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Transient Thermoelastic Analysis for a Multilayered

Hollow Circular Disk with Piecewise Power Law
Nonhomogeneity
a

Yoshihiro Ootao & Yoshinobu Tanigawa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture

University, Sakai, Japan
Version of record first published: 08 Feb 2012.

To cite this article: Yoshihiro Ootao & Yoshinobu Tanigawa (2012): Transient Thermoelastic Analysis for a Multilayered Hollow
Circular Disk with Piecewise Power Law Nonhomogeneity, Journal of Thermal Stresses, 35:1-3, 75-90
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495739.2012.637749

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Journal of Thermal Stresses, 35: 7590, 2012

Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 0149-5739 print/1521-074X online
DOI: 10.1080/01495739.2012.637749

TRANSIENT THERMOELASTIC ANALYSIS FOR A

MULTILAYERED HOLLOW CIRCULAR DISK WITH
PIECEWISE POWER LAW NONHOMOGENEITY
Yoshihiro Ootao and Yoshinobu Tanigawa

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering,

Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
This article is concerned with the theoretical treatment of transient thermoelastic
problem involving a multilayered hollow circular disk with piecewise power law
nonhomogeneity due to uniform heat supply from inner and outer surfaces. The
multilayered hollow circular disk is cooled from the upper and lower surfaces of
the each layer with constant heat transfer coefcient. The thermal conductivity, the
Youngs modulus and the coefcient of linear thermal expansion of each layer are
expressed as power functions of the radial coordinate, and their values continue on the
interfaces. We obtain the exact solution for the one-dimensional temperature change in
a transient state, and in-plane thermoelastic response under the state of plane stress.
Some numerical results for the temperature change, the displacement and the stress
distributions are shown in gures.
Keywords: Functionally graded material; Multilayered circular disk; Power law nonhomogeneity;
Thermoelasticity; Transient state

INTRODUCTION
As a new nonhomogeneous material system, Functionally graded materials
(FGMs) were proposed in Japan at rst. FGMs are those in which two or more
different material ingredients change continuously and gradually along the certain
direction. In recent years, the concept of FGMs has been applied in many industrial
elds [1, 2]. When FGMs are used under high temperature conditions or are
subjected to several thermal loading, it is necessary to analyze the thermal stress
problems for FGMs.
It is well-known that thermal stress distributions in a transient state can
show large values compared with the one in a steady state. Therefore, the analysis
of transient thermoelastic problem for FGMs becomes important. Because the
governing equations for the temperature eld and the associate thermoelastic eld
of FGMs become of nonlinear form in generally, the analytical treatment is very
Received 30 April 2011; accepted 17 June 2011.
This article appears in a special triple issue of the Journal of Thermal Stresses dedicated to
Professor Naotake Noda on the occasion of his 65th birthday and his retirement.
Address correspondence to Yoshihiro Ootao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan.
E-mail: ootao@me.osakafu-u.ac.jp
75

Downloaded by [vinod varghese] at 03:35 15 April 2013

76

Y. OOTAO AND Y. TANIGAWA

difcult. As the analytical treatment of the thermoelastic problems of FGMs, there

