Você está na página 1de 2

PH-107 (2013)

Tutorial Sheet 9
(Band Theory)
P1: (a) The wave function of the free electron can be written as
(x) Aeikx . Use the momentum operator to show that px k .
(b) The wave function of an electron subjected to a periodic force
in a one-dimensional lattice can be written in the form
(x) u(x)eikx , where u(x) has the same periodicity as that of
crystal. Use momentum operator to show that px k . k is called
the crystal momentum of solid and is different from the usual
momentum.
P2: (a) In a one-dimensional crystal an electric field of magnitude E is
applied to an electron at time t=0 in negative x- direction, when it
was at the bottom of the conduction band at k=0. Show that, in
the absence of any scattering, the position of the electron in real
(ko )
Ft
space at time t is given by x xo
and xo is the original
; ko
F

position and F eE is the magnitude of electric force. Is the motion


periodic in real space? Explain.
(b) Assume that there is a current of 1 A in a wire of 1 mm area of
cross-section. Let the wire be highly resistive with resistivity equal
to 100 ohm cm. Find the electric field in the wire. If this electric
field is applied to an electron in the part (a) of the problem, find
the time taken by this electron to reach k= -1 starting from k=0,
assuming no scattering. Also find the distance over which the
electron will execute oscillations in the absence of scattering.
Calculate the energy of the electrons at k= -1 by assuming a
free electron dispersion relation.
P3: Assume that the energy of an electron in a band of onedimensional solid is given by
A B cos ka
Here A and B are constants and a is the distance between atoms.
Find the velocity and the effective mass of the electron as a
function of k. Find the value of k for which the velocity of the
electron is maximum.

P4: For a certain one-dimensional crystal, energies are given by


2
4
6
2k 2o k
k
k

0.61 0.74
ko
ko
2m ko

where ko=5.4x109m-1. Find the velocity of the electron with wave


vector 0.5 ko. If an electric field of 100 V/m is applied in the
direction of negative k, find the acceleration of the electron at
k=0.5 ko. How long will this electron take to reach a value of k=
0.75ko, assuming no scattering. Was the acceleration of the
electron constant during this transit? What was the acceleration at
k= 0.75ko? How much distance would the electron actually travel in
reaching k=0.75ko.
P5: For a material, the number of electrons per unit volume is same
as the number of holes and is equal to 1020 m-3. If the mobility of
the electron is 0.05 m2/Vs, while that of holes is 0.15 m2/Vs,
calculate the conductivity and the Hall coefficient of the material.
P6: A conductor has 5x1019 electrons and 8x1020 holes per cubic
meter. If electron mobility is 0.05 and the hole mobility is 0.09
m2/Vs respectively, calculate the conductivity and the Hall
coefficient.

Você também pode gostar