Group Names :

Nur Hayban

131214069

Maria Rosari

131214077

Leonardo Chandra 131214081

Gita

131214061

Claudia

131214059

Novan

131214071

Susanti

131214070

Tika

131214074

Andhika Justisia

131214065

Dian Faqih

131214075

Ki Hajar Dewantara
Ki Hajar Dewantara was born in Jogjakarta on May 2, 1889 with the
name Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat. He came from a sultan's
palace. Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat changed his name into Ki
Hajar Dewantara with the aim that he can freely close to the people, both
physically and heart.
Ki Hajar Dewantara finished elementary school in the ELS (Holland
Elementary School) and then had continued to STOVIA (Bumiputera
Medical School), but it was not until the end because of illness. Later, he
worked as a journalist at several newspapers, among others Sedyotomo,
Middlen Java, de Express, Oetoesan Hindia, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja
Timoer , and Poesara. He is a powerful writer and communicative so as to
evoke anti-colonial spirit for the readers.
Besides that, he also joins to build Komite Bumiputra to critique of
the Dutch and made the article titled Als Ik Eens Nederlander Was (If I'm A
Netherlands) and Eer Allen Maar Ook Voor Een Voor Allen (One for All, All
for One). As a result of his article, the Dutch Colonial Government
sentenced an internering. Douwes Dekker and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
compatriots feel that is not accepted and published an article to defending
Soewardi. Dutch Government was not received and then three of them are
internering in the Netherlands.
In

Netherlands

They

explore

an

educational

and

teaching

philosophy. So Ki Hajar Dewantara obtains Europeesche Akte. In 1918 Ki

Hajar Dewantara back to Indonesia and developed Perguruan Nasional

Taman Siswa (Nationaal Onderwijs Taman Siswa).
July 3, 1922. Ki Hajar Dewantara also served as the first Minister of
Education and Culture. Not only Ki Hajar Dewantara name enshrined as a
hero figure and education (Bapak Pendidikan Nasional)
May 2 is the birth date used as Hari Pendidikan Nasional, but it is
also designated as a Pahlawan Pergerakan Nasional.
Besides that, he also received the title of Doctor Honorees Causa
from the University of Gadjah Mada in 1957. Two years after receiving the
degree, Ki Hajar Dewantara died on April 28, 1959 in Jogjakarta. Gita

Concept of humankind
According to Ki Hajar Dewantoro human being is the most unique
creatures that have three core ability:
1. Cipta (Creation/Competence Ability).
2. Rasa (Compassion Ability).
3. Karsa (Work Ability).
Or educate the head, the heart, and the hand.
Someone that had imbalance three core ability will be poor at their
social life.
Cipta is the powers that make the images of the plans and everything that
has been happening in the form of the image (picture) that exists in our minds.
Then the Rasa is a delicate power that surrounds and blends of any pictures or
images of anything that brings an impression, it's often we call feelings (personal
emotions). And the last is Karsa or will / determination. This is the power that
drives every Cipta and Rasa to be done.

And it is like that also with whatever we hear, see or feel. We can
gather all this material so that it can be processed, entered into our mind,

into our 'cipta'. Then we allow it to settle in order to be felt. If we feel it to

be right, if our 'feeling' says it's right, then an intention will emerge as of
its own accord. After that I put forward choices, and make a decision then
do it.
From the point of view of socio-anthropologist, human particularity
that distinguishes them from other creatures is that humans are cultural,
while other creatures are not cultural. One effective way to make people
more humane is by developing a culture. People will really be a man if he
lives in his own culture. Humans are completely understood as he includes
himself to the culture of the surroundings community.

Definition of Education
Education is an effort to liberate the human beings, that mean to make
humans to be independent and not depending to other people, both
physically and spiritually.
Ki Hajar Dewantara mean education should be making the people feel the
freedom because, everyone has the right for education. Ki Hajar
Dewantara also asserts that education is an effort to develop the
character, conscience, intelligent and to guide the peoples to be humanist
in the social life. Ki Hajar Dewantara also have three popular philosophy
about education, there are cipto, roso, and karso or educate the head, the
heart and the hand. With that statements teacher not only transfer the
knowledge but also transform the value of the knowledge to the social life.
So, everyone who get the education can be independent and have a good
relation with their physically, spiritually and with their social life.

