9 Manufacture Substances in Industry

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CHAPTER 9: MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRIES

T. 9.0
1. What is the name of

industrial process to produce
sulphuric acid?
2. Give 3 uses of sulphuric
acid.
1.Describe Haber Process

2.List 3 uses of ammonia
3.Describe an experiment
to prepare ammonium
fertilizer
Understanding the
manufacture of
Sulphuric acid
Synthesising the
manufacture of ammonia
and its salts
1. Define alloy.
2. Explain why the alloy is harder
than pure metal.
3. List 2 examples of alloys and
list its compositions respectively.
4. List 2 examples of alloy and
their compositions.
Understanding alloy
MANUFACTURED
SUBSTANCES IN
INDUSTRY
Evaluating uses of
Composite materials
1. Define composite material.

2. Give an example of composite
material; explain its properties
and its uses.
3. List 3 examples of composite
materials and their components
Chemistry Module 2009

@ Hak Milik JPN Pahang
Evaluating uses of
synthetic polymers
Applying uses of glass
and ceramics
1. List the different between

glasses and ceramic.
2. List uses of ceramics.
3. State properties of glass
1. What is synthetic polymer?

2. List two examples of
synthetic polymers.
Then state its monomer.
3. List 3 naturally occurring
polymers.
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Contact Process
T. 9.1
Stage I: - Formation of sulphur dioxide

Combustion of sulfur in oxygen/ metal sulphide in oxygen
S + O2
SO2
Stage II: - Formation of sulphur trioxide
Combustion in the excess oxygen
V2O5
2SO2 + O2
2SO3
o
450 C, 1 atm.
Stage III: - Formation of sulphuric acid
Sulphur trioxide is added to concentrated sulphuric acid.
SO3
+ H2SO4
H2S2O7
Oleum
H2S2O7 + H2O
2H2SO4
Sulphuric acid
Manufacturing of
sulphuric acid
Environmental
pollution
MANUFACTURE OF
SULPHURIC ACID
Explaination
1. Manufactured materials of sulphuric acid are
usually non-biodegradation
2. The combustion could evolve sulphur dioxide to
causes acid rain.
3. The fertilizer may cause water pollution if use it
in excess.
4. Detergent may cause water pollution.

Uses
1. Production of fertilizer
e.g.:
(a)
(b)
(c)
2. Drying agent (dehydration agent)
3.
Manufacture of detergent.
4.
Electrolyte in battery
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T. 9.2
1. Pungent smell
2. Colourless
3. Base
4. Dissolved in water to form
alkali
Iron filings
N2 + 3H2
2NH3
300atm.,
500oC
Haber process
Properties of
ammonia
Manufacturing ammonia in
industry
MANUFACTURE OF
AMMONIA AND ITS SALTS
To produce ammonium
fertilizer in laboratory
Preparation of ammonium
sulphate (NH4)2SO4

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T. 9.3
Metal
atoms
Weight
Pure metal
Iron ball
Atoms of Pure metal are the same in sizes and are

arrange in a regular arrangement. Therefore the atoms
can slide over each other easily by force.
Metal block
Experiment
Compare the hardness of pure
metals and alloys//Rate of
corrosion of iron and steel
Metal
atoms
Foreign
atoms
Alloy
Metal atoms and foreign atoms are not the
same in sizes and arranged in irregular
arrangement. Therefore the atoms are
difficult to slide over each other using force.
Definition
Mixture of two or more elements
whereas one of them is metal
mixed in a certain composition.
ALLOYS
ALLOYS
Composition and
uses of alloy
Alloy
Composition
Steel
Fe , C
Brass
Cu , Zn
Bronze
Cu, Sn
Duralumi
Al , Mg/Cu
Cupronickel Cu, Ni
Pewter
Sn , Cu/Sb

Usage
Vehicle, ,bridge
Electrical componen
Medal, statue
Airplanes
Coin
Souvenir,
Structural of atoms
(particles) in pure
metal and alloy
Aim of making
alloy
*To increase hardness

*To improve appearance.
*To prevent rusting
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Polymer
Starch
Monomer
glucose
Uses
food
Protein
amino acid
food
Natural rubber
isoprene
T. 9.4
Tyre
Natural polymer,
monomer & its uses
A substance form by linking

together many simpler units
calls monomers.
Natural polymers
Synthetic polymers
Definition
SYNTHETIC
POLYMERS
Synthetic polymers
monomers & uses
Environmental
pollution
Polymer & formula
Most of the synthetic
polymers are nonbiodegradable and
producing poisonous gas
on burning
Uses
Polythene
Ethene
Plastic bottle
Polypropylene
Propene
Plastic bag
PVC

