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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Reference documentation ................................................................................................ 4
1.2. Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 5
2. TRACTION TRANSFORMERS .............................................................................................. 6
2.1. Power consumption of TSSs ........................................................................................... 6
2.1.1. Normal operation (5 traction substations working) .................................................... 6
2.1.2. Failure cases .............................................................................................................. 7
2.2. Voltage in pantograph .................................................................................................... 11
2.2.1. Normal operation (5 traction substations working) .................................................. 11
2.2.2. Failure cases ............................................................................................................ 12
2.3. Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 13
3. BOOSTER TRANSFORMERS ............................................................................................. 15
4. 25 KV FEEDERS .................................................................................................................. 19
4.1. Rated current calculation (In) ......................................................................................... 19
4.1.1. Main track ................................................................................................................. 19
4.1.2. Depot Calculation ..................................................................................................... 20
4.2. Calculation with current in case of nominal overload of the transformer (Io) ................. 21
4.3. Voltage drop ................................................................................................................... 23
4.4. Short circuit criteria ........................................................................................................ 23
4.4.1.
4.4.2.
4.4.3.
4.4.4.
4.4.5.
4.4.6.
.
8. INTERRUPTERS RATING ................................................................................................... 39
9. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS RATING .............................................................................. 40
Annex 1. Technical data of 26/45 kV XLPE insulated copper cable used for
calculation.
Annex 2. Guide for calculation of cable capacity under short time operation
currents.
Annex 3. Technical data of aluminium cables used for calculation.
Annex 4. Rolling stock data used for calculation
1. Introduction
The present document aims to determine the rating of the equipment foreseen for the 25 kV
traction network in the scope of the design of 25 kV Overhead Equipment (OHE) system for
the Mukundpur Gokulpuri Shiv Vihar section (Line 7) including Mukundpur and Vinod
Nagar Depots.
1.1. Reference documentation
Comparative Study of various Schemes of underground ASS & Recommendations
for DMRC Phase-III.
DMRD. Edition Nov 2011.
Ardanuy-Barsyl. Edition of 17/08/2012
DMRC Project Line 7. Detail Design Consultant. CCDD-1. Traction simulation sizing
study
Ardanuy-Barsyl. Edition of 17/08/2012
1.2. Abbreviations
DMRC
UG
ELV
DPT
Depot
ASS
Auxiliary Substation
RSS
Receiving Substation
TSS
Traction Substation
PD
Propriety Development
TVF
TEF
ECS
S&T
TR
Transformer
DG
Diesel Generator
CCB
VDE
2. Traction Transformers
The Traction Simulation Study for the Line 7 extension has been performed by M/s Ardanuy
using RailPower software.
In this chapter the results and main conclusions obtained from the study are included.
2.1. Power consumption of TSSs
Different alternatives have been simulated to get the power consumptions in transformers of
the Tractions Substations. The values have been obtained taking into account these
assumptions:
Total Trip: Mukundpur Shiv Vihar, 57.705 km, 37 stations.
Rolling Stock with 6 coach compositions (DM-T-M-M-T-DM) and full loaded (1,800
people). Total weight of Rolling Stock is 371.25 Tons (Tare weight is 252 Tons, 42
Tons/car).
It is assumed that up to 75% of the power generated by train braking is able to be
regenerated in electrical power by the motors of the train (Regenerative braking
performance will be 0.75).
Braking force will be supplied by the train motor brakes until the maximum engine
brake force for each speed is given. If it is necessary more braking force than the
motor is able to generate, it will be provided by pneumatic brake.
By default, it is considered a value of train power factor of 1.
Auxiliary Power Consumption of trains (according to values provided by DMRC): 33
kVA/car (198 kVA whole train)
Headway of 135 seconds between trains in same direction (what means 68 trains at
same time in the system)
2.1.1.
Maximum, average and RMS (maximum RMS value for integration period of 1 hour) power
values for Traction Substations during the peak hour are shown in the following table.
(KVA)
(KVA)
(KVA)
(KVA)
TRF1
TRF1
TRF1
TRF1
TRF1
MAX
19.630
37.103
24.233
32.028
19.422
RMS
12.114
17.219
16.388
17.006
12.625
AVG15 min.
11.146
13.556
15.625
14.875
10.773
AVG5 min.
11.478
14.640
16.072
15.431
11.067
According to these values, transformers with nominal power of 40/50 MVA are plenty
dimensioned to feed the whole line present.
The overload conditions that each transformer should be complied are:
Overloads above 150% of nominal power (40 MVA) during less than 15 minutes in a
3 hour cycle.
Overloads above 200% of nominal power (40 MVA) during less than 5 minutes in a 3
hour cycle.
It can be seen the worst case (transformer more loaded) for this simulation is transformer of
Dhaula Kuan TSS. There is not any instant in the simulation when the power is higher than
150% of nominal power (40x1,5 = 60 MVA), therefore both conditions of overloading are
complied.
2.1.2.
Failure cases
Feed extensions cases have been simulated, for failures of 1, 2, 3 and 4 TSS. The worst
case for each type of operation (N-1, N-2, N-3 and N-4) has been simulated.
The following list shows the worst case simulated for each operation mode (the worst case
for each operation mode is the case where the electrical sector fed by 1 TSS is the longest):
N-1 Case. Failure of TSS3 (INA): Dhaula Kuan will feed from Neutral Section in K.P
9+200 to Neutral Section in 34+935.
N-2 Case. Failure of TSS1 (Mukund Pur) and TSS2 (Dhaula Kuan): INA will feed
from dead end of the line (Mukund Pur Station) to K.P. 34+845.
