXUH ZDV UHSHDWHG IRU WKUHH
VSHFLPHQV

K.N. Bharath and S. Basavarajappa / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1880 1886

1883

)LJXUH6KRZVWKH7HVW6HWXSRI8/9

8/+% 7HVW6HW8S$QG7HVW3DUDPHWHUV
7KH UDWHRI IODPHVSUHDGRIDOOWKHVDPSOHVZHUHLQYHVWLJDWHGE\WKHKRUL]RQWDOEXUQLQJ +% WHVW DFFRUGLQJWRWKH
8/WHVWVWDQGDUGV7KHGLPHQVLRQV RIWKH VSHFLPHQVXVHGIRUWKHWHVW LVDVVKRZQLQILJ7HVWV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG
IRU WKUHH VDPSOHV 7KH VDPSOH LV KRUL]RQWDOO\ PRXQWHG RQ WKH VWDQG DQG IODPH DSSOLHG WR WKH IUHH HQG RI WKH
VSHFLPHQ IRU  V 7KH WLPH IRU WKH IODPH IURQW WR PRYH EHWZHHQ WKH EHQFKPDUNV LV PHDVXUHG 7KH VDPSOH LV
FODVVLILHGDV+%UDWLQJLILWVEXUQLQJ UDWHGRHVQRWH[FHHGPPPLQRUVHOIH[WLQJXLVK EHIRUHPPEHQFKPDUN

)LJXUH 6KRZVWKH7HVW6HWXSRI8/+%

 /LPLWHG 2[\JHQ,QGH[7HVW


/2,YDOXHVRIVDPSOHVZHUHPHDVXUHGDFFRUGLQJWR$670'XVLQJDQ6$$VVRFLDWHVV3/$721 R[\JHQ
LQGH[ DSSDUDWXV 7KH VSHFLPHQV XVHG IRU WKH WHVW ZHUH RI GLPHQVLRQV ;;PP  7KH R[\JHQ LQGH[ WHVW LV
FRQVLGHUHG RQH RI WKH PRVW XVHIXO IODPPDELOLW\ WHVWV EHFDXVH LW DOORZV RQH WR SUHFLVHO\ UDWH WKH PDWHULDOV RQ D
QXPHULFDO EDVLV 7KH WHVW GHWHUPLQHV WKH PLQLPXP FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI R[\JHQ LQ D PL[WXUH RI R[\JHQ DQG QLWURJHQ
IORZLQJXSZDUGLQDWHVWFROXPQWKDWZLOOMXVWVXSSRUWFRPEXVWLRQ 7KHWHVWVSHFLPHQXVHGLQWKHH[SHULPHQWPXVW
EHGU\VLQFHWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWRIVRPHPDWHULDOVDOWHUVWKHR[\JHQLQGH[ %DVLFDOO\LIWKHWHVWVSHFLPHQLVKDUGWR
EXUQLWUHTXLUHV PRUHR[\JHQWRFDXVHIODPLQJFRPEXVWLRQDQGWKLVLQFUHDVHVLWV R[\JHQ LQGH[

1884

K.N. Bharath and S. Basavarajappa / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1880 1886