Monomer & formula
Vinyl chloride
Water pipe
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1. Hard
2. Transparent
3. Water impermeable.
4. Brittle
5. Compress resistance
6. Electrical insulation
7. Heat insulation.
8. Inert to chemical
substance.
Properties
of glass
Type of glass and
composition
Silica
T. 9.5
Type of glass
Special properties
Fused silica
glass
High melting
Point High viscosity
Soda-lime
glass
Low melting
point.
Window glass,
bottle
Borosilicate
glass
Less expand and

contract, High
melting point.
Dishes, Laboratory
Apparatus (boiling
tube, conical flask etc.)
Lead crystal
glass
High density,
Easy to shape,
Glass accessory,
prism
molten silica
fused silicaglass
Freeze
Freeze
(SiO2)
Molten silica + CaCO3
soda-lime glass
+ Na2CO3
Molten silica + B2O3

Borosilicate glass
Freeze
Silica + PbO
Lead crystal glass.
(Sand)
Improvement the quality of
the ceramic for certain
Uses of
purposes:
ceramics:
Explain;
1.
1. Optic fibre
2.
3.
2. Photo chromic glass
3. Ceramic glass.

Usage
Type of glass, special

properties and uses
Glass
GLASS AND
CERAMICS
Ceramic
Ceramic is produced by heating clay

at high temperature. Basic
composition of ceramic is Al, Si, O.
Ceramic cannot be melt repeatedly
like glass.
General properties of ceramic
1. Very hard.
2. High melting and boiling point.
3. Able to extend high pressure.
4. Very good as heat insulation/ electric insulation.
5. Inert toward chemicals.
6. Weak toward extension.
7. Density less then most of metals.
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T. 9.6
Reinforced concrete:
Super conductor
material:
PROJECT:
My composite
material...

Photo chromic
glass:
Compare the properties of

composite material and its
original component:
Examples and
its components
and uses
Definition
Fiber glass:
COMPOSITE
MATERIAL
The future of composite material
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CHAPTER 9: MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

A. SULPHURIC ACID
1. Complete the diagram.
Paint pigment
USES OF
SULPHURIC ACID
Metal cleaning
Producing
Detergent
2. Complete the following equations and conditions involve in the three stages of
Contact Process as shown below.

Stage I: Production of sulphur dioxide
Molten sulphur is burnt in dry air.
............... + ...................
SO2(g)
The gas produced is purified and cooled.

Stage II: Conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide
SO2(g) + ................
................
Optimum conditions:
(i)
Temperature : .................
(ii)
Pressure
: .................
(iii)
Catalyst
: .............................
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Stage III: Production of sulphuric acid

Sulphur trioxide is reacted with concentrated acid to form oleum.
SO3(g)
+ ..................
.....................
The oleum is diluted with water to produce concentrated sulphuric acid in large
quantities.
....................... + H2O (l)
......H2SO4(l)
3. Sulphur dioxide can cause acid rain. Acid rain occurs when pH of the rain is
between 2.4 and 5.0.
Balance the equation below to show the reaction of sulphur dioxide with
rainwater.
....... SO2(g) + O2 (g) + .....H2O(l)
......H2SO4(aq)
4. Explain how sulphuric acid and its byproducts ( sulphur dioxide) cause
environmental pollution.
Environmental
Pollution
Air
Explaination
Water
-The combustion could evolve sulphur dioxide to

cause acid rain.
-Acid rain corrodes buildings and metal structures
-Acid rain flow into lakes and river.
-Lakes and river becomes acidic
-Fish and other aquatic organisms die
Soil

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B. AMMONIA AND ITS SALTS

1.
Fertilisers
e.g. .............................
.............................
Synthetic fibre
USES OF
AMMONIA
Raw material in the

Ostwald Process
2. Properties of Ammonia.,NH3 ....

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Is alkaline
Is a .....................gas
Has a ........................smell
Is ...............dense than air
Is very ....................in water
Gives a ............................ when reacted with hydrogen chloride gas,
HCl.