N-3 Case. Failure of TSS1 (Mukund Pur), TSS2 (Dhaula Kuan) and TSS3 (INA):
Vinod Nagar will feed from dead end of the line (Mukund Pur Station) to K.P. 48,685.
N-4 Case. Failure of TSS2 (Dhaula Kuan), TSS3 (INA), TSS4 (Vinod Nagar) and
TSS5 (Yamuna Vihar): Mukund Pur will feed the whole line
Simulations for feed extension cases have been realized taking into account the following
headways:
Case
Headway.
Case N-1
135 seconds
Case N-2
240 seconds
Case N-3
480 seconds
Case N-4
1,200 seconds
-0+680
MKPR
TSS
9+200
SP
34+935
SP
17+045
DH-KN
TSS
42+140
VN-NG
TSS
48+775
SP
54+000
YMVH
TSS
TRF1
19.630
TRF1
54.085
TRF1
32.028
TRF1
19.422
RMS
12.114
31.826
17.006
12.625
AVG15 min.
11.146
28.252
14.875
10.773
AVG5 min.
11.478
29.627
15.431
11.067
The worst case for this simulation is the transformer of Dhaula Kuan TSS. In order to comply
with criteria of overload above 150% during less than 15 minutes in a 3 hours cycle, the
nominal power of this transformer will be dimensioned for 40 MVA.
CASE N-2: Failure of TSS1 (Mukund Pur) and TSS2 (Dhaula Kuan)
In this case, headway of 4 minutes has been taken into account. INA will be feeding from
dead end of the line (Mukund Pur Station) to K.P. 34+845. The rest of the line will be fed as
normal operation case.
FAILURE OF MUKUND PUR AND DHAULA KUAN TSS
25+400
INA
TSS
34+935
SP
42+140
VN-NG
TSS
48+775
SP
54+000
YMVH
TSS
Figure 2. Case N-2. Failure of TSS1 (Mukundpur) and TSS2 (Dhaula Kuan)
TRF1
52.217
TRF1
15.360
TRF1
16.613
RMS
26.356
11.453
8.412
AVG15 min.
23.080
9.207
6.581
AVG5 min.
25.082
10.494
7.366
The worst case for this simulation is the transformer of INA TSS. In order to comply with
criteria of overload above 150% during less than 15 minutes in a 3 hours cycle, the nominal
power of this transformer will be dimensioned for 40 MVA.
CASE N-3: Failure of TSS1 (Mukund Pur), TSS2 (Dhaula Kuan) and TSS3 (INA)
In this case, headway of 8 minutes has been taken into account. Vinod Nagar will be feeding
from dead end of the line (Mukund Pur Station) to K.P. 48,685. The rest of the line will be fed
as normal operation case.
42+140
VN-NG
TSS
48+775
SP
54+000
YMVH
TSS
Figure 3. Case N-3. Failure of TSS1 (Mukundpur), TSS2 (Dhaula Kuan) and TSS3 (INA)
TRF1
34.550
TRF1
10.473
RMS
19.605
4.864
AVG15 min.
16.523
3.668
AVG5 min.
17.910
4.201
The worst case for this simulation is the transformer of Vinod Nagar TSS. In order to comply
with criteria of overload above 150% during less than 15 minutes in a 3 hours cycle, the
nominal power of this transformer will be dimensioned for 40 MVA.
CASE N-4: Failure of TSS2 (Dhaula Kuan), TSS3 (INA), TSS4 (Vinod Nagar) and TSS5
(Yamuna Vihar)
In this case, headway of 20 minutes has been taken into account. Mukund Pur will be
feeding the entire line.
FAILURE OF DHAULA KUAN, INA, VINOD NAGAR AND YAMUNA VIHAR TSS
-0+680
MKPR
TSS
10
TRF1
22.458
RMS
10.910
AVG15 min.
8.854
AVG5 min.
9.768
In order to comply with criteria of overload above 150% during less than 15 minutes in a 3
hours cycle, the nominal power of the Mukumpur SST transformer will be dimensioned for 40
MVA.
2.2. Voltage in pantograph
2.2.1.
Voltage in the train pantographs have been calculated considering Normal Operation of
electrification system (5 Traction Substations working at same time).
For this calculation the following has been taken into account:
Value of lump impedance of the catenary system
25 kV feeding cable impedance
Exit voltage at the electrical traction substations
Exit current at the substations
Current consumed by each train, which will correspond to the results of the
simulations
Location of the substations and neutral sections
The voltages presented below are the maximum and minimum that can be produced on the
pantograph with the foreseeable circulation graph (headway of 135 seconds).
11
DIRECTION
MIN
MAX
AVG
(V)
(V)
(V)
For normal operation, minimum voltage in the line is 26,517 V, over the threshold
established in the normative EN 50163 Railway applications - Supply voltages of traction
systems, for traction systems of AC 25 kV (Umin1 = 19,000 V).
2.2.2.
Failure cases
Except in the case of N-1, the headway between trains should increase as shown below to
assure that the voltage drop in the pantograph trains complies with the values established in
norm EN 50163 (where Umin1 = 19,000 V):
Case
Headway.
Case N-2
4 minutes
Case N-3
8 minutes
Case N-4
20 minutes
In the following table, values of voltage in the train pantographs are shown for the different
cases of feed extensions.