5HVXOWVDQG'LVFXVVLRQ
8/97HVW

)LJXUH&RPSDULVRQRIIODPH SURSDJDWLRQIRU
XQWUHDWHGDQGWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHVUDWH

)LJXUH&RPSDULVRQRI PDVVORVVUDWHIRU
XQWUHDWHGDQGWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHVUDWH

7DEOH9HUWLFDOWHVWUHVXOWVIRUWUHDWHGDQGXQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV

7\SHRI&RPSRVLWHV

7UHDWHG

8QWUHDWHG

7LPH

,QLWLDOZHLJKWJPV

)LQDOZHLJKWJPV

















































VHF

)ODPHWUDYHOPP

7KHDERYHILJ  VKRZVWKHFRPSDULVRQRIPDVVORVVUDWHRIXQWUHDWHGDQGWUHDWHG &/6ILEHUFRPSRVLWHV )URP WKH


ILJXUH LW LV FOHDU WKDW WKH WUHDWHG FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV KDYH OHVV PDVV ORVV UDWH LQ JPVVHF WKDQ WKH XQWUHDWHG
FRPSRVLWHV GXHWRWKHDEVHQFHRI KHPLFHOOXORVHVXSRQDONDOLWUHDWPHQW ZKLFKFDXVHV SURSHUDGKHVLRQEHWZHHQWKH
ILEHUV DQG UHVLQ 7KH DERYH )LJ  VKRZV WKH FRPSDULVRQ RI IODPH SURSDJDWLRQ UDWH RI XQWUHDWHG DQG WUHDWHG &/6
ILEHU FRPSRVLWHV  7KH UHVXOWV UHYHDOHG WKDW WKH XQWUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV DUH KDYLQJ PRUH IODPH SURSDJDWLRQ UDWH LQ
PPVHF WKDQWKHWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV8QWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV KDYHORRVH ERQGLQJ VRIODPHFDQSURSDJDWHHDVLO\DQG
LPPHQVHO\
7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVW\SHRIH[SHULPHQWLVWRSURYLGHPRUHTXDOLWDWLYHREVHUYDWLRQVRIS\URO\VLVDQGIODPHVSUHDG
DV UHSRUWHG E\0:&KDLHW DO 6DQMLY $URUD HWDO ZRUNHGRQ WKHIRUPDWLRQRILQWHUPROHFXODUK\GURJHQERQGLQJ
EHWZHHQ K\GUR[\O JURXSV LQ WUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV ZKLFK DUH WKHUPDOO\ PRUH VWDEOH 7DEOH  VKRZV WKH HIIHFW RI WKH
DONDOLQH WUHDWPHQW RQ WKH ILUH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WUHDWHG DQG XQWUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV $ONDOLQH WUHDWPHQW RQ WKH ILEHUV
LQFUHDVHV WKHPHOWLQJ WHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHFRPSRXQGDQGUHGXFHV WKHKHDWRIIXVLRQ $QGLWLVSURYHGWKDWFKHPLFDO
WUHDWPHQWRQFRPSRVLWHVHQKDQFHVIODPPDELOLW\SURSHUW\DVUHSRUWHGE\ (<,VKLGL HWDO

1885

K.N. Bharath and S. Basavarajappa / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1880 1886

 8/+%7HVW

)LJXUH&RPSDULVRQRI PDVVORVVUDWHIRU
XQWUHDWHGDQGWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHVUDWH

)LJXUH&RPSDULVRQRIIODPH SURSDJDWLRQIRU
XQWUHDWHGDQGWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHVUDWH

7DEOH+RUL]RQWDOWHVWUHVXOWVIRUWUHDWHGDQGXQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV

7\SHRI&RPSRVLWHV

7UHDWHG

8QWUHDWHG

7LPH

,QLWLDOZHLJKWJPV

)LQDOZHLJKWJPV

















































VHF

)ODPHWUDYHOPP

&RPSDULVRQRIPDVVORVVUDWHRIXQWUHDWHGDQGWUHDWHG &/6 ILEHUFRPSRVLWHV LVVKRZQLQWKHDERYH)LJ)URP


ILJXUH LWLV HYLGHQW WKDWXQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV DUHKDYH KLJKPDVVORVVUDWHLQJPVVHFWKDQ WKHWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV
7KHILEUHVSURYLGHSDUWLDOSURWHFWLRQWRLJQLWLRQDFWLQJDVDKHDWVLQNDVZHOODVDSK\VLFDOEDUULHUWRWKHKHDWVRXUFH
7KHIOD[ILEUHVRQWKHRWKHUKDQGDUHWKHPVHOYHVVXVFHSWLEOHWRLJQLWLRQDQGFRPEXVWLRQ
$VVKRZQLQWDEOH WKHWLPHWRIODPHH[WLQJXLVKPHQWZDVDOVRORQJHUIRUWKHILEUHUHLQIRUFHGVDPSOHVGHVSLWH
DSSHDULQJWREXUQ PRUHYLJRURXVO\ YLVXDOO\ 7KHDERYH)LJ  VKRZVWKHFRPSDULVRQRI IODPHSURSDJDWLRQUDWHRI
XQWUHDWHGDQGWUHDWHG &/6 ILEHUFRPSRVLWHV )URPWKHJUDSKLWLVFOHDUWKDWWKHWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOV KDYH OHVV
IODPHSURSDJDWLRQUDWHLQPPVHFWKDQWKHXQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV7KLVLV GXHWRWKH JRRG DGKHVLRQ EHWZHHQILEHUDQG
PDWUL[ LQWKH &/6ILEHU WUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV 7KLVJLYHVEHWWHUERQGLQJDQG IODPHFDQQRWSURSDJDWHHDVLO\ WKXV IODPH
WUDYHOLVOHVVLQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWH+HQFHIODPHSURSDJDWLRQUDWH ZDV OHVVLQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV DVUHSRUWHG E\ 0:
&KDLHWDO

1886

K.N. Bharath and S. Basavarajappa / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1880 1886