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3. The diagram below shows the process in manufacturing of ammonia. Complete

the diagram.
Liquid air
Natural gas
React with
steam
Fractional
distillation
Hydrogen
Haber Process
.............. + ....H2 (l)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
..........
Temperature : .........................
Pressure
: .........................
Catalyst
: .........................
Ammonia gas, nitrogen

gas, hydrogen gas
Unreacted N2
and H2 are
recycled
cooled
Liquid ammonia

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4. To prepare ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 fertiliser

Apparatus:
Retort stand and clamp, burrett, conical flask, white tile,

evaporating dish, fiter funnel, Bunsen burner, wire gauze.
Material;
Methyl orange, 2 mol dm-3 ammonia, NH3 solution , 1.0 mol dm-3
sulphuric acid, H2SO4
Sulphuric acid
Ammonium
sulphate solution
Ammonia solution
+ methyl orange
Heat
Based on figure above, describe how you can prepare ammonium

sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 crystals.
List of
apparatus and
materials
Procedure
Observation

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Discussion
C.
ALLOYS
1. What are alloys?
..
..
2. The aim of making alloys:
(i)
..
(ii)
..
(iii)
..
3. The composition, properties and use of alloys:
Alloy
Brass
Composition
Properties
Uses
70% Cu
30% Zn
Bronze
Hard and strong
Do not corrode easily
Duralumin
Body of aeroplane

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Pewter
96% Sn
3% Mg
Steel
Hard and strong
Stainless steel
99% Fe
8% C
Cutlery
Surgical instruments
4. Draw the arrangement of atoms in pure metal and alloy;
Pure metal
alloy
5. Relate the arrangement of atoms in pure metal to its ductile and maleable
properties.
..
.
.
6. Explain why an alloy is harder than its pure metal.
.

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7. Experiment: To compare the hardness of pure metal and its alloy
Weight
Iron ball
Copper block
Referring to the above set-up of the apparatus, design a laboratory experiment to

compare copper and brass based on the hardness property.
Problem Statement:
Are alloys harder than pure metal?
Hypothesis:
All the variables :
Manipulated :
Responding :
Constant
:
List of Apparatus
List of Materials
Procedure:
Tabulation of data:

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D. SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
1. Polymers are large molecules made up of many identical repeating sub-units
called .. which are joined together by covalent bonds.
2. . Is a process whereby monomers are
3. Polymers can either be . or synthetic polymer.
4. List three natural occurring polymers.
(i)
..
(ii)
..
(iii)
.
5. Complete the table below for the the name of monomer and the uses of the given
synthetic polymers.
Synthetic polymer
Monomer
Uses
Nylon
Perspex
Polypropene
Polyvinyl chloride,
PVC
chloroethane
Terylene
6. Synthetic polymer s are non biodegradable. It is important to safely dispose these

Polymers to prevent pollution to the environment. The best way is to recycle
these items.
E. GLASS AND CERAMICS
1. Complete the table below:
Type of glass

Special properties
Uses
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Borosilicate glass
-transparent
-
-laboratory apparatus
-
-High density
-
-lens
-
Fused silica glass
Lead glass
Soda glass
2. State six propertise of ceramics:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
3. List three uses of ceramics

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

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F. COMPOSITE MATERIAL
1. A composite material is a structural material that is formed by combining two or
more difference substances such as metals, ..,
., . and
2. New composite materials formed are usually more improved in quality over its
original components.
3. Complete the table below
Type of composite
material
Components
Special properties
Example/Uses
Fiber glass
Photo chromic
glass
Reinforced concrete
Superconductor
material

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CHAPTER 9: MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Objective Questions:
Knowledge
1. What are the raw materials used for manufacturing sulphuric acid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sulphur and air

Sulphur and water
Sulphur dioxide and air
Sulphur trioxide and water
2. Which of the following is a harmful effect which results from the release of
sulphur dioxide to the atmosphere?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Acid rain
The green house effect
Thinning of the ozone layer
Breeding of algae in rivers and lakes
3.
N2 + 3H2
2NH3
The formation of ammonia according to the equation above is named the
Haber Process
Contact Process
Ostwald Process
Faraday Process
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. Pewter is an alloy material used for making souvenirs and cups. Which of the
following metals is not found in pewter?
A. Tin
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Antimony
5. The parts of the bridge shown in figure 1 are made from alloy Y.
What is alloy Y?
A . Duralumin
B. Bronze

C. Brass
D. Steel
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6. The body of the aeroplane shown in the figure is made of alloy X .
Alloy X
What is alloy X?
A
B
C
D
Pewter
Bass
Bronze
Duralumin
7. Of the following , which is not an advantage of an alloy compared to its pure

metal?
A. stronger
B. shinier
C. withstand corrosion better
D. more malleable
8. Ceramic is suitable than a metal for making the engine blocks of vehicles because
ceramic is.
A.
B.
C.
D.
lighter
harder
cheaper
more heat resistant
9. Which of the following is not a composite material?

