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Background Facts:
o In his lifetime, Alfonso Ureta begot 14 children. Among
these 14 belong the ascendants of the parties in this case
Policronio and Liberato. Here, the descendants of Policronio
are up against the rest of Alfonsos children and their
descendants (including those of Liberato)
o When he was alive, Alfonso was well-off he owned several
fishpens, a fishpond and a sari-sari store, among others.
o On October 1969, four of Alfonsos children (Policronio,
Liberato, Prudencia, and Francisco), together with their
father met in Liberatos house. Francisco, who was then a
municipal judge suggested that to reduce the inheritance
taxes, their father should make it appear that he sold some
of his lands to his children. As such, Alfonso executed 4
deeds of sale covering parcels of land in favour of
Policronio, Liberato, Prudencia, and his common-law wife,
Valeriana dela Cruz.
o The dispute of this case is centered on the deed of sale in
favour of Policronio which covered six parcels of land.
o Since the sale was only made to avoid taxes and that no
monetary consideration was received, Alfonso continued to
enjoy the lands.
o When Alfonso died, except for a portion of parcel 5, the rest
of the parcels transferred to Policronio were never turned
over to him. Instead, these were turned over to the
administrators of Alfonsos estate Liberato, succeeded by
Prudencia, and then by her daughter Carmencita Perlas.
vs.
Hon. Amor Reyes (Judge - RTC NCR Branch 21 Manila), Alfredo Seangio,
Alberto Seangio, Elisa Seangio-Santos, Victor Seangio, Alfonso Seangio,
Shirley Seangio-Lim, Betty Seangio and James Seangio, respondents
G.R. Nos. 140371-72 November 27, 2006
Azcuna, J.:
Facts:
Ratio:
-
The heirs of Alfonso were of the position that the absence of the
Heirs of Policronio in the partition or the lack of authority of their
representative results, at the very least, in the preterition and not
the invalidity of the entire deed of partition. They argue that
remanding the case to determine proper inheritance is no longer
necessary since the issue is purely legal. Conrado then, according to
them, should just fully account for what he received and deliver to
his co-heirs their respective shares in the inheritance.
This cannot be given credence AT ALL
Their posited theory on preterition is no longer viable. Why?
BECAUSE THERE WAS NO WILL IN THIS CASE
Preterition has been defined as the total omission of a compulsory
heir from the disinheritance. It consists in the silence of the testator
with regard to a compulsory heir, omitting him in the testatment,
either by not mentioning him at all, or by not giving him anything in
the hereditary property buy without expressly disinheriting him,
even if he is mentioned in the will in the latter case
Thus, PRETERITION IS A CONCEPT OF TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION.
In the absence of a will, there can be no preterition.
Issues:
o WON Respondent Judge erred in ruling on the intrinsic validity of the
will despite the settled rule that the authority of probate courts is
limited only to a determination of its extrinsic validity (i.e. Due
execution, testator's testamentary capacity, compliance with the
requisites/solemnities prescribed by law)YES
WON Judge erred in saying that preterition exists and that the will is
void
YES
WON Judge erred in not suspending the proceedings in the intestate
case despite the settled rule that testate proceedings take precedence
over intestate proceedings
YES
WON there was a valid disinheritance
YES
Held/Ratio:
o Can the document executed by Segundo be considered a holographic
will?
Under art. 810 of the CC, a holographic will must be
Entirely written
Dated and signed by the hand of the testator himself
Segundo's document, though may it come as a mere
disinheritance instrument, conforms to the formalities
precribed by law - written, dated and signed by Segundo
himself
While it does not make an affirmative disposition of Segundo's
property, the disinheritance of Alfredo, nonetheless is an act
of disposition itself
The disinheritance of Alfredo results in the disposition in
favor of those who would succeed in the absence of
Alfredo
A WILL DOES NOT HAVE TO MAKE AN EXPLICIT DISPOSITION
OF PROPERTY TO BE VALID
The intent or will of the testator, so long as it is expressed in the
form and within the limits prescribed by law, must be
recognized as the supreme law in succession
Holographic wills, being usually done by those not learned in
the law, should be construed more liberally than the ones
drawn by experts
o With regard to the issue on preterition
The Court believes that the compulsory heirs in the direct line
were not preterited
Segundo did not institute an heir to the exclusion of his
compulsory heirs