VOLTAGE IN TRAIN PANTOGRAPH
CASE
DW LINE
25,550
27,939
27,138
UP LINE
25,681
28,150
27,134
DW LINE
19,737
28,054
26,979
UP LINE
22,859
28,333
27,084
12
DW LINE
20,159
28,082
26,691
UP LINE
23,337
28,130
26,800
DW LINE
20,478
28,535
26,668
UP LINE
21,027
28,420
26,615
TSS5
FEED FROM TSS1
In N-1 situation, the minimum value of voltage in train pantograph is 25,550 V. This value is
over the threshold established in the normative EN 50163 (where Umin1 = 19,000 V)
In N-2 situation, the minimum value of voltage in train pantograph is 19,737 V. This value is
over the threshold established in the normative EN 50163 (where Umin1 = 19,000 V)
In N-3 situation, the minimum value of voltage in train pantograph is 20,159 V. This value is
over the threshold established in the normative EN 50163 (where Umin1 = 19,000 V)
In N-4 situation, the minimum value of voltage in train pantograph is 20,478 V. This value is
over the threshold established in the normative EN 50163 (where Umin1 = 19,000 V)
2.3. Conclusions
Main conclusions obtained for the study are summarized below:
From electrical simulations, it can be deduced that 40/50 MVA transformers are
sufficiently dimensioned to support headway of 135 seconds with the model of train
considered and the 5 substations working at normal operation.
There are no overloads exceeding 50% in any of the transformers of 40/50 MVA
(nominal power value).
From the simulations of failure of one of the Traction Substations (feed extensions
cases) it can be deduced for the worst case will be failure of INA TSS. In this case
the transformers of 40/50 MVA (Dhaula Kuan TSS) comply with the criteria of
overload.
With respect to drop voltage along the line, for cases simulated the voltages in train
pantographs are over the threshold established in the normative EN 50163 Railway
applications - Supply voltages of traction systems (where Umin1 = 19,000 V)
13
From the simulations of failure of more than 1 Traction Substation (feed extension N2, N-3 and N-4) headway must be increased in order to reduce the number of trains
and therefore maximum drop voltage along the OCS will be reduced complying with
the values established in norm EN 50163 (where Umin1 = 19,000 V).
With these operation conditions and headways, it can be deduced that for the worst
cases that all transformers will be plenty dimensioned for 40/50 MVA.
14
3. Booster Transformers
Currently, in existing lines of DMRC there are two kinds of Booster Transformers, with the
following characteristics:
Nominal Rating
Rated
Current
150 kVA
280 kVA
500 A at 560 V
voltage
550 A
750 A
75 Centigrade
350 W
losses
Guaranteed
max
load 4000 W
6500 W
losses
Table 10. Booster transformers used in DMRC
The maximum current calculated for outgoing feeders for the main line in Line 7 is 439.58 A
according to the electrical dimensioning of the Line 7 simulated with RailPower. This value
of current is the RMS value corresponding to n-2 failure situation (Mukundpur TSS and
Dhaula Kuan TSS failure) for the feeder cable to Down Line at Mukundpur side.
Capacity of booster transformers will be calculated with the expression:
SBT
IRC UBT
Where:
SBT = Capacity of the booster transformer (VA).
UBT = Voltage in the booster transformer (V).
IRC = Return current which cross the booster transformer (A)
= Performance of the Booster transformer
15
Considering that the voltage of the return conductor in the connection with rails is zero, the
voltage of the booster transformer can be calculated according to the expression:
UBT
IRC (z RC LRC
z BT )
Where:
UBT = Voltage in the booster transformer (V).
IRC = Return current which cross the booster transformer (A)
ZRC = Impedance per km of the return conductor (ohm/km)
LRC = Length of return conductor between the adjacent connections of RC with the
rail (km).
ZBT = Impedance of the booster transformer (ohm)
Calculating these parameters:
IRC (A)
ZRC (ohm/km)
LRC (km)
ZBT (ohm/km)
439.58
0.85
0.119+j0.402
2.6
0.016+j0.078
UBT (V)
514.12
Sa (kVA)
265.92
Therefore, the Booster transformer of 280 kVA can be selected for the worst case.
Nevertheless, taking into account the location of every BT along the line (distance to TSS)
and the distances between adjacent BTs, and considering that every TSS feed the line with
16
this value maximum of current, these parameters can be calculated for every booster
transformer and therefore, accurate sizing of every booster transformer can be done.
In the following table these calculations are shown:
BT
Ch.
imp. Return
feeder
(ohm/km)
imp. BT
(ohm)
RC
distance
RC
Voltage
BT
BT
connection
current
(V)
Power Power
rail-RC
(A)
(BT
(kVA) (kVA)
(km)
Voltage)
BT701 0+214
0.119+0.402i 0.016+0.078i
0.797
369.55
152.82
66.44
150
BT703 6+855
0.119+0.402i 0.016+0.078i
1.465
74.08
51.36
4.48
150
BT705 8+570
0.119+0.402i 0.016+0.078i
1.428
58.28
39.51
2.71
150
BT707 9+710
0.119+0.402i 0.016+0.078i
1.793
28.58
23.74
0.80
150
1.909
165.58
145.66
28.37
150
1.835
425.29
360.84
180.55
280
1.822
240.18
202.48
57.21
150
1.352
138.53
89.49
14.58
150
1.425
38.01
25.72
1.15
150
2.287
107.68
111.77
14.16
150
2.270
229.70
236.83
64.00
150
2.475
384.67
429.67
194.45
280
2.158
339.54
334.06
133.45
150
2.084
213.33
203.32
51.03
150
2.273
63.40
65.44
4.88
150
2.066
111.47
105.40
13.82
150
2.103
267.11
256.65
80.65
150
2.453
403.94
447.38
212.61
280
1.729
105.98
85.21
10.62
150
17
Dn line
Capacity (kVA)
Booster
Transformer
Capacity (kVA)
BT701
150
BT702
150
BT703
150
BT704
150
BT705
150
BT706
150
BT707
150
BT708
150
BT709
150
BT710
150
BT711
280
BT712
280
BT713
150
BT714
150
BT715
150
BT716
150
BT717
150
BT718
150
BT719
150
BT720
150
BT721
150
BT722
150
BT723
280
BT724
280
BT725
150
BT726
150
BT727
150
BT728
150
BT729
150
BT730
150
BT731
150
BT732
150
BT733
150
BT734
150
BT735
280
BT736
280
BT737
150
BT738
150
18
4. 25 kV Feeders
Dimensioning of 25 kV feeders has been developed according to the worst criterion of
following ones:
Maximum admissible current for conductors will be taken into account in order to
select the cable according to the maximum calculated current in normal conditions.