A.
B.
C.
D.
Fiber glass
Superconductor
Synthetic polymer
Photochromic glass
10. Which of the following is true about the alloy and its main constituent?
Alloys
Main constituent
A
Duralumin
Aluminium
B
Bronze
Tin
C
Steel
Copper
D
Pewter
Zinc

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Understanding
11. The following chemical equation shows the reaction of the Haber process.
Catalyst X
N2 + 3H2
Temperature Y,
Pressure Z
2NH3
Which of the following represent catalyst X, temperature Y and pressure Z ?

Catalyst X
A
B
C
D
Platinum
Platinum
Iron
Iron
Temperature
Y/ 0 C
900
450
900
450
Pressure Z /
atm
5
1
450
300
12. Which of the the following shows the arrangement of atoms in an alloy?
13. Steel is harder than pure iron because the carbon atoms in steel make
A.
B.
C.
D.
the iron atoms have more empty spaces

the iron atoms remain in their fixed position
the iron atoms become more orderly arranged
the iron atoms less able to slide on one another

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14. Which of the following chemicals can be used to test for the presence of
ammonia?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sulphur dioxide gas

Nitrogen dioxide gas
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Concentrated hydrochloric acid
15. Which of the following is the monomer of polyvinyl chloride?

A.
B.
C.
D.
CH2=CH2
CH2 = CHCl
CHCl= CHCl
CH2 Cl CH2 Cl
16. Polymerization of phenyl-ethene produces.

A.
B.
C.
D.
Teflon
Perspex
Polystyrene
Polyvinyl chloride
17. When a mixture of sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate and silicone dioxide is
heated to a temperature of 1500C, which type of glass is produced?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Soda-lime glass
Borosilicate glass
Fused silica glass
Photochromic glass
18. Which of the following is mixed with glass to produce photochromic glass?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Silver chloride
Lead (II) oxide
Sodium chloride
Aluminium oxide
19. Figure 3 shows a polymerisation process.
Figure 3
Of the following which may be compond X and compound Y?
Compound X
Compound Y
A
Starch
Glucose
B
Ethene
Polythene
C
Polyvinyl chloride
chloroethane
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Amino acid
Glycerol
20. Figure 5 shows the arrangement of atoms in bronze. Which of the following
could be atoms X and Y?
Figure 5
A
B
C
D
Atom X
Copper
Zinc
Tin
Copper
Atom Y
Tin
Copper
Copper
Zinc
Application
21. Which of the following fertilizers contains the highest percentage of nitrogen?
( Relative atomic mass: H, 1, C,12, N,14,O,16,S,32,Cl, 35.5)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Urea, (NH2)2CO
Potassium nitrate, KNO3
Ammonium nitrate, NH4 NO3
Ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2 SO4
22. Of the following mixture of elements, which forms a suitable alloy for making
coins
A. copper and nickel
B. zinc and copper
C. iron and copper
D. copper and stanum
X
23. sulphur sulphur dioxide sulphur trioxide sulphuric acid oleum
Figure 6
Figure 6 shows the stages in the manufacturing of sulphuric acid in The Contact
Process. What is done in stage X?
A. heated strongly
B. dissolves in water
C. compressed under high pressure
D. dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid

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24.
Very transparent
High refractive index
High density
A type of glass has the above characteristics. This glass is suitable for the
manufacture of
I prism
II lense
III pot
IV plate
A
B
C
D
I and II only
III and IV only
I,II and III only
I,II,III and IV
25. Figure 7 shows the structure formula of a molecule

H
N
H
Figure 7
Of the followings, which are the uses of the molecule?
I Manufacture of plastic bag
II Manufacture of dry cell electrolyte
III Manufacture of nitric acid
IV Manufacture of chemical fertiliser
A
B
C
D
II and III only

II and IV only
I,II and III only
II,III and IV only

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Structural Questions:
1.
(a)
Write the chemical equation for the reaction used in

