Year 2011

Structured questions
1. Physical & psychological aspects are important in a childs development. For each
of the aspect, explain 3 physical characteristics and 2 psychosocial characteristics to
create a conducive learning environment for the children.
a. physical characteristic [6]
b. psychosocial characteristic [4]
2. Play is important in the development of children. Explain the importance for each
of the play stated below:
a. Social play [5]
b. Cognitive play [5]
3. Daniel Goldman has divided human ability to manage emotion into 2 parts: that
are personal and social competency. Explain the characteristic for each of the
competency.
a. Personal competency [5]
b. Social competency [5]
4. A father to promise to reward his son if he obtains excellent result in the
examination. Offering rewards for excellent in the examination is a form of extrinsic
motivation.
a. State 1 positive and 1 negative effect of extrinsic motivation [4]
b. Explain 2 ways to reduce the negative effects of extrinsic motivation in the
classroom [6]

Year 2011

Essay (Answer any 2 questions) 5 Points

1. To what extent can constructivism be effectively apply in the Malaysian classroom.
Justify your stand based on theoretical and practical examples. [20]
2. According to the information processing model. Short-term memory has very
limited processing capacity. Discuss how a teachers knowledge of the limited
processing capacity in short-term memory can be used to teach effectively. [20]
3. The students in Ms. Annies class perform badly every year. Her students always
do not pay attention during the teaching-learning process. Discuss ways to help Ms.
Annie create an effective teaching and learning environment. [20]

Year 2007

Structured questions
1.
a. List 5 importance of play in the process of child learning. [5]
b. Describe 5 aspects of individual differences. [5]
Essay questions
1.
a. One of the components of EQ (Emotional Quotient) is the ability to develop
good relationship with others. Teaching and learning are successful if there is
good interaction in the classroom.
1. Describe 5 steps in enhancing trust and strengthening relationship
effectively in the classroom. [5]
2. Propose 5 ways of developing effective communication in the classroom.
[5]
b. Pupils centered learning approach leads to constructivism.
1. Discuss the sequences of the constructivism teaching. [5]
2. Describe 5 aspects of constructivist teacher. [5]

Structured questions

1. Learning styles can be conceptualized as field dependence and field

independence.
a. State your understanding of these two concepts of learning styles. [4]
b. For each of the above concept, state 3 characteristics. [6]
Field dependence
i.
ii.
iii.

Field dependence
i.
ii.
iii.

2. One of the teaching learning activities is play. Play should be meaningful.

a. State 2 characteristic of play [4]
b. Explain 3 importance of play [6]
3.
a. Pupils in the classroom are different in various aspects. State 4 aspects to
show that they are different. [4]
b. Describe briefly each aspect of the individual difference as stated above. [6]
4.
a. The teacher plays an important role in improving pupils performance. State 4
ways a teacher can increase students motivation.
b. Explain 3 teaching and learning strategies to motivate the students in the
classroom.

Essay questions
1.
a. According to Abraham Maslow, individual has the potential to strive with their
own initiatives so as to obtain satisfaction in a higher hierarchy order. Based

on your understanding, elaborate on the 5 characteristics that an individual

has. [10]
b. Constructivist theory assumes that knowledge is created through the
integration of the previous and the new learning. In your opinion, what are the
5 implication of the constructivist theory in teaching and learning? [10]
2. A teacher can use 4 types of teaching and learning strategies which are teacher
centered strategies, pupil centered strategies, material centered strategies and task/
activity centered strategies.
a. Explain the difference between the teacher and student centered strategies.
[10]
b. As a beginning teacher in a primary school, you are interested in using
brainstorming as a teaching method. Explain the benefits of using this
method. [10]
3.
a. The effectiveness of learning largely depends on creating a conducive
classroom environment. Describe 5 characteristics of a conducive classroom
environment. [10]
b. Based on the inquiry teaching model, describe 5 implications of the teaching
and learning in the classroom. [10]

Year 2009
Structured questions
1.
a. Explain the concept of learning environment. [2]

b. Psychosocial is a very important aspect in the learning environment. Explain 4

elements of psychosocial in the learning environment. [8]
2. Play is a part of teaching learning activity.
a. Explain the concept of play. [2]
b. State 2 characteristics of play. [4]
c. State 2 importance of play. [4]
3.
a. Children differ in their intelligence. Intelligence can be defined as the learning
ability in terms of learning from understanding and interacting with the
surrounding. This ability includes the specific ability as well. State 4 types of
specific ability. [6]
b. Individual differences will influence the teachers teaching styles. Suggest 4
teaching methods that can be used by the teacher based on the individual
differences and learning styles. [4]
4.
a. Motivation consists of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Explain the meaning
of:
a. Intrinsic motivation [2]
b. Extrinsic motivation [2]
b. Intrinsic motivation is from the individual. State 4 ways the teacher can foster
intrinsic motivation in the students. [6]

Essay questions
1.
a. Albert Bandura made a lot of research on how human learn through
observation. Observation learning proposed by Bandura emphasize on the
process of modeling. Based on the understanding, explain 4 steps in the
process of the modeling. [4]

b. Behaviorist is a theory that explains how human and animals learn. This
theory focuses on the behavior which is objective and can be observed. [6]
2. A teacher can use discussion in teaching and learning. Discussion must be based
on teaching aids which are familiar to the students. Generally, discussion always
ends with a consensus, problem solving and also explanation about the insight that
is obtained.
a. Explain the 5 aims of having discussion in the teaching. [5]
b. There are many types of discussion which the teacher can use in the teaching
process. Explain 5 ways how the teacher organizes an open discussion. [5]
3.
a. Effective teaching and learning depends a lot on the conducive classroom
environment. Explain 5 considerations in planning the procedures for a
conducive classroom environment.
b. Positive relationship between teacher and students encourages effective
teaching and learning process. Explain 5 ways the teacher can foster positive
relationship with the students.