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TEAM ORGANIZATION
MODELS
SURIYAH M
Roll no: 2009263008
I M.E., C.S.E (SPLN IN
KE&CL)
CHIEF PROGRAMMER ORGANISATION
A chief programmer designs all the programs of the project and assigns tasks to other team
members. The chief programmer is the endpoint of communication for all team
communications.
The team members do menial programming tasks as directed by the chief programmers.
A librarian for documentation is also available.
Usually an assistant chief programmer serves as a substitute for the chief programmer when
necessary. The extent of power which the chief programmer shares with the assistant chief
programmer is also up to the chief programmer.
Advantages:
• No chance of communication gap between people since the chief programmer is
responsible for the design and implementation decisions.
• Projects will be of very high quality.
• As the decision making process is centralized, the project is completed fast.
• The chief programmer is responsible for reviewing the entire code. This eliminates the
need for peer code reviews.
Disadvantages:
• Since the chief programmer functions as a software engineer and project manager, it is
difficult to find someone with both the abilities.
• The chief programmer being a human is also subject to illness, stress etc. This may be
reflected in the decisions he / she makes.
EGOLESS PROGRAMMING
This phrase was coined by Gerald Weinberg in 1971. All the decisions regarding
design and implementation of the project are taken by the entire team a brainstorming
session or a debate followed by voting. The view of each and every team member counts. The
responsibility of success or failure does not rest on a single individual. The entire team shares
it.
Another important feature of ego less programming is having formal peer reviews to
multiply the chances of detecting errors in the early stages of development instead of detecting
them in the testing phase. This requires that the team members to be more open minded to
criticism. The code a person develops must not be viewed as an extension of himself / herself.
Advantages:
• The focus is on the final product and not on individual contribution due to the sharing of
responsibility.
• By working on a project together, the developers get the sense of detachment of self
from their code. This facilitates the detection of faults in the early stages of
development.
Disadvantages:
• The entire team has to have a uniform speed and constant communication.
• As all the decisions are taken by the entire team, the time and cost become high.
• This concept does not work well with software engineers who are very egocentric and
see their code as an extension of themselves.
MATRIX ORGANISATION
This organization structure has the team created from various sections of the business.
These teams will be created for the purpose of a specific project. Project manager leads the
team. Often the team exists only for the duration of the project.
Advantages:
• Individuals are chosen according to the project's needs.
• As the specialists in various fields are gathered in a team, the problem is viewed from a
different perspective and this adds to the dynamism of the project.
Disadvantages:
• The cost can be high as specialists in various fields are gathered.
• If a lot of independence is given to the team, monitoring becomes difficult.
FUNCTIONAL ORGANISATION
Each individual's strengths and weaknesses are analyzed. Based on this analysis, the
staffs are grouped into categories. The staff members are assigned specific tasks which make
the best possible use of their skills. Each group or category is managed by an individual who
has an advanced qualification in that area. As individuals receive additional training, education
or certification, they may be moved to a different group in order to make superlative use of their
skills.
Advantages:
• An individual obtains professional expertise in a particular field due to the grouping
specialists in a single unit.
• This helps the individual to grow within the organization.
Disadvantages:
• The speed of resolving a problem is low.
• The communication between groups is complex.
• Since the individuals are grouped as per their functions, the employees obtain a
narrowed vision of the organizational objective.
PROJECT BASED ORGANISATION
The project manager selects the people he needs for the project. He / She evaluates the
people based on their performance and this evaluation plays a role in their promotion. The team
has its own budget, staff and performance criteria and cuts across departmental lines. The
measure of success is broken down to smaller achievements which are then assigned to teams
or individuals.
Advantages:
• The team members will play their roles perfectly as this affects their promotion,
increment etc.
Disadvantages:
• The focus of the employees is on promotions and increments and not in gaining
technical expertise in a particular field.