are two pieces of treatment mainly. One is introducing the theory of laminated
composites, which have a number of homogeneous layers along the thickness
direction. Examples using the theory of laminated composites are as follows.
We analyzed theoretically the transient thermal stress problems of several
analytical models, i.e., hollow cylinders [35], plates [6, 7] and hollow spheres [8, 9].
Sugano et al. reported an approximate three-dimensional analysis of thermal
stresses in a nonhomogeneous plate with temperature change and nonhomogeneous
properties only in the thickness direction [10] and a one-dimensional analysis of
transient thermal stress in a circular plate with arbitrary variation of heat-transfer
coefcient [11].
The other analytical treatment is the exact analysis under the assumption
that the material properties are given in the specic functions containing the
variable of the thickness coordinate without using the laminated composite model.
Examples of the rectangular coordinates are as follows. Sugano analyzed exactly
one-dimensional transient thermal stresses of nonhomogeneous plate where the
thermal conductivity and Youngs modulus vary exponentially, whereas Poissons
ratio and the coefcient of linear thermal expansion vary arbitrarily in the thickness
direction [12].
Vel and Batra analyzed the three-dimensional transient thermal stresses of
the functionally graded rectangular plate [13]. We analyzed the transient thermal
stress problems of a functionally graded thick strip [14] and a functionally graded
rectangular plate [15], where the thermal conductivity, the coefcient of linear
thermal expansion and Youngs modulus vary exponentially in the thickness
direction, due to nonuniform heat supply.
Examples of the cylindrical coordinates are as follows. We obtained the onedimensional solution for transient thermal stresses of a functionally graded hollow
cylinder whose material properties vary with the power product form of radial
coordinate variable [16]. Zhao et al. analyzed the one-dimensional transient thermomechanical behavior of a functionally graded solid cylinder, whose thermoelastic
constants vary exponentially through the thickness [17]. Shao et al. analyzed onedimensional transient thermo-mechanical behavior of functionally graded hollow
cylinders, whose thermoelastic constants are expressed as Taylors series [18]. For
the case of nonuniform distributed heating, Shao et al. obtained the analytical
solutions for transient thermomechanical response of functionally graded cylindrical
panels [19] and functionally graded hollow cylinders [20]. We obtained the twodimensional analytical solution for the transient thermal stresses of a functionally
graded cylindrical panel whose material properties vary with the power product
form of radial coordinate variable [21]. As the examples of the circular plates, Peng
and Li analyzed the steady thermal stress problem in rotating functionally graded
hollow circular disks [22].
Go et al. analyzed the steady thermal stress problem in a rotating
functionally graded hollow circular disk by nite element method [23]. However,
these studies discuss the thermoelastic problems of one-layered FGM models,
which have the big limitation of nonhomogeneity. On the other hand, the
arbitrary nonhomogeneity can be expressed in the theory of laminated composites
approximately, but the material properties are discontinuous on the interfaces. The
transient thermoelastic problem for a multilayered hollow cylinder with piecewise

THERMOELASTICITY FOR A MULTILAYERED HOLLOW CIRCULAR DISK

77

power law nonhomogeneity as a new FGM model with arbitrary properties was
analyzed [24]. To the authors knowledge, the exact analysis for a transient
thermoelastic problem of multilayered hollow circular disk has not been reported.
From the viewpoint of above-mentioned, we analyze the transient
thermoelastic analysis for a multilayered hollow circular disk with piecewise power
law nonhomogeneity as a new FGM model with arbitrary properties.

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ANALYSIS
Consider a multilayered hollow circular disk with piecewise power low
nonhomogeneity. The thermal conductivity, the Youngs modulus and the
coefcient of linear thermal expansion of each layer are expressed as power
functions of the radial coordinate, and their values continue on the interfaces. The
hollow circular disks inner and outer radii are designated ra and rb , respectively.
Moreover, ri is the outer radius of ith layer. The thickness of the hollow circular
disk is represented by B.
Heat Conduction Problem
The multilayered hollow circular disk is assumed to be initially at zero
temperature and is suddenly heated from the inner and outer surfaces by
surrounding media of constant temperatures Ta and Tb with relative heat transfer
coefcients ha and hb . The multilayered hollow circular disk is cooled from the
upper and lower surfaces of the ith layer by surrounding media of zero temperature
with heat transfer coefcient
is . Then the temperature distribution shows a onedimensional distribution, and the transient heat conduction equation for the ith
layer is taken in the following forms:



Ti
Ti
1 
2

ci i
=
i rr
si Ti
t
r r
r
B

(1)

The thermal conductivity i and the heat capacity per unit volume ci i in each layer
is assumed to take the following forms:

i r =

i0

mi

r
ri1

 ci i = const

(2)

where
mi =

0
/ i0 
ln i+1
lnri /ri1 

(3)

Substituting the Eqs. (2) and (3) into the Eq. (1), the transient heat conduction
equation in dimensionless form is