/LPLWHG2[\JHQ,QGH[ 7HVW
7KH /2, ZDV PHDVXUHG IRU &/6 XQWUHDWHG DQG WUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV 7KH /2, WHVW UHVXOWV IRXQG WKDW WKH
XQWUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV ZHUH  DQG  IRU WUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV 7KXV WUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV KDYH KLJKHU
IODPPDELOLW\DVLW UHTXLUHVPRUHR[\JHQWKDQXQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHVWREXUQ$WLNDK,VPDLOHWDOVWXGLHGDQGUHYHDOHG
WKDWKLJKHUR[\JHQFRQWHQW ZDVUHTXLUHGWRLQLWLDWHDQGVXVWDLQFRPEXVWLRQRIWKHVDPSOHV=KHQ;LX=KDQJHWDO
ZRUNHG RQ WKHVH IODPH UHWDUGDQWV IRU ZRRG FHOOXORVH 'LIIHUHQW FHOO ZDOO SRO\PHUV RI OLJQRFHOOXORVLF ILEUHV KDYH
GLIIHUHQW LQIOXHQFH RQ WKHLU SURSHUWLHV DQG GHJUDGDELOLW\ :DWHU HQKDQFHV UDWH RI GHJUDGDWLRQ WKURXJK VZHOOLQJ RI
ILEUHDQGWKLVOHDGVWRIXUWKHUOLJKWSHQHWUDWLRQ :HDWKHUHG FKHPLFDOO\WUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHVVKRZDUHODWLYHO\JUHDWHU
H[WHQWRIGHFUHDVHLQWHQVLOH VWUHQJWKZKLFKSURYHVWKDWWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHVXQGHUJRPRUHGHJUDGDWLRQFRPSDUHGWR
XQWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV ZDVVWXGLHGE\=1$]ZDHWDO
&RQFOXVLRQV
,Q WKH SUHVHQW H[SHULPHQWDO ZRUN XQWUHDWHG DQG WUHDWHG &/6 ILEHU UHLQIRUFHG SKHQRO IRUPDOGHK\GH UHVLQ ZHUH
WHVWHG DQG DQDO\]HG IRU )ODPPDELOLW\ 7KH PDVV ORVV UDWH DQG IODPH SURSDJDWLRQ UDWH RI WUHDWHG FRPSRVLWHV KDYH
EHHQGHFUHDVHGDQGUHVLVWDQFHWRIODPHRUILUHKDYHEHHQLQFUHDVHGLQERWK8/9DQG8/+%WHVWV5HGXFWLRQLQ
EXUQLQJUDWHKDGLQFUHDVHGWKHUPDOVWDELOLW\RIWKHWUHDWHGFRPSRVLWHV,Q/LPLWLQJR[\JHQLQGH[WHVWDONDOLWUHDWHG
FRPSRVLWHV UHTXLUHV PRUH R[\JHQ WKDQ XQWUHDWHG FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDO WR EXUQ 0RLVWXUH DEVRUSWLRQ FDQ EH UHGXFHG
WKURXJK ILEUH PRGLILFDWLRQV VXFK DV DONDOL]DWLRQ 3RRU DGKHVLRQ EHWZHHQ ILEUH SDUWLFOHV DQG SRO\PHU PDWUL[
JHQHUDWHVYRLGVSDFHVDURXQGWKHILEUHSDUWLFOHV+HQFHWUHDWPHQWRI&/6ILEHUVZLOOLPSURYHWKHIODPPDELOLW\RI WKH
FRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOLQGLFDWLQJWKDWPDWHULDOVKDYHSURPLVLQJDSSOLFDWLRQVLQFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGGHFRUDWLYHSXUSRVHV
5HIHUHQFHV
$O+DVVDQ\=*HQRYHVH$6KDQNV5$)LUHUHWDUGDQWDQGILUHEDUULHUSRO\ YLQ\ODFHWDWH FRPSRVLWHVIRUVHDODQW DSSOLFDWLRQ([SUHVV
3RO\PHU/HWWHUV
$WLNDK ,VPDLO $]PDQ+DVVDQ $]QL]DP$EX %DNDU -DZDLG 0  )ODPH 5HWDUGDQF\ DQG 0HFKDQLFDO 3URSHUWLHV RI .HQDI )LOOHG
3RO\SURS\OHQH 33 &RQWDLQLQJ$PPRQLXP3RO\SKRVSKDWH $33  6DLQV0DOD\VLDQD