Voltage drop will be calculated in order to maintain minimum voltage above the
minimum voltage required for operation, which is 19 kV, according to EN.
Conductors must withstand mechanical and thermal loads during a short circuit.
Firstly, the value of currents foreseen in all of these cases is calculated. With all of these
values of currents, the size of the conductors which compose the feeders are checked.
4.1. Rated current calculation (In)
4.1.1.
Main track
The maximum current calculated for feeding of the main line in Line 7 can be obtained from
Power Consumption Assessment for the electrical dimensioning of the Line 7: Mukundpur
Shiv Vihar. According to results given by the software, the worst case regarding currents is
when Mukundpur TSS and Dhaula Kuan TSS fail. In such case, INA TSS must feed the
section fed by these two substations in normal operation.
FAILURE OF MUKUND PUR AND DHAULA KUAN TSS
25+400
INA
TSS
34+935
SP
42+140
VN-NG
TSS
48+775
SP
54+000
YMVH
TSS
Figure 6. Worst case from the current values point of view. Case N-2.
In this case, according to the results given by the software, the currents in each outgoing
feeder from Mukundpur substation are:
Case
AVG
RMS
MAX
F1 DOWN LINE
F1 UP LINE
F2 DOWN LINE
F2 UP LINE
353.69
439.58
1152.14
339.30
384.58
774.55
162.07
192.75
364.55
86.84
160.73
349.99
Table 14. Current in feeder cables obtained in Traction Simulation Study in case N-2
19
Where F1 are the feeders which feed the Mukundpur side and F2 are the feeders which feed
the Shiv Vihar side of OHE.
Therefore, the feeders must be sized for an In of 439.58 A.
In the chapter 4.5 the conductors of feeders are sized according to this value of
current.
4.1.2.
Depot Calculation
In
n Sa
U n min
Where:
n = number of trains consuming auxiliary power at the same time
Sa = apparent power of auxiliaries of the rolling stock (6 cars) in kVA.
Unmin = minimum admissible voltage in kV.
20
Unmin (kV)
19
12
Sa (kVA)
198
In (A)
125.05
In Vinod Nagar Depot there are 45 stabling track with capacity for 45 trains formed by 6 cars.
Considering that 33 % of the trains will be consuming maximum power at the same time, the
current through the feeder will be:
In
n Sa
U n min
Where:
n = number of trains consuming auxiliary power at the same time
Sa = apparent power of auxiliaries of the rolling stock (6 cars) in kVA.
Unmin = minimum admissible voltage in kV.
Unmin (kV)
19
15
Sa (kVA)
198
In (A)
156.31
Therefore the maximum current considered to size the feeder cable to Mukundpur and to
Vinod Nagar Depot will be given by the starting up of train case.
In the chapter 4.5 the conductors of feeders are sized according to these values of
current.
4.2. Calculation with current in case of nominal overload of the transformer (Io)
In the previous chapter, the nominal current in the worst case of overload has been
determined according to results given by Power Consumption Assessment.
However, traction transformers must have an overloading capacity of traction transformer of
50%loading for 15 minutes and 100% overloading for 5 minutes, after the transformer has
attained steady temperature on continuous operation at full load, with interval between two
successive overloading of 3 hours.
25 KV Traction Equipment Sizing Calculations
21
Therefore, in case of the maximum overload of the transformer, the current will be bigger
than obtained by calculations, because the transformer capacity has been selected in order
to fulfill this overloading requirement.
Taking this into account, the capacity of the transformer considered for calculations must be
of 40 MVA.
The maximum current given by the transformer in overload situation can be obtained by:
So
Un
Io
With:
25
25
Sn (kVA)
60000
80000
In (A)
2400
3200
These currents will pass through 4 feeders existing in the substation (up and down,
Mukundpur and Shiv Vihar sides). The quantity of the total current which goes for every
feeder will not be the same. To make the calculation, the same percentages which have
been obtained in the Power Consumption Assessment calculation have been considered. In
the case of failure n-2, these percentages are:
RMS
F1 DN
439.58
37%
F1 UP
384.58
33%
F2 DN
192.75
16%
F2 UP
160.73
14%
Table 18. RMS values of current in every feeder cable of INA TSS. N-2 case
Taking these percentages into account, the most loaded feeder in the overload situation will
take the 37% of the total current. Therefore, the feeder must be dimensioned for withstand
888 A during 15 minutes and 1184 A for 5 minutes.
22
In the chapter 4.5 the conductors of feeders are sized according to these values of
current.