Haber Process for the industrial production of ammonia.
[tuliskan persmaan kimia bagi tindakbalas proses haber di dalam industri
pembuatan ammonia]
[ 2 marks ]
(b)
State the optimum conditions required in the Haber process

[Nyatakan keadaan optimum yang diperlukan di dalam Proses Haber]
[2 marks]
(c )
Ammonia from the haber process can be used to manufacture ammonia

fertilizer, NH4NO3 ,
Ammonia daripada Proses Haber boleh digunakan untuk membuat baja
ammonia
(i)
State one other use of ammonia nitrate.
[Nyatakan satu kegunaan ammonium nitrat]
[ 1 mark ]
(ii)
Complete the chemical equation below for the preparation of

ammonia nitrate fertilizer, NH4NO3 ;
[lengkapkan persamaan kimia di atas untuk penyediaan baja
ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3]
+
NH4NO3 (s)
[ 2 marks ]

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(iii)
The apparatus below is used to make ammonium nitrate solution.

Next to the arrow, draw a diagram of set up of the apparatus used
in the preparation of ammonium nitrate crystals.
[Alat radas di bawah digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan
ammonium nitrat. Disebelah gambar anak panah, lukiskan
susunan alat radas yang digunakan untuk menyediakan kristal
ammonium nitrat]
[ 2 marks ]
(d)
Calculate the percentage content of nitrogen by weight in the

Fertilizer in (c) (iii).
(Relative atomic mass; H, 1;N, 14;O, 16)
[hitungkan peratus kandungan nitrogen berasaskan berat di dalam
baja c (iii) . [jisim atom relatif : ; H, 1;N, 14;O, 16)
[2 marks]

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2. Polymers are long chain molecules made by joining together thousands of smaller
molecules called monomers.
[polimer adalah molekul berantai panjang yang dihasilkan dengan cara
menggabungkan beberapa juta molekul yang dinamakan monomer]
a) Polypropene and polyvinyl chloride are examples of polymers. State the name of
their monomers.
[Poliropene dan polivinil klorida adalah contoh bagi polimer. Nyatakan nama
setiap monomer]
i. Polypropene :_____________________________
[polipropene]
ii. polyvinyl chloride
[polivinil klorida]
[2 marks]
b) Plastic bag used in our daily life is a type of synthetic polymer. State one
advantage and one disadvantage of plastic bag.
[beg plastik yang digunakan di dalam kehidupan seharian kita adalah polimer
sintetik. Nyatakan satu kelebihan dan kelemahan beg plastik]
i. Advantage:
[kelebihan]
ii. Disadvantage:
[kelemahan]
[2 marks]
c) Bronze is an alloy formed from copper and tin.
[Gangsa adalah aloi yang terbentuk daripada kuprum dan timah.]
i. State one aim of alloying
[1 mark]
[nyatakan satu tujuan pengaloian.]
ii. State one use of bronze
[1 mark]
[nyatakan satu kegunaan gangsa]
iii.
iv.
Draw the arrangement of particles in bronze.

[1 mark]
[Lukiskan susunan zarah di dalam gangsa]
Bronze is harder than copper. Explain why.
[1 mark]
[Gangsa lebih keras daripada kuprum. Terangkan mengapa?]
3. Reinforced concrete and photochromic glass are some examples of composite

materials
[Konkrit yang diperkukuhkan dan kaca fotokromik adalah beberapa contoh
bahan komposit,]
a) What is the meaning of composite material?
[apakah maksud bahan komposit]
[2 marks]
b) Name the material used to make reinforced concrete.
[namakan bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat konkit yang diperuuhkan]
[1 mark]

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c) Photochromic glass has a special property that makes it better than glass. State
the special property of photochromic glass.
[kaca fotokromik mempunyai sifat istimewa yang menjadikannya lebih baik
daripada kaca. Nyatakan apakah sifat istimewa kaca fotokromik]
[1 mark]
d) Name the substance that is added to make photochromic glass change colour in
response to sunlight.
[Namakan bahan yang di tambah kepada kaca fotokromik bertukar warna bila
terdedah kepada cahaya matahari]
[1 mark]
e) Give two example of composite materials.
[Berikan 2 contoh bagi bahan komposit]
[2 marks]
f) The use of synthetic polymers extensively in our daily lifes has become an issue
of environmental pollution.
[Penggunaan polimer sintetik secara berlebihan di dalam kehidupan seharian
telah menjadi isu kepada pencemaran alam sekitar]
i.
State two ways in which synthetic polymer can cause pollution to the
environment.
[Nyatakan dua cara bagaimana polimer sintetik boleh menyebabkan
pencemaran alam sekitar]
ii.
[2 marks]
Give one method to overcome the environmental pollution problems
cause by synthetic polymers
[Berikan satu kaedah untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran alam
sekitar yang disebabkan oleh polimer sintetik]
[1 mark]

