Real

Time Embedded Systems

Module1 . Architecture of Embedded Systems

Unit 1 Concepts and Examples
Unit 2 Reverse Engineering of a Cell Phone
Unit 3 Reverse Engineering of a Digital Camera
Unit 4 Generic Architecture of an Embedded System
Unit 5 Components of Embedded Systems

Real Time Embedded Systems

Concepts and Examples

What makes a Real Time Embedded System ?
What made it possible ?
VLSI
Sensor and Actuator Technology
BaBery Technology
Microwave Devices

What is the future ?

Real Time Embedded Systems

Real Time Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems at Work

http://www.redsalt.com/service/automotive-systems

Real Time Embedded Systems

Real Time Embedded Systems

Real Time Embedded Systems

Real Time Embedded Systems

A short list of embedded systems

Anti-lock brakes
Auto-focus cameras
Automatic teller machines
Automatic toll systems
Automatic transmission
Avionic systems
Battery chargers
Camcorders
Cell phones
Cell-phone base stations
Cordless phones
Cruise control
Curbside check-in systems
Digital cameras
Disk drives
Electronic card readers
Electronic instruments
Electronic toys/games
Factory control
Fax machines
Fingerprint identifiers
Home security systems
Life-support systems
Medical testing systems

Modems
MPEG decoders
Network cards
Network switches/routers
On-board navigation
Pagers
Photocopiers
Point-of-sale systems
Portable video games
Printers
Satellite phones
Scanners
Smart ovens/dishwashers
Speech recognizers
Stereo systems
Teleconferencing systems
Televisions
Temperature controllers
Theft tracking systems
TV set-top boxes
VCRs, DVD players
Video game consoles
Video phones
Washers and dryers

Real Time Embedded Systems

What is an embedded system and why at all we should

make a disJncJon and hence need a deniJon

A general deniJon of embedded systems is:

embedded systems are compuJng systems
with Jghtly coupled hardware and soMware
integraJon, that are designed to perform a
dedicated funcJon. The word embedded
reects the fact that these systems are usually
an integral part of a larger system, known as
the embedding system. MulJple embedded
systems can coexist in an embedding system.

Real Time Embedded Systems

common characterisJcs of embedded systems

Single-funcJoned
Executes a single program, repeatedly

Tightly-constrained
Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.

ReacJve and real-Jme

ConJnually reacts to changes in the systems
environment
Must compute certain results in real-Jme without
delay

Real Time Embedded Systems

CharacterisJcs
Dependable
Reliability: the probability that the system would
not fail
Maintainability: Probability that the failed system
can be repaired
Availability: Probability that the system is
available
Safety: The failing system will not cause any harm
Security: the property that the condenJal data
remains condenJal

Real Time Embedded Systems

Real Time Embedded Systems

Real Time Embedded Systems

CharacterisJcs
Ecient

Energy
Code-Size
Run-Time eciency
Weight
Cost

Dedicated User Interfaces

Ubiquitous CompuJng
Ambient Intelligence
Disappearing Computer
Example ABS systems in automobiles

Real Time Constraints

A guaranteed system response has to be explained without staJsJcal
arguments

Hybrid
Both Analog and Digital
Both Low and High Frequency
Both Sensors and actuators

Real Time Embedded Systems

Simplied Design Flow

Real Time Embedded Systems

Design Technology
The manner in which we convert our concept of desired
system funcJonality into an implementaJon