2



2Hsi
 i0


Ti
mi 1 Ti
mi  Ti


mi + 1r

=
+ r
Ti i = 1 2


 N
mi
2

r
r
c i  i ri1
c i  i

B

(4)

78

Y. OOTAO AND Y. TANIGAWA

The initial and thermal boundary conditions in dimensionless form are

 = 0

Ti = 0 i = 1 2


 N


T1
T1 = Ha

Ta
Ha

r = ra
r
r = ri

Ti =

Ti+1 i = 1 2


 N 1
r = ri



T


Ti
= i+1 i = 1 2


 N 1
r
r


TN
r = 1
TN = Hb

Tb
+ Hb

r

(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)

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In Eqs. (3)(9), we have introduced the following dimensionless values:



Ti 

Ta 

Tb  =
c i  i =

Ti  Ta  Tb 
r ri  ra  B
t

 r  ri  ra 

B =
  = 02  0 = 0 
T0
rb
c0  0
rb

c i i
  0 
  i   i0  = i i 
c0  0
0

Ha  Hb  = ha  hb rb  Hsi =
si rb /0 (10)

where Ti is the temperature change; t is time; and T0 , 0 , and c0 0 are typical

values of temperature, thermal conductivity and heat capacity per unit volume,
respectively. Introducing the Laplace transformation with respect to the variable ,
the solution of Eq. (4) can be obtained so as to satisfy the conditions (5)(9). This
solution is shown as follows:


1


Ti = r mi /2

Ai I
i i r 1mi /2  +

Bi K
i i r 1mi /2 
F





 10 2 m1 2 ij2
2 10

B 1j 2 m1 2 r mi /2
2Hs1
+
exp

+
m
m
2 0
2

4c1  1 ra 1
B
c 1  i

a 1   1j 
j=1  1j 1 2 m1  B + 8Hs1 r








1mi /2
1mi /2
2
2




+ Bi Y
i
if mi = 0 2
K1i ij + K2i r
K1i ij + K2i r
Ai J
i
(11)
where Ix   and Kx   are the modied Bessel functions of the rst and second kind
of order x, respectively. Jx   and Yx   are the Bessel functions of the rst and
second kind of order x, respectively. And,  and F are the determinants of 2N
2N matrix [akl ] and [ekl ], respectively; the coefcients

Ai and

Bi are dened as the
determinant of the matrix similar to the coefcient matrix [akl ], in which the 2i
1th column or 2ith column is replaced by the constant vector ck , respectively.
Similarly, the coefcients

Ai and

Bi are dened as the determinant of the
matrix similar to the coefcient matrix [ekl ], in which the 2i 1th column or 2ith
column is replaced by the constant vector ck , respectively. The nonzero elements
of the coefcient matrices [akl ], [ekl ] and the constant vector ck  are given as



 

m
m
m
m1
1
1 1
a11 = ra 2
1 1
ra1 Ha J
1 1 ra 2

1
2
2 m1

THERMOELASTICITY FOR A MULTILAYERED HOLLOW CIRCULAR DISK

a12

a2N2N 1
a2N2N

79




 m
m
m
1
1

1 1 1 ra 2 J
1 +1 1 ra 2
2



 