4.3. Voltage drop
Voltage drop calculated in Traction Simulation Study for Line 7 has already into account the
length of the feeders which feed main tracks from TSSs. Therefore, they are suitable
according to this criterion.
Regarding feeder to Depots, voltage drop must be calculated according to expression:
L I
j X
Where:
L = Length of the conductor (km)
I = Current of the conductor (A)
R = conductor resistance ( /km)
X = conductor reactance ( /km)
The voltage drop will be:
Feeder
Mukundpur Depot
L (km)
1.2
1.7
I (A)
240
240
R (/km)
0.0754
0.0754
X (/km)
0.115
0.115
U (V)
39.60
56.10
23
For calculation of short circuit currents will follow the guidelines VDE 0102, and 2/11.75
1/11.71 parts.
Two methods exist to perform the calculation, one, the absolute impedance calculation, and
the other, the dimensionless impedance calculation or per unit. It has been selected the
calculation per unit method for this design.
The per unit method simplifies the calculation when there are two or more levels of voltage
and interest the effective value. It also presents other advantages:
Manufacturers specify the impedances in percent of the nominal values given in the
plates.
The impedances per unit of the same type of apparatus are very close values,
although their ohmic values are very different. If you do not know the impedance of a
device, you can select from tabulated data that provide reasonably accurate values.
The impedance of a transformer unit is equal in the primary than in the secondary
and is not dependent on the type of connection of the windings.
To follow the method per unit must establish two arbitrary values, such condition all others.
Normally the base values chosen are:
A [MVA] power for the entire circuit
B [kV] to a voltage level
For a different voltage level, the voltage value of the base has to be multiplied by the
transformation ratio of the transformer which separates the two levels.
In calculating circuit currents requires knowledge of the temporal variations since the short
circuit occurs until it reaches the permanent short-circuit current. As in practice as quickly as
possible short circuit current by circuit breakers or other devices, knowledge of temporal
variations of the short-circuit current is only necessary to select and size the equipment and
components in some cases.
The parameters involved in the calculation of the short circuit currents are:
I"k: is the rms value of the symmetrical short-circuits current, is the moment when the
short circuit occurs. From this value the following currents are determined.
Is: Maximum current asymmetric short, is the maximum instantaneous value of the
current, which occurs after the short circuit occurs. Also known as peak value or
impulse current. This value may know electrodynamics forces.
24
Isc: Permanent Short Circuit Current, is the rms value of the symmetrical short-circuit
current, which endures after completion of all transients. Used to determine the
thermal stress on machinery.
Ia: balanced current court, is the rms symmetrical short-circuit current flowing through
a switch on the instant you start separating contacts. Used to determine the
performance characteristics of the switch off apparatus.
This design will be carried out calculations phase short circuits, and these, short circuit away
from the generator. Thus one must take into account that VDE 0102 values permanent short
circuit current (Icc) and cutting the symmetrical current (Ia) coincide with the current value of
the symmetric initial short circuit current (I"k).
4.4.1.
The following diagram shows only those different voltage levels, and the status of power
transformers and substation different outputs, in order to perform the calculation of short
circuit currents:
TT
220 kV/25 kV
40 MVA
Ucc=13.8%
CIT
TSS
OHE
FEEDER TO
UP LINE
FEEDER TO
DN LINE
FEEDER TO FEEDER TO
UP LINE
DN LINE
4.4.2.
To obtain the equivalent circuit simply replace the transformer by its respective impedance.
The short circuit in the feeder cables will have its maximum value just outside of the
substation, as the absence lead length the short circuit effect is not reduced by the line
25
impedance. The impedances for conductors and switchgear are negligible and will not be
included in the schemes or calculations.
The equivalent circuit is reflected in the figure below. The figure also marked the possible
points where it can happens different electrical short circuits.
4.4.3.
Impedance Calculations
To perform the calculation method impedances adapted per unit it has to be fixed, first,
arbitrary baseline values. These values determined for each element in intensity per unit.
Values are taken as basis:
SB = 20 MVA
UB = 220 kV
The table shows the values per unit based on an equal basis for all power system
substations.
UB (kV)
220
25
SB (MVA)
20
20
90,9
800
IB (A)
26
1000 S
U
Z ( pu)
Z cc S B
100 S N
where:
Zcc impedance circuit is in percent.
SB is the power base.
Sn is the rated power of the electrical machine.
The equivalent impedance of the network is obtained as follows: Z net
SB
S cc
where:
SB is the power base.
SCC is the short-circuit power of the network (given by electrical company).
The results are shown in the following table:
Component Characteristics
NET
RT
27
4.4.4.
As mentioned above permanent short circuit current (Icc) is equal to the symmetrical initial
I k"
Ia
The calculation uses the equation of the Laws Ohm using values per unit: icc
u
z eq
Where u = 1 when calculating per unit, and zeq the calculated value in the table above for
each point.
Then the resulting values are multiplied by the base value of current, as the voltage level,
obtaining the absolute value of the constant intensity at each point shorting: I cc
icc I B
Short-
Equivalent
circuit
Impedance
Point
[pu]
ZeqA = 0,0023
iccA = 434,78
IB = 90,9
IccA = 39521,74
ZeqB = 0,069
iccB = 14,49
IB = 800
IccB = 11592
Short-circuit
current [pu]
Permanent
Base current [A]
short-circuit
current [A]
4.4.5.
Also called surge current is the maximum value and its value is given by the equation:
IS
2 I cc
Where x is a factor which depends on the relationship between the effective resistance and
the reactance of the circuit impedance. As the resistive value is unknown, take x = 1.8 which
is an accepted value for these cases.
