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CHUTANDO NA PROVA
s vezes, no tem jeito: temos que chutar por causa da falta de tempo de ler o
texto ou porque no tenhamos entendido o texto !
According to the text above, judge the following items.
21 Protection granted by industrial property rights is exclusive to those products
in which the aspects of intellectual creation are explicit.
24 Copyright and Industrial Property are normally considered as the two
constituents of Intellectual Property.
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INPI 2013
Intellectual Property
Industrial property legislation is part of the wider body of law known
as intellectual property. Intellectual property relates to items of information
or knowledge, which can be incorporated in tangible objects at the same time
in an unlimited number of copies at different locations anywhere in the world.
The property is not in those copies but in the information or knowledge
reflected in them. Intellectual property rights are also characterized by
certain limitations, such as limited duration in the case of copyright and
patents.
The importance of protecting intellectual property was first recognized
in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property in 1883 and
the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in
1886.
Both treaties are administered by the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO). Countries generally have laws to protect intellectual
property for two main reasons. One is to give statutory expression to the
moral and economic rights of creators in their creations and to the rights of
the public in accessing those creations.
The second is to promote creativity and the dissemination and
application of its results, and to encourage fair trade, which would contribute
to economic and social development. Intellectual property is usually divided
into two branches, namely industrial property and copyright.
Copyright relates to artistic creations, such as poems, novels, music,
paintings, and cinematographic works. The expression copyright refers to the
main act which, in respect of literary and artistic creations, may be made only
by the author or with his authorization.
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The broad application of the term industrial is clearly set out in the
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Article 1 (3)):
Industrial property shall be understood in the broadest sense and shall apply
not only to industry and commerce proper, but likewise to agricultural and
extractive industries and to all manufactured or natural products, for
example, wines, grain, tobacco leaf, fruit, cattle, minerals, mineral waters,
beer, flowers, and flour.
Industrial property takes a range of forms. These include patents to
protect inventions; and industrial designs, which are aesthetic creations
determining the appearance of industrial products.
Industrial property also covers trademarks, service marks, layoutdesigns of integrated circuits, commercial names and designations, as well as
geographical indications, and protection against unfair competition.
In some of these, the aspect of intellectual creation, although existent,
is less clearly defined. What counts here is that the object of industrial
property typically consists of signs transmitting information, in particular to
consumers, as regards products and services offered on the market.
Protection is directed against unauthorized use of such signs
likely to mislead consumers, and against misleading practices in general.
Understanding Industrial Property. World Intellectual Property
Organization WIPO, p. 3-5. In: Internet: <http://www.wipo.int> (adapted).
According to the text above, judge the following items.
21 Protection granted by industrial property rights is exclusive to those
products in which the aspects of intellectual creation are explicit.
22 Intellectual property is an umbrella term which defines a group of
laws, including those concerning industrial property.
23 The term property can be replaced by the word propriety, without
distorting the general meaning of the text.
24 Copyright and Industrial Property are normally considered as the
two constituents of Intellectual Property.
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Blind answers
9- (AFRF) THE GOVERNMENT EXPECTS
TO BE
a) 1.7%
b) 2.4%
c) 5.5%
d) 13%
e) 18.75%
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RECOVERY
IS
a) Exuberant.
b) Amazing.
c) Miraculous.
d) Speedy
e) Delayed.
ANAC 2012
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ANCINE 2013
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ANAC 2009
Nature Inc.
Return of the groundbreaking series that puts a price-tag on environmental
services.
The series kicks off with Natural Prevention, a reckoning of how an
investment in natural barriers such as marshes and mangroves to tsunamis
and hurricanes can save billions of dollars as well as thousands of lives.
Nature has spent billions of years developing how to do the most with the
least, comments one scientist in the programme.
The last programme in the six part series Now and Forever looks
ahead to Copenhagen and the major climate conference convened to replace
the Kyoto agreement. We feature the scary number crunching of former
World Bank chief economist, Nicholas Stern, who has worked out that climate
change, if its business as usual, could by 2100 cost up to 20% of World GDP.
Taking action by contrast, would cost just 2%, says programme producer,
Ken Pugh.
Already according to the assessment of a new UN study set to report
in 2010, the International Year of Biodiversity, we are losing over US$ 4
trillion in so-called ecosystem services every year.
Interviewed by Nature Inc., the UN study leader and a former
Deutsche Bank manager, Pavan Sukhdev, says: These sums are staggering
and represent the real credit crunch.
Interviewed at the World Conservation Union headquarters in
Switzerland, IUCN director general Julia Marton-Lefevre also tells Nature Inc.:
We have seen around the world the credit crunch is very real but for a
long time now there has also been a nature crunch going on and its far
bigger, but the world hasnt realized it yet.
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