m
m
m1
m1
21
1 21
1
1
r Ha Y
1 1 ra
= ra

1
2
2 m1 a



 m
m
m
1
1
1 1 1 ra 2 Y
1 +1 1 ra 2

2







mN
mN
mN
+ Hb J
N  N  N 1

N
J
N +1  N 
=
1
2
2 mN
2







m
m
mN
+ Hb Y
N  N  N 1 N Y
N +1  N 
=
1 N

N
2
2 mN
2

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(12)
a2i2i1 =

ri

mi
2

a2i2i+1 = ri


J
i i e
mi+1
2

mi
2


 a2i2i =

ri

mi
2


Y
i i e

mi
2








m
m
m
1 i+1
i+1
1 i+1
J
i+1 i+1 ri 2  a2i2i+2 = ri 2 Y
i+1 i+1 ri 2 








m
m
m
mi
mi m2i
1 2i
2i
1 2i
1

i
r J
i i ri
i ri J
i +1 i ri

r
= 1
2 i
2 mi i






 m

m
m
m
m
mi
i
1 i
i
1 i

i
ri1 Y
i i ri 2 i ri 2 Y
i +1 i ri 2

= 1 i ri 2
2
2 mi







m
mi+1 mi+1
mi+1
1 i+1
1
2
2

i+1
r J
i+1 i+1 ri
= 1
ri
2
2 mi+1 i


m
m
i+1
1 i+1
i+1 ri 2 J
i+1 +1 i+1 ri 2



a2i+12i1
a2i+12i
a2i+12i+1

a2i+12i+2







m
mi+1 mi+1
mi+1
1 i+1
1
2
2

i+1
r Y
i+1 i+1 ri
= 1
ri
2
2 mi+1 i


m
m
i+1
1 i+1
i+1 ri 2 Y
i+1 +1 i+1 ri 2
i = 1 2


 N 1


 


m
m1
m1
1 1
ra1 Ha I
1 1 ra 2

1
2
2 m1
 m



m
m1 21
21
+ 1 1
ra I
1 +1 1 ra

2







m
m
m
m1
1
1 1
1 1
ra1 Ha K
1 1 ra 2
= ra 2

1
2
2 m1
 m



m1
m1 21
21
1 1
ra K
1 +1 1 ra

2







m
m
mN
+ Hb I
N N  + N 1 N I
N +1 N 

N
=
1 N
2
2 mN
2

e11 = ra

e12

e2N2N 1

m1
2




(13)

80

Y. OOTAO AND Y. TANIGAWA


e2N2N =

mN
2



N

mN
2 mN




m
+ Hb K
N N  N 1 N K
N +1 N 
2
(14)

m


mi 
mi 
i
I
i i e1 2  e2i2i = ri 2 K
i i e1 2 




m
m
m
m
i+1
1 i+1
i+1
1 i+1
= ri 2 I
i+1 i+1 ri 2  e2i2i+2 = ri 2 K
i+1 i+1 ri 2 









m
m
m
mi m2i
mi
1 2i
2i
1 2i
1
r

i
r I  r
+i ri I
i +1 i ri

= 1
2 i
2 mi i
i i i







m
m
m 
m mi
mi
1 i
i
1 i
ri1 K
i i ri 2 i ri 2 K
i +1 i ri 2 
= 1 i ri 2
i
2
2 mi




 m

m
mi+1 i+1
mi+1
1 i+1
1
2
2

i+1
r I
i+1 i+1 ri
= 1
ri
2
2 mi+1 i


m
m
i+1
1 i+1
+ i+1 ri 2 I
i+1 +1 i+1 ri 2


e2i2i1 = ri
e2i2i+1
e2i+12i1

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e2i+12i
e2i+12i+1

e2i+12i+2

mi
2







m
mi+1 mi+1
mi+1
1 i+1
1
2
2

i+1
r K
i+1 i+1 ri
= 1
ri
2
2 mi+1 i


m
m
i+1
1 i+1
i+1 ri 2 K
i+1 +1 i+1 ri 2
i = 1 2


 N 1

c1 = Ha

Ta  c2N = Hb

Tb

(15)
(16)

In Eq. (11), K1i , K2i ,   1j , i , and
i are



m
m
Hs1
 10 2 m1 2 c i  i ri1i
8ci  i ri1i
Hsi
K1i = 0

K2i = 0

m 
c i  i
 i 2 mi 2 c 1  1 ra 1
 i 2 mi 2

B c 1  1




m

 mi 
8Hsi ri1i
d




  1j  =
 i =

i = 
d 1  1 = 1j
2 mi 
B2 mi 2
 i0

(17)

and 1j represent the jth positive roots of the following transcendental equation
 1  = 0

(18)

In Eqs. (12) and (13), the relations between i and 1 are

i =

K1i 12 + K2i i = 1 2


 N

(19)