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ESSAY QUESTION PAPER 2

4. (a) Figure 3.1 shows an industrial preparation of sulphuric acid by the contact
process.
[Gambarajah 3.1 menunjukkan penyediaan asid sulfurik di dalam industri oleh
Proses Sentuh]
Stage I
S
Stage II
SO2
Oxygen
Oxygen
Stage III
SO3
H2S2O7
Concentrated
sulphuric acid
Stage IV
H2SO4
Water
Figure 3.1
Write the chemical equation for the reactions in stage II and IV.
[Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di peringkat II dan IV]
[ 2 marks ]
(b)
Figure 3.2 shows the waste product from a factory which affects the
quality of the environment.
[gambarajah 3.2 menunjukkan sisa pencemaran daripada kilang di mana

memberi kesan terhadap kualiti alam sekitar]

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Figure 3.2
Based on Figure 3.2, describe how the waste product affects the quality of
the environment.
Your description should include the following aspects:
Sulphur
dioxide
gas
Source
Process
Factory
Effect
Building
Toxic
waste
(c )
Sarah could easily bend her bangle which is made of pure metal but
she could not bend her mothers bangle which is made of its alloy
[Sarah senang untuk membengkokkan gelang dimana diperbuat daripada
logam tulen tetapi tidak mudah untuk membengkokkan gelang ibunya yang
diperbuat daripada aloi].
By using one suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to show

the hardness of the alloy compared to its pure metal.
[Dengan menggunakan satu contoh yang sesuai , huraikan satu
eksperimen untuk menunjukkan aloi lebih keras berbanding]
Explain the difference in hardness of the metal and its alloy in term of
atomic arrangement
[terangkan perbezaan kekerasan logam dengan aloi dari segi susunan
atom]
[10 marks]

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5.a) i. State the aim of alloying

[Nyatakan tujuan pengaloian]
ii. Diagram 1 shows an airplane
[gambarajah 1 menunjukkan kapalterbang]
[3 marks]
Explain why duralumin and not pure aluminium is used to build the body of the airplane
[terangkan mengapa duralumin dan bukan aluminium tulen yang digunakan untuk
membina badan kapalterbang]
[7 marks]
b) Diagram 2 shows the three stages of producing sulphuric acid.

[Gambarajah 2 menunjukkan tiga peringkat pembuatan asid sulfurik]
Explain briefly how sulphuric acid is manufactured from sulphur and air.
[Terangkan dengan jelas bagaimana asid sulfurik diperbuat daripada sulfur dan
udara]
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32 | P a g e
[10 marks]
6. Diagram 3 shows a tyre
[Gambarajah 3 menunjukkan tayar]
The tyre made of vulcanised rubber instead of natural rubber

[tayar itu diperbuat daripada getah tervulkan hasil dari getah asli]
i. give two reason why the natural rubber is not used to manufacture tyres [2m]
[berikan dua sebab mengapa getah asli tidak digunakan untuk membuat tayar]
ii. give four advantages of vulcanised rubber over natural rubber [4 marks]
[berikan empat kelebihan getah tervulkan berbanding getah asli]
i. describe an experiment in the laboratory to show how vulcanization of natural
rubber can be carried out
[8 marks]
[huraikan eksperimen di dalam makmal untuk menunjukkan bagaimana
pemvulkanan getah boleh dilakukan]
b) Name three types of glass and give one use of each type in daily life.
[Namakan tiga jenis kaca dan berikan satu kegunaan bagi setiap jenis di dalam
kehidupan seharian]
[6 marks]
7.
Diagram 4 shows a polymerization process whose product is Polymer M.

