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WuriSyaputri:CONTEXTOFCULTURE:GENRE

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WURI SYAPUTRI
Pieces of life That's just a little hope into the future memories

Minggu, 30 September 2012

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CONTEXT OF CULTURE: GENRE

Itwassuggestedbeforethattakingasystemicfunctionalapproachto
languageinvolvesaskingbothhowpeopleuselanguage,andhowlanguageis
itselfstructuredforuse.Inbeginninghowpeopleuselanguagetoachieve
culturallyappropriategoals,troughtheconceptofgenre.Anauthentictext
canbeusedtoillustratemanyoftheprinciplesofgenretheory.
Nativespeakersof(Australian)Englishcanveryquicklyidentifythreekey
aspectsofthistext.Theyarefield,modeandtenor.Firstaspectisfield.We
canrapidlyidentifythetopic,whatthetextisabout.Weworkoutthefieldof
thistextlargelyfromthelexicalitems(awordwhichoccursinaverylimited
numberofcontexts).Secondaspectismode.Modeistalkingabouttherole
languageisplaying.Aspectsoflanguageusedthatindicatethismodetous
includethefactthatwehaveonlyonespeakerscontributions.Thirdaspectis
tenor.Tenoristheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweentheinteractants.
Whatwehavedonesofaristodescribetheregisterofthetext.Registeris
describestheimmediatesituationalcontextinwhichthetextwasproduced.

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Wecansuggestwhattheoverallpurposeorfunctionoftheinteractionis
thatis,wecansuggestwhatgenrethetextbelongsto.
Martinofferstwousefuldefinitionsofgenre.First:

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Agenreisstaged,goaloriented,purposefulactivityinwhichspeakersengage
asmembersofourculture(1984:25).

Lesstechnically:
Genresarehowthingsgetdone,whenlanguageisusedtoaccomplishthem
(1985b:248).
Defininggenresinthisway,wecanseethatthereareasmanydifferent
genresastherearerecognizablesocialactivitytypesinourculture.Thereare:
Literarygenres:shortstories,romanticnovels,

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whodunnits,autobiographies,ballads,
sonnets,fables,tragedies,sitcoms.
Popularwrittengenres:instructionalmanuals,newspaperarticles,
magazinereports,recipes,
Educationalgenres:lectures,tutorials,report/essaywriting,

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CONTEXT OF
CULTURE: GENRE
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leadingseminars,examinations,
textbookwriting
Astageisourculturalcontextwhichpermitsustomakesenseofthetext:to
findasocialactivitytypeinwhichthekindsofmeaningsrealizedherewould
haveapurpose.
Thus,studyinghowpeopleuselanguageforcesustorecognize,first,that

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linguisticbehaviorisgoaloriented(wecanonlymakesenseoftalkifwe
assumeittobepurposeful)and,second,thatlinguisticbehaviortakesplace
withinbothasituationandaculture,inrelationtiwhichitcanbeevaluated
asappropriateorinappropriate.
Therearetwodifferentlevelsofcontext.Theyarecontextofsituationisa
contextthatdescribedbydescribingtheregisterofthetext.Contextof
culture,acontextthatgavepurposeandmeaningtothefactthatdescribedby
genre.
Schematicstructurerepresentsthepositivecontributiongenremakestoa
text:awayofgettingfromAtoBinthewayagivencultureaccomplishes
whateverthegenreinquestioninfunctioningtodointhatculture(Martin,
1985b:251).
Describingtheschematicstructureofgenresbringsustwofundamental

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conceptsinlinguisticanalysistheyareconstituencythatreferstoapart/
wholerelationshipbetweenelementsofsomewhole,andfunctional
labeling.

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Reference:
Eggins, Suzzanne, 1994, An Introduction to systemic Functional
Lingustics.PrinterPublisherLtd.UnitedKingdom.P:2548

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