Thus, following the above equation using a value x = 1.8, the impulse current in each shortcircuit point will be the value shown in the following table:
28
Maximum Current
Short-circuit
Permanent SC
point
current (kA)
IscA = 39.52
IsA = 100.60
IscB = 11.59
IsB = 29.50
Asymmetric SC
(kA)
4.4.6.
Sr
Un Ia
Sc
Electric
Point
Cutting
Symmetrical
Current (kA)
Un Is
Breaking Capacity
Surge Current
(MVA)
(kA)
Connection
Capacity
(MVA)
IaA = 39.52
SrA = 8694.4
IsA = 100.60
ScA = 22132
IaB = 11.59
SrB = 289.75
IsB = 29.5
ScB = 737.5
Type of Conductor
Medium Voltage Cables are manufactured with XLPE insulation. It is very remarkable
features cables, both losses in the dielectric, thermal and electrical resistivity and dielectric
strength.
29
Being able to work at a service temperature of 90C, these cables have the possibility of
transmitting more power than any current wire section. In addition, its smaller size makes it
more manageable cable, easier to install, lighter and easier to transport.
Type
Single pole
26 kV
Nominal
voltage
between phases
45 kV
Maximum
voltage
between phases
52 kV
Voltage pulses
250 kV
Maximum
permanent
temperature allowable in
the conductor
Screen
90C
Copper
Isolation
Polyethylene (XLPE)
Envelope
4.5.2.
Size of Conductor
The feeders will be installed into canalization from the TSS to the viaduct. On the viaduct
they will be installed on the parapet, supported by brackets. In case of the feeders of Depots,
they will be into canalization from the TSS to the depot FP and from the FP to OHE.
Therefore, the lower admissible current will occur when the cables are laid down buried into
canalization. According to suppliers information, the admissible nominal current for an
underground copper cable 1x240 mm2 is 501 A (see annex 1), when it is buried at 1.2 m
depth, with ground temperature of 25C and a ground thermal resistivity of 1 Km/W.
Considering that in the worst case, the groud temperature will reach the 40C it will be
needed to consider a deration factor of 0.88. Therefore, the maximum nominal current of
1x240 mm2 copper cable will be 440 A.
4.5.2.1. Permanent current
In case of main tracks, maximum average current will be 439.58 A per feeder, so 219.79 A
per each 240 mm2 cable in permanent operation. Therefore this 240 mm2 cable is valid with
a safety factor of 2.
25 KV Traction Equipment Sizing Calculations
30
In case of Depots, maximum nominal current will be 240 A, so one copper cable of 240 mm2
can withstand this current with a safety factor of 1.8.
4.5.2.2. Short time operation current
Regarding short time operation currents caused by overloading of the transformer, the
capacity of one conductor is given by expression:
IKB
Where:
-
In
IZ
1
fKB
tb
e
(annex 2, chapter 18.6.5, expression 18.126)
tb
1 e
Where:
-
is time constant of the cable (1/5 of the time taken from the curve to almost reach
the permissible final temperature). It is given by the expression:
q
IZ
Where:
-
0
20
c
(annex 2, chapter 18.6.2, expression 18.118)
20
20
c
31
Where:
-
Therefore, the admissible currents for100% and for 50% of overload in the cable will be:
100% overload
50% overload
Source of data
c (C)
90
90
0 (C)
50
50
5,60E+07
0,00393
3,45E+06
240
440
5,60E+07
0,00393
3,45E+06
240
440
In (A)
219.8
219.8
tb (s)
300
900
6,06E+15
1803,18
2.268
998.12
6,06E+15
1803,18
1.469
646.58
20 (1/m)
20 (1/K)
c (J/Km3)
q (mm2)
Iz (A)
B (A2s/m4)
fkB
IkB (A)
Table 26. Short time operation capacity calculation for 240 sqmm copper cable
Therefore, one 240 mm2 cable is able to withstand 998.12 A for 5 minutes and 646.58
during 15 minutes.
According to calculated in chapter 4.2 of this document, the feeder cable (2 cables of 240
mm2) must be dimensioned for withstand 888 A during 15 minutes and 1184 A for 5
minutes, so each cable of 240 mm2 should be able of withstand 444 A during 15 minutes
and 592 A for 5 minutes.
Therefore, 240 mm2 cables are able to withstand the overload currents with safety factors of
1.45 and 1.68.
32
33
Current (kA)
34
5. Return Cables
5.1. Return cables
In front of substations, rails will be connected to substation by means of 3.3 kV cables. Their
aim is to carry the return traction current from rails to substation, so they must withstand the
same current than 25 kV feeders. Therefore they will be made up of the same number of
cables and cross section, as the 25 KV feeders.
5.2. Return conductor
One all aluminium conductor with a nominal cross section of 233 sq.mm and a copper
equivalent of 140 sq.mm will be used as Return Conductor. Dimensioning of this return
conductor has been developed according to the worst criterion of following ones:
Maximum admissible current for conductors will be taken into account in order to
select the cable according to the maximum calculated current in normal conditions.
Voltage drop will be calculated in order to maintain minimum voltage above the
minimum voltage required for operation, which is 19 kV, according to EN.
Conductors must withstand mechanical and thermal loads during a short circuit.
5.2.1.
In the Return current system foreseen, the return conductor must carry the same current as
catenary. Therefore it must be dimensioned for carrying the same current calculated in the
chapter 4.1.1., (439.58 A).