Concept of Education
There are three concept of Education that very famous in Indonesia
according to Ki Hajar Dewantoro :

1. Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho. {in the front giving examples}

an educator must be able to set an example or being figure to
be learn.
In this sense, that the process of learning to be an example or
role to success keywords in learning. Learning in school is always
a process of imitation or impersonation process of the example,
so that learning takes place when an educator must do
something which like the lessons before telling to the students.
In addition, students not only learn about the knowledge alone
but to learn to learn about the environment, such as private
educators. Therefore educators in addition to mastering the
knowledge he should also have a personal that can be emulated.
2. Ing Madyo Mangun Karso. {in the middle builds up the spirit}
between persons be able create initiatives and ideas to builds
up the spirit.
On that sense, one can create initiatives or ideas among others.
In schools learning process, a teacher should be able to create
initiatives and ideas the students when they are in the learning
process. So the word is the key to success in learning educators
can generate students interest and enthusiasm for learning,
teachers are required to be here diggers interest and enthusiasm
for learning child pumping. So every child is able to think
critically and learn independently (Students Active Learning
Method). So teachers do not actually need a lot more needs to
teach it an idea about the various achievements of every student
needs to reach.
3. Tut Wuri Handayani. {from behind supporting}
from behind or in the end an educator should be able to provide
encouragement and guide.

The motion was a person should be able to encourage people in

responsibilities to achieve sustainable objectives in its work. In
the learning process, teachers should encourage their students
to

always

learn

thoroughly,

continuous,

and

sustainable

progress. So the key to success in learning is thorough and

ongoing learning.

Purpose of Education
Make an education based on freedom and balance as human
being.
Advance the nation overall without discrimination of religion,
ethnicity, tribe, culture, tradition, habits, economic status, social
status, and so on, and should be based on the values of human
rights.
Make a good education that suitable with Indonesian Culture.
Make people have faith in God by learned this education.
Universal means based on natural law, everything is a
manifestation of the will of God.
Human freedom physically, mentally, and spiritually is the goal of
education in Taman Siswa, a school created by Ki Hajar Dewantara.
But personal freedom is limited by orderly and peaceful coexistence
supports such as attitudes harmony, kinship, consultation,
tolerance, unity, democracy, responsibility and discipline. The
establishment of Taman Siswa is to build in its own culture and way
of life itself by developing a sense of independence in the hearts of

people through educational media based on national aspects. Its

philosophical foundation is nationalistic and universalistic.

Nationalistic point is the national culture, the freedom and

independency of the people politically, economically, and
spiritually.

Universal means based on natural law, everything is a

manifestation of the will of God.

Finally, we need to realize that the purpose of education is to

humanize the man. Education should produce individuals who are
more human, useful and influential positive in society who will to
responsible for their own lives and others.

Learning Concept
Tringa Concept:
Ngerti (mengetahui) [knowing]
the students should be directed to learn anything from books to
meet the needs of the cognitive or intellectual abilities.
Ngrasa (memahami) [undestanding]
to feel or realize what he had learned and to what learned.
Nglakoni (melakukan) [doing]
what

is

conceived

and

realized

it

must

be

executed

or

implemented.
Through the concept of Ki Hajar Tringa 3N or would like to emphasize that education
in Indonesia must be able to produce students who have the cognitive abilities that he
simplified the concept Ngerti - understand. In this aspect, the students should be directed to