[gambarajah 4 menunjukkan proses pempolimeran yang mana produknya adalah
polimer M]
a) Based on the information given ,
[Berdasarkan kepada maklumat yang diberi,
i.
Name the monomer
[1 mark]
[namakan monomer tersebut]
ii.
State the type of polymerisation
[1mark]
[Nyatakan jenis pempolimeran tersebut]
iii.
State the name and write the structural formula of polymer M.
[2 marks]
[Nyatakan nama dan tuliskan formula struktur bagi polimer M]
iv.
State the uses and properties of polymerM
[2 marks]
[Nyatakan kegunaan dan sifat polimer M]

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b) Diagram 5 shows products made from two types of rubber

[Gambarajah 5 menunjukkan hasil daripada dua jenis getah.]
Based on the diagram , compare the properties of vulcanised and unvulcanised rubber.
[Berdasarkan kepada gambarajah, bandingkan sifat getah tervulkan dan getah tak
tervulkan]
[6 marks]
Do you know that on average , everyone of us produce 1 kg of rubbish each day?
The improper disposal of synthetic polymers creates major environmental problems.
Adakah anda tahu secara purata setiap individu daripada kita menghasilkan satu kg
sampah setiap hari.pembuangan yang tidak terurus bagi polimer sintetik mencetuskan
masalah besar kepada alam sekitar
c) Based on the above statement , explain how synthetic polymers create environmental
pollution. Suggest two scientific method on how to reduce pollution caused by synthetic
polymers.
[8marks]
[Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas , terangkan bagaimana polimer sintetik mendatangkan
pencemaran alam sekitar.
Cadangkan dua kaedah saintifik bagaimana untuk
mengurangkan masalah pencemaran yang disebabkan oleh polimer]

33
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Essay Question: (Paper 3)

ALLOY
1. You are required to study the hardness of bronze and pure copper. Your
explanation should include the following:
[ Anda diminta untuk mengkaji kekerasan gangsa dan kuprum tulen. Penerangan
anda haruslan mengandungi perkara berikut: ]
(a) Aim of the experiment
[tujuan eksperimen]
(b) All the variables
[semua pembolehubah]
(c) Statement of the hyphotesis
[hipotesis]
(d) List of substances and apparatus
[senarai alat radas dan bahan kimia]
(e) Procedure of the experiment
[kaedah]
(f) Tabulation of the data
[penjadualan data]
[17 marks]

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35

9 Manufacture Substances in Industry

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CHAPTER 9: MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRIES

1. What is the name of

1.Describe Haber Process

1. Define composite material.

Chemistry Module 2009

1. List the different between

1. What is synthetic polymer?

Stage I: - Formation of sulphur dioxide

Chemistry Module 2009

Chemistry Module 2009

Atoms of Pure metal are the same in sizes and are

Chemistry Module 2009

*To increase hardness

A substance form by linking

Chemistry Module 2009

Monomer & formula

Less expand and

Molten silica + B2O3

Chemistry Module 2009

Type of glass, special

Ceramic is produced by heating clay

Chemistry Module 2009

Compare the properties of

The future of composite material

CHAPTER 9: MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Contact Process as shown below.

The gas produced is purified and cooled.

Stage III: Production of sulphuric acid

-The combustion could evolve sulphur dioxide to

Chemistry Module 2009

B. AMMONIA AND ITS SALTS

Raw material in the

2. Properties of Ammonia.,NH3 ....

Chemistry Module 2009

3. The diagram below shows the process in manufacturing of ammonia. Complete

Ammonia gas, nitrogen

Chemistry Module 2009

4. To prepare ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 fertiliser

Retort stand and clamp, burrett, conical flask, white tile,

Based on figure above, describe how you can prepare ammonium

Chemistry Module 2009

Chemistry Module 2009

4. Draw the arrangement of atoms in pure metal and alloy;

Chemistry Module 2009

7. Experiment: To compare the hardness of pure metal and its alloy

Referring to the above set-up of the apparatus, design a laboratory experiment to

Are alloys harder than pure metal?

Chemistry Module 2009

6. Synthetic polymer s are non biodegradable. It is important to safely dispose these

Chemistry Module 2009

Fused silica glass

2. State six propertise of ceramics:

3. List three uses of ceramics

Chemistry Module 2009

Chemistry Module 2009

CHAPTER 9: MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Sulphur and air

Chemistry Module 2009

6. The body of the aeroplane shown in the figure is made of alloy X .

7. Of the following , which is not an advantage of an alloy compared to its pure

9. Which of the following is not a composite material?

Chemistry Module 2009

Which of the following represent catalyst X, temperature Y and pressure Z ?