The maximum admissible current for one all aluminium conductor (AAC) with a nominal
cross section of 233 sq.mm is 584 A in the following conditions (annex 3):
Environmental temperature: 40C
Solar radiation 900 W/m2.
Wind: 0.6 m/s
Maximum conductor temperature: 80C
Frequency: 50Hz
Applying a deration factor of 0.9 to take into account the solar radiation and other deration
factor of 0.89 to take into account that the worst environmental temperature will be 50C, the
maximum admissible current will be 467.78 A, so the conductor selected is valid for the
nominal current.
35
In stations, return conductor will be made by means a 233 sq.mm stranded aluminium
conductor, with insulated sleeve. It will be laid under platforms.
5.2.2.
Voltage drop
Voltage drop calculated in Traction Simulation Study for Line 7 has already into account the
characteristics of return conductors, so it is not needed any additional calculation.
5.2.3.
Regarding of the maximum short circuit current supported by the Return conductor, it can be
obtained by means of following expression:
Where:
I: Short circuit current (A)
t: Short circuit duration (s)
K: parameter which depends of kind of conductor (Cu or Al) and of its isolation. In
present case with aluminium conductors, K = 94 will be assumed (jump of
temperature from steady temperature to short circuit temperature minimum), so worst
scenario has been assumed.
S: cross section of the conductor (mm2)
Therefore, the minimum section required to withstand the short circuit current calculated in
chapter 4.4.4 will be:
I (A)
11600
0.25
t (s)
K
2
S (mm )
94
61.7
Table 27. Return conductor sizing under short circuit current criteria
36
f M I 10
V
km
Where:
f: is the frequency of the nominal voltage waveform
I: is the maximum permanent current main conductor
M: is the mutual inductance between two conductors arranged in parallel given by the
expression:
0,46 log
2 Dm
Dp
mH
km
where:
Dm: is the distance between the two conductors Dm
Dp: is the equivalent diameter of conductor induced D p
D d'
2
4 S
The maximum drop voltage in case of the end of the cable being earthed is given by the
expression:
37
E L
where:
E: induced voltage per unit length in a conductor
L: Length of conductor
According to this length in each case, the drop of voltage will be obtained per each feeder:
Dhaula
Mukundpur
Kuan
INA
Vinod
Nagar
Maujpur
Rajouri
Kashemere
Garden
Gate
f (Hz)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
I (A)
219.79
219.79
219.79
219.79
219.79
219.79
219.79
Dm (mm)
Dp (mm)
4.514
4.514
4.514
4.514
4.514
4.514
4.514
M (mH/km)
0.252
0.252
0.252
0.252
0.252
0.252
0.252
E(V/km)
17.46
17.46
17.46
17.46
17.46
17.46
17.46
L (km)
1.5
1.5*
1.2
0.7
2.1
1.1*
2.75*
V (V)
26.19
26.19
20.94
12.22
36.65
45.41
48.01
Therefore, in all cases the voltage in the sheath can be lower than touch voltage by earthing
the cables in one end or in their center point and no sheath voltage limiters will be required.
7. Circuit Breakers rating
Circuit breakers are foreseen in the outgoing feeders in traction substations (TSSs), and in
depots Feeding posts, installed in the incoming feeder from TSS and in the incoming feeder
from main tracks.
In any case, circuit breakers must be able to actuate in short circuit conditions. Therefore, for
the election of the circuit breakers are fundamental two variables:
Breaking capacity (or power off). Is defined by cutting symmetrical current (Ia). It is
expressed in MVA
Connection capacity (or power connection). Is defined by the maximum asymmetric
short circuit current (IS). It is expressed in MVA
38
These variables have been calculated in the chapter 4.4.6 of these documents, and,
regarding 25 kV circuit breakers they are:
Cutting Symmetrical Current: Ia = 11.59 kA
Breaking Capacity: Sr = 289.75 MVA
Surge Current: Is = 29.5 kA
Connection Capacity: Sc = 737.5 MVA
Regarding voltage, they must able to withstand nominal values foreseen in the traction
system:
Rated voltage: 25 kV
Maximum service voltage (permanent): 27.5 kV
Therefore, the characteristics required for the circuit breakers foreseen in Mukundpur and
Vinod Nagar Depot Feeding posts, as well in feeders of Rajouri Garden FP, Dhaula Kuan FP
and Welcome FP will be:
Rated voltage
kV
25
kV
27.5
Service frequency
Hz
50
Number of phases
Erection
Outdoor
Rated current
2000
kA
25
kA
25
kA
40
8. Interrupters rating
Interrupters foreseen in the OHE have to be able to operate under load conditions.
According to calculations shown in the chapter 4.1 the maximum nominal current through
each feeder is 439.58 A.
39
Catenaries for up and down tracks are paralleled in SSPs along the track. Therefore, the
interrupters will be dimensioned for the total current of the two tracks:
In= 439.58 + 384.58 = 824.16 A.