Thermoelastic Problem
Let analyze the transient thermoelasticity of a multilayered circular disk
as a plane stress problem. The displacement-strain relations are expressed in

THERMOELASTICITY FOR A MULTILAYERED HOLLOW CIRCULAR DISK

81

dimensionless form as follows:

 rri = u rir   i =

u ri
r

(20)

where a comma denotes partial differentiation with respect to the variable that
follows. The constitutive relations are expressed in dimensionless form as follows:








Ei


E

T
 rri
 rri
1 i
=
i i i
(21)
 i
  i
1 2i
1 + i 1 i  i 1
The equilibrium equation is expressed in dimensionless form as follows:

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1
 rrir +  rri  i  = 0
r

(22)

The Youngs modulus Ei , the coefcient of linear thermal expansion i and

Poissons ratio i are assumed to take the following forms:




r li
r bi


Ei r  =

  i r  =  i0
 i = const
(23)
Ei0
ri1
ri1
wherev
li =

0
0
/

Ei0 
/i0 
ln

Ei+1
lni+1
 bi =
lnri /ri1 
lnri /ri1 

(24)

In Eqs. (20)(24), the following dimensionless values are introduced:

 kli =


Ei 

Ei0  =

kli

  0 
  kli = kli  i   i0  = i i 
0 E 0 T0
0 T0
0
Ei  Ei0 
uri
 u ri =
E0
0 T0 rb

(25)

where kli are the stress components, kli are the strain components, uri is the
displacement in the radial direction, and 0 and E0 are the typical values of
the coefcient of linear thermal expansion and Youngs modulus, respectively.
Substituting Eqs. (20), (21) and (23) into Eq. (22), the displacement equation of
equilibrium is written as
u rir r +

li + 1
1 + i i0
Ti + r bi

Ti r 
u rir + i li 1uri r 2 =
li + bi r bi 1

bi
r
ri1

(26)

If the inner and outer surfaces are traction free, and the interfaces of the each layer
are perfectly bonded, then the boundary conditions of inner and outer surfaces and
the conditions of continuity on the interfaces can be represented as follows:
r = ra  rr1 = 0

(27)

r = ri  rri =  rri+1  u ri = u ri+1

(28)

r = 1  rrN = 0

(29)

82

Y. OOTAO AND Y. TANIGAWA

We assume the solution of Eq. (26) in the following form.

u ri = u ric + u rip

(30)

In Eq. (30), the rst term on the right side gives the homogeneous solution and
the second term of right side gives the particular solution. We now consider the
homogeneous solution, and introduce the following equation:
r = exps

(31)

Changing a variable with the use of Eq. (31), the homogeneous expression of
Eq. (26) is

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2 + li D

1 i li uric = 0
D

(32)

where

=
D

d
ds

(33)

We now introduce the following expression:

Hi = li2 + 41 i li 

(34)

Because Hi is positive in generally, there are two distinct real roots as follows:
i1 = li +

Hi /2 i2 = li

Hi /2

(35)

The homogeneous solution u ric r  is given by the following expression:

u ric = A1i r i1 + A2i r i2

(36)

In Eq. (36), Ai1 and Ai2 are unknown constants.

To obtain the particular solution, we use the series expansions of the Bessel
functions and the modied Bessel functions. Because the order
i of the Bessel
functions in Eq. (11) is not integer in general, Eq. (11) can be written as the
following expression.


Ti r   =




ani r w1i + bni r w2i 

(37)

n=0

where
1
2 mi 2n +
i  mi  
2
1
w2i = 2 mi 2n
i  mi 
2
w1i =

(38)