learn anything from books to meet the needs of the cognitive or intellectual abilities.
However, it should be remembered that the educational process should not stop at the level of
cognitive or understand aspects of the course. Education should also include affective aspects
or terms Ki Hajar is Ngrasa - to feel or realize what he had learned and to what learned.
Attainment in aspects of cognitive and affective aspects or understand or Ngrasa in education
is also not enough, because what is conceived and realized it must be executed or
implemented are termed psychomotor aspects or Nglakoni - do, execute - the concept of Ki
Hajar. Unfortunately, the government is only the first stop on the N, understand, while two of
the next N Ngrasa and Nglakoni been dumped somewhere.
By looking at the concept put forward by education 3N Ki Hajar Dewantara it is
obvious that education in Indonesia is heading to weak point. Said that because the
educational aspect that is emphasized or which received the full attention of all parties
engaged in the education it is only the cognitive aspect or aspects alone understand. The
government is more concerned with the intellectual acumen and ignores the other two
aspects, namely affective education (Ngrasa) and psychomotor (Nglakoni).

Curriculum Concept
The children of kindergarten age should be taught:
a) Games or sports with song and dance.
b) Singing and drawing.
c) Folklore.
d) Science and nationalism.
Nationalism education and history need to be taught since young,
so they will not influence by liberalism from overseas.
The next step after children of kindergarten age should be learned:
a) Sport, dancing, and martial art (silat).
b) Folk song (Jawa: tembang gede, tembang gending).

c) Language, religion and all about Indonesia.

Learning about introduce science and technology and inside country
relation so it will create a unity.
Last step after the second step is they should be taught:
Information about the world.

Philosophies of Education
There are several philosophies according to Ki Hajar Dewantara
about education :
1. All effort, tool and ways of education should be according to
the human nature.
In educating must be considered customs prevalent in certain
areas so that it can be accepted, loved, and practice in the area.

2. The Natures was stored on the traditions of every society with

various peculiarities that aim to achieve the order and
peaceful life.
Nature in human is different, and has its own peculiarities. But
the nature owned the inculcated fine with the goal of achieving
peace and peaceful life.

3. The characteristic of Tradition is always changing (dynamic).

Dynamic characteristics are due the influences from the outside,

the influence of era, and the influence of technology. So that, the
customs and norms that exist by itself capable of evolving over
time.

4. To determine the society characteristics of the society,

required in-depth study on the life history of the society, so it
can be predicted what kind of life will come to that society.
Determining a human's character needs a detailed study of the
human self. For example we as educators are good candidates,
should be steeped in history in the community to predict and
assimilate knowledge that will be taught in order that consistent.

5. Society cultural development will be influenced by other

elements, it occurs because associations between nations.
Development of culture in society that is not only made up for
only one element, but composed of many elements. And this is
coming because of the inter-State relations.

Philosophy Human as the part of the society, citizen, and universe:

Memayu hayuning bawana.
effort to protect the universe.
That meaning is the people do the best for many people, for example
someone have been to save people that confusing religion to be right,
make one realize to someone that the greed is not better in the world
and can be the damage for they live, etc.

Memayu Hayuning bangsa.

effort to protect the nation.
That meaning is the people can do anything for nation. For
example, someone fighting to help other people that brother or

sister in nation in the war, fighting to defend someone that have

not sins, etc.
Memayu hayuning sariro.
effort to protect ones self.
Its mean that the people do the best for him self. For example, someone
could manage their time in every day, must be discipline, someone with
amazing soul to study and be the best, thats all for the future, etc.

According to Dewantara, among (parent-child relationship) consists

of three nurturing components:
Providing affection ( Asih ).
Stimulating potentials ( Asah ).
Fulfilling the needs ( Asuh ).
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship
between the concept of among and the development of trust
towards students. So educators will also have to learn the expection
of their children to facilitate them learning, and eventually leading
to their fruitful accomplishments of the student.
Parental education in forming the basic trust for facilitating the
students progress in the local context is something we might need
to develop and construct in the future. In the long future these will
contribute, to the reduction of any conflicts and social friction, which
(was suspected) originated from the lack of trust between social
groups.
A strong foundation of trust is eventually strenthening the
establishment of harmonious society under the frame of Unity in
Diversity ( Bhinneka Tunggal Ika ), the basis of Indonesian
nationalism.