Regarding voltage, they must able to withstand nominal values foreseen in the traction
system:
Rated voltage: 25 kV
Maximum service voltage (permanent): 27.5 kV
Therefore, the characteristics required for the interrupters foreseen in the switching posts of
Line 7 will be:
Rated voltage
kV
25
kV
27.5
Service frequency
Hz
50
Number of phases
Erection
Outdoor
Rated current
2000
40
Therefore, the characteristics required for the current transformers in OHE part will be:
Voltage / earth insulation
kV
27.5
Frequency
Hz
50
Erection
Outdoor
kV
36
Core 1
Core 2
kA
20 / 40
Secondary Core
41
media tensin
anexo b
26/45 kV
1x35/16
1x50/16
1x70/16
1x95/16
1x120/16
1x150/16
1x185/16
1x240/16
1x300/16
1x400/16
1x500/16
1x630/16
1x800/16
1x1000/16
Cdigo
20117861
20117862
20117863
37011335
20052424
20992340
20013787
20084553
20001742
20117864
37011342
20106569
20117865
20117866
conductor
(mm)
7
8
9,7
11,4
12,6
14,1
15,9
18,3
20,5
23,1
26,3
29,6
34,1
38,7
aislamiento
(mm)
pantalla (mm)
cable (mm)
Peso (kg/km)
Radio de
curvatura
esttico
(posicin final)
(mm)
24,9
25,8
27,6
29,2
30,5
30,9
32,7
35,1
37,8
38,9
42
45,4
49,9
53,5
26,9
29,2
31
32,6
33,9
34,3
36,1
38,5
41,2
42,3
45,4
48,8
53,3
56,9
34,4
35,4
37,2
38,7
40
40,4
42,2
44,6
47,3
48,4
51,5
54,9
60
63,6
1320
1460
1720
2010
2290
2520
2910
3500
4180
4910
6020
7410
9490
11550
550
566
595
619
640
646
675
714
757
774
824
878
960
1018
Radio de
curvatura
dinmico
(durante tendido)
(mm)
688
708
744
774
800
808
844
892
946
968
1030
1098
1200
1272
CARACTERSTICAS ELCTRICAS
26/45 kV
Tensin nominal simple, Uo (kV)
Tensin nominal entre fases, U (kV)
Tensin mxima entre fases, Um (kV)
Tensin a impulsos, Up (kV)
Temperatura mxima admisible en el conductor en servicio permanente (C)
Temperatura mxima admisible en el conductor en rgimen de cortocircuito (C)
26
45
52
250
90
250
(Valores aproximados)
1 x seccin conductor Intensidad mxima
(Cu)/seccin pantalla admisible enterrado*
(Cu) (mm2)
(A)
26/45 kV
1x35/16
1x50/16
1x70/16
1x95/16
1x120/16
1x150/16
1x185/16
1x240/16
1x300/16
1x400/16
1x500/16
1x630/16
1x800/16
1x1000/16
171
202
248
297
338
381
431
501
565
644
731
824
921
1007
Intensidad mxima
admisible
al aire** (A)
Resistencia del
conductor a 20 C
(/km)
Reactancia inductiva
(/km)
Capacidad
(F/km)
174
207
258
314
361
411
472
558
640
743
860
984
1132
1269
0,524
0,387
0,268
0,193
0,153
0,124
0,0991
0,0754
0,0601
0,047
0,0366
0,0283
0,0221
0,0176
0,159
0,152
0,144
0,136
0,132
0,125
0,121
0,115
0,112
0,106
0,102
0,098
0,095
0,090
0,135
0,144
0,161
0,175
0,186
0,209
0,226
0,249
0,275
0,341
0,375
0,411
0,460
0,546
*Condiciones de instalacin: una terna de cables directamente enterrada o bajo tubo a 1,2 m de profundidad, temperatura de terreno 25 C y resisitividad trmica 1 Km/W.
**Condiciones de instalacin: una terna de cables al aire (a la sombra) a 40 C.
NOTA: valores obtenidos para una terna de cables al tresbolillo y en contacto. Para el clculo de la reactancia inductiva con los conductores en cualquier disposicin aplicar la frmula
(A) de la pgina 214.
IMPORTANTE: Para los valores concretos de intensidades mximas segn los conexionados de pantalla se ruega contactar con Prysmian.
201
Prysal Aluminio
Caractersticas Tcnicas
Cables segn norma IRAM 63003
Seccin
nominal
Formacin
Dimetro
Masa
exterior
aprox.
aprox.
Resistencia
Intensidad
elctrica
mxima
de corriente
a 20oC y
admisible
(1)
c. c.
2
mm
N x mm
mm
kg/km
kg
ohm/km
10
7 x 1,35
4,1
27
195
2,7842
78
16
7 x 1,70
5,1
43
302
1,7558
104
25
7 x 2,15
6,5
70
457
1,0977
139
35
7 x 2,52
7,6
95
594
0,7990
171
50
7 x 3,02
9,1
135
827
0,5563
215
70
19 x 2,15
10,8
190
1242
0,4025
265
95
19 x 2,52
12,6
260
1611
0,2930
324
120
19 x 2,85
14,3
335
2061
0,2291
380
150
37 x 2,25
15,8
405
2648
0,1877
431
185
37 x 2,52
17,7
510
3137
0,1496
498
240
37 x 2,85
20,0
650
4013
0,1170
584
300
61 x 2,52
22,7
840
5172
0,0907
687
400
61 x 2,85
25,7
1075
6615
0,0709
804
500
61 x 3,23
29,1
1381
8247
0,0552
942
625
91 x 2,96
32,6
1732
10645
0,0439
1087
800
91 x 3,35
36,9
2218
13234
0,0343
1266
1000
91 x 3,74
41,1
2764
15995
0,0275
1445
1265
91 x 4,21
46,3
3503
20268
0,0217
1657
(1) Para conductor expuesto a una radiacin solar de 900 W/m, considerando una emisividad de 0,6, al nivel del
mar y viento de 0,6 m/seg, temperatura ambiente de 40 C, temperatura mxima admisible de 80C y una frecuencia
de 50 Hz.
Acondicionamientos:
Bobinas de
madera
31