$]ZD =1 <RXVLI %) 0DQDOR $& .DUXQDVHQD:  $ 5HYLHZ RQ WKH 'HJUDGDELOLW\ RI 3RO\PHULF &RPSRVLWHV %DVHG RQ 1DWXUDO
)LEUHV 0DWHULDOV 'HVLJQ 
%KDUDWK .1 %DVDYDUDMDSSD 6  7KHUPDO 'HJUDGDWLRQ RI 1DWXUDOO\ :RYHQ )DEULF 5HLQIRUFHG 3KHQRO )RUPDOGHK\GH EDVHG %LR
&RPSRVLWHV)RXUWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ5HFHQW$GYDQFHVLQ&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV*RD,QGLD
&KDL 0: %LFNHUWRQ 6 %KDWWDFKDU\\D ' 'DV 5  ,QIOXHQFH RI QDWXUDO ILEUH UHLQIRUFHPHQWV RQ WKH IODPPDELOLW\ RI ELRGHULYHG
FRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOV&RPSRVLWHV3DUW%
&KDSSOH6$QDQGMLZDOD5)ODPPDELOLW\RI1DWXUDO)LEHUUHLQIRUFHG&RPSRVLWHVDQG6WUDWHJLHVIRU)LUH5HWDUGDQF\$5HYLHZ-RXUQDO
RI7KHUPRSODVWLF&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV  
,VKLGL (< $GDPX ,.  .RODZDOH (* 6XQPRQX .2 <DNXEX 0.  )ODPPDELOLW\ DQG 7KHUPDO &KDUDFWHULVWLFV RI $ONDOLQH
$TXHRXV6ROXWLRQ7UHDWHG*URXQGQXW6KHOO+'3(&RPSRVLWHV-RXUQDORI7KHUPRSODVWLF&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV 
-XQ<RXQJ-DQJ7DH.\HRQJ-HRQJ+ZD-LQ2K-DH5\RXQ<RXQ<RXQJ6HRN6RQJ7KHUPDOVWDELOLW\DQGIODPPDELOLW\RIFRFRQXWILEHU
UHLQIRUFHGSRO\ ODFWLFDFLG FRPSRVLWHV&RPSRVLWHV3DUW%
1JDNDQ 3XWX *HGH 6XDUGDQD 0LQ 6HXFN .X -DH .\RR /LP  (IIHFWV RI GLDPPRQLXP SKRVSKDWH RQ WKH IODPPDELOLW\ DQG PHFKDQLFDO
SURSHUWLHVRIELRFRPSRVLWHV0DWHULDOVDQG'HVLJQ
1LUDQMDQD3UDEKX7'HPDSSD7+DULVK93UDVKDQWKD.0HFKDQLFDOWKHUPDODQG IODPHUHWDUGDQWSURSHUWLHVRIHSR[\Q\ORQIDEULF
FOD\K\EULGODPLQDWHV+LJK3HUIRUPDQFH3RO\PHUV 
1LWLQDW6XSSDNDUQ.DVDPD-DUXNXPMRUQ0HFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVDQGIODPPDELOLW\RIVLVDO33FRPSRVLWHV(IIHFWRIIODPHUHWDUGDQWW\SH
DQG FRQWHQW&RPSRVLWHV3DUW%
3DQ 0LQJ]KX /LDQ +DLODQ DQG 0HL &KDQJWRQJ  )ODPPDELOLW\ RI QDQR VLOLFRQ GLR[LGHZRRG ILEHUSRO\HWK\OHQH FRPSRVLWHV -RXUQDO RI
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV
3HQJ&KHQ-LQKXD6XQ;XHFKDR+H%HKDYLRURI)ODPH6SUHDG'RZQZDUGRYHU7KLFN:RRG6KHHWVDQG+HDW7UDQVIHU$QDO\VLV-RXUQDO
RI)LUH6FLHQFHV 
6DQMLY$URUD0DKHQGHU.XPDU0DKHVK.XPDU)ODPPDELOLW\DQGWKHUPDOGHJUDGDWLRQVWXGLHVRI39$ULFHKXVNFRPSRVLWHV-RXUQDORI
5HLQIRUFHG3ODVWLFVDQG&RPSRVLWHV
6RSKLH 'XTXHVQH )DELHQQH 6DP\Q 3LHUUH 2XDJQH 6HUJH %RXUELJRW  )ODPH UHWDUGDQF\ DQG PHFKDQLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI IOD[ UHLQIRUFHG
ZRYHQIRUFRPSRVLWHDSSOLFDWLRQV -RXUQDORI,QGXVWULDO7H[WLOHV 
=KHQ ;LX =KDQJ -LQ =KDQJ %LQJ;XH /X =KHQ ;LDQJ ;LQ &KDQJ .L .DQJ -LQ .XN .LP  (IIHFW RI IODPH UHWDUGDQWV RQ PHFKDQLFDO
SURSHUWLHVIODPPDELOLW\DQGIRDPDELOLW\RI33ZRRG ILEHUFRPSRVLWHV &RPSRVLWHV3DUW%  

Você também pode gostar