THERMOELASTICITY FOR A MULTILAYERED HOLLOW CIRCULAR DISK

ain  =

83



  2n+
i
1

1

i
Bi
Ai

2 sin
i  n!
i + n + 1 2
F
B 1j 2 m1 2
2 10

m
2 0
2

a 1   1j 
j=1  1j 1 2 m1  B + 8Hs1 r



 10 2 m1 2 ij2
2Hs1

+
exp
m
4c1  1 ra 1
B
c 1  i

2n+
i
2


1n
cos
i 
K1i 1j + K2i




Ai +
Bi

sin
i 
n!
i + n + 1
2

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bin  =




  2n
i

1 
1
i


Bi

F 2 sin
i  n!
i + n + 1 2


B 1j 2 m1 2
2 10

+
m
2 0
2

a 1   1j 
j=1  1j 1 2 m1  B + 8Hs1 r



 10 2 m1 2 ij2
2Hs1
exp

+
m
4c1  1 ra 1
c 1  i

B

2n
i
2
n
K

+
K
1i 1j
2i
1
1

Bi

sin
i  n!
i + n + 1
2

(39)

The particular solution u rip is

u rip ri   =




fani r w1i +bi +1 + fbni r w2i +bi +1 

(40)

n=0

Expressions for fani  and fbni  in Eq. (40) are omitted here for the sake of
brevity. Then, the stress components can be evaluated by substituting Eq. (30) into
Eq. (20), and later into Eq. (21). The unknown constants in Eq. (36) are determined
so as to satisfy the boundary conditions (27)(29).
NUMERICAL RESULTS
We consider the functionally graded materials composed of titanium alloy
(Ti-6Al-4V) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ). We assume that the hollow circular disk is
heated from the outer surface (zirconium oxide 100%) by surrounding media. The
material of the inner surface is titanium alloy 100%. The material properties gi of
the interface between ith layer and (i + 1)th layer are assumed as follows:
gi = ga + gb ga ci  0 ci 1 i = 1 2


 N 1

(41)

where ga is the material property of the inner surface, and gb is the material property
of the outer surface. The numerical parameters of heat conduction, shape and ci are

84

Y. OOTAO AND Y. TANIGAWA

presented as follows:
Ta = 0

Tb = 1
0

B = 0
05
Ha = 1
0 Hb = 10
0

(42)

Case 1: Hsi = 0
1 N = 2 ra = 0
2 r1 = 0
6 c1 = 0
5

(43)

Case 2: Hsi = 0
1 N = 2 ra = 0
2 r1 = 0
6 c1 = 0
1 0
5 0
9

(44)

Case 3: Hsi = 0
1 N = 3 ra = 0
2 r1 = 1
4/3 r2 = 2
2/3
c1 = 0
1 c2 = 0
2 0
5 0
9

(45)

Case 4: Hsi = 0
1 N = 1 ra = 0
2

(46)

Case 5: Hsi = 1
0 N = 2 ra = 0
2 r1 = 0
6 c1 = 0
5

(47)

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The material constants for titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) are taken as,
 = 2
61 106 m2/s  c = 537
7 J/(kg K)  = 4420 kg/m3 
 = 6
2 W/(m K)  = 8
9 106 1/K E = 105
8 GPa
 = 0
3

(48)

for zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ),

 = 1
06 106 m2/s  c = 461
4 J/kg K  = 3657 kg/m3 
 = 1
78 10 W/(m K)  = 8
7 106 1/K E = 116
4 10 GPa
 = 0
3

(49)

The typical values of material properties such as 0 , 0 , 0 and E0 used to normalize

the numerical data, are based on those of zirconium oxide.

Figure 1

Variation of temperature change in the radial direction (Case 1).

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THERMOELASTICITY FOR A MULTILAYERED HOLLOW CIRCULAR DISK

Figure 2

85

Variation of displacement u r in the radial direction (Case 1).

The numerical results for Case 1 are shown in Figures 13. Figure 1 shows
the variation of temperature change along the radial direction. Figure 2 shows the
variation of displacement u r along the radial direction. From Figures 1 and 2, the
temperature and displacement rise as time proceeds and are greatest in the steady
state. Figures 4a and 4b show the variations of thermal stresses  rr and   along
the radial direction, respectively. From Figure 3a, the maximum tensile stress occurs
in the transient state inside the hollow circular disk. From Figure 3b, the large
compressive stress occurs on the heated surface and the tensile stress occurs near
the inner surface.

Figure 3 Variation of thermal stresses in the radial direction (Case 1): (a) normal stress  rr and
(b) normal stress   .

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Y. OOTAO AND Y. TANIGAWA

Figure 4 Variation of thermal stresses in the radial direction (Case 2,  = : (a) normal stress  rr
and (b) normal stress   .

To assess the inuence of the material property distribution for two-layered

FGM model, the numerical results for Case 2 are shown in Figure 4. Figures 4a
and 4b show the variations of thermal stresses  rr and   in the steady state,
respectively. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the maximum values of the thermal
stresses  rr and   decrease when the parameter c1 decreases.
To assess the inuence of the material property distribution for three-layered
FGM model, the numerical results for Case 3 are shown in Figure 5. Figures 5a
and 5b show the variations of thermal stresses  rr and   in the steady state,

Figure 5 Variation of thermal stresses in the radial direction (Case 3,  = : (a) normal stress  rr
and (b) normal stress   .

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THERMOELASTICITY FOR A MULTILAYERED HOLLOW CIRCULAR DISK

87

Figure 6 Variation of thermal stresses in the radial direction (Case 4): (a) normal stress  rr and (b)
normal stress   .

respectively. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the maximum values of the thermal
stresses  rr and   decrease when the parameter c2 decreases.
To assess the inuence of the functional grading, the numerical results for
Case 4, i.e., one-layered FGM model, are shown in Figure 6. Figures 6a and 6b show
the variations of thermal stresses  rr and   along the radial direction, respectively.
In comparison with the numerical results for Case 2 and Case 3, it is possible to
decrease the maximum values of thermal stresses  rr and   using the multilayered
FGM model with piecewise power law nonhomogeneity.

Figure 7

Variation of temperature change in the radial direction (Case 5).

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Y. OOTAO AND Y. TANIGAWA

Figure 8

Variation of displacement u r in the radial direction (Case 5).

To assess the inuence of the relative heat transfer coefcient of upper and
lower sides, the numerical results for two-layered FGM model, are shown in
Figures 79. Figure 7 shows the variation of temperature change along the radial
direction. Figure 8 shows the variation of displacement u r along the radial direction.
Figures 9a and 9b show the variations of thermal stresses  rr and   along the
radial direction, respectively. In comparison with the numerical results for Case 2,
it can be seen that the values of the temperature, displacement and thermal stress

Figure 9 Variation of thermal stresses in the radial direction (Case 5): (a) normal stress  rr and
(b) normal stress   .

THERMOELASTICITY FOR A MULTILAYERED HOLLOW CIRCULAR DISK

89

 rr decrease when the Biots number Hsi increases. From Figures 3b and 9b, the
maximum tensile stress of   decreases when the Biots number Hsi increases, while
the maximum compressive stress of   doesnt decrease.

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CONCLUSION
In the present article, we analyzed the transient thermoelastic problem
involving a multilayered hollow circular disk with piecewise power law
nonhomogeneity due to uniform heat supply from inner and outer surfaces. The
multilayered hollow circular disk is cooled from the upper and lower surfaces of
the each layer with constant heat transfer coefcient. The thermal conductivity,
the Youngs modulus and the coefcient of linear thermal expansion of each layer
are expressed as power functions of the radial coordinate in the radial direction,
and their values continue on the interfaces. We obtained the exact solution for the
transient one-dimensional temperature and transient thermoelastic response of a
multilayered hollow circular disk.
As the numerical example, we carried out numerical calculations for
the functionally graded materials composed of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and
zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) and examined the behaviors in the transient state
for the temperature change, the displacement, the thermal stress displacements.
Furthermore, the inuence of the functional grading on the thermal stresses is
investigated. We obtain the following results.
(1) It is possible to decrease the maximum values of thermal stresses using
the multilayered FGM model with piecewise power law nonhomogeneity as
compared with the one-layed FGM model.
(2) The values of the temperature, displacement, thermal stress  rr decrease when
the Biots number of the upper and lower surfaces increases.
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