Itm Unuversity

Department:Mechanical Engineering

Tutorial Sheet No. 4

Issue Date:FEB. 28,20011
Pages : 3

Subject Name : Heat transfer

Subject Code : MEL302
Unit/Title: Non-steady state conduction

Faculty : O.P.Chawla

Semester:
6th
20112011-2

1. A metal rod 20 cm long and 2 cm in diameter is initially at T i. It is then

suspended in a liquid stream having a temperature of T l. The rod cools to Tf in 200
seconds. Estimate average convective heat transfer coefficient, over the surface of
the rod for this time period. Take c = 2.4 x 106 J/m3 K. The convective heat
transfer coefficient is closest to:
(a) 20 Ti - TL
Tf - TL

(b)

40 Ti - TL
Tf - TL

(c)

60 ln Ti - TL (d)
Tf - TL

80 ln Ti - TL
Tf - TL

1. A 10 kg solid at 100 0C with a specific heat of 0.8 KJ/Kg 0C is immersed in 40 Kg

of
20 0C liquid with a specific heat of 4.0 KJ/Kg 0C. Estimate the temperature
after a long time if the container is insulated.
(a)

30 0C

(b)

28 0C

(c)

26 0C and

(d)

24 0C

2. The temperature distribution, at a certain instant of time in a concrete slab

during curing is given by :
T = 3x2 + 3x + 16
Where x is in cm and T in K. The rate of change of temperature with time is given
by :
(a) + .0009 K/s
(b) + .0048 K/s
(c)+ .0012 K/s
(d) + .0018 K/s
Take diffusivity as 0.0003 cm2 /s
3. A rectangular slab is immersed in a liquid. The temperature at any point in the
slab depends on:
(a)
Bi, Fo
(b)

Bi, Fo,

(c)

Fo ,

x
l

x
l

(d)

Bi ,

x
l

where Bi, Fo, x, l are Biot No., Fourier No., distance from the centre line of the slab
and half thickness of the slab.
4. Prove that the temperature of a body at any time during Newtonian heating or
cooling is given by:
t ta
e B F
ti t a
i

where Bi and Fo are the Biot and Fourece Nos. respectively, t a is the ambient
temperature and ti is the initial temperature of the body.
5. The temperature distribution across a concrete slab is given by :
t = 60 50x +12x2 + 20x3 - 15x4
Where t is temperature in 0C and x is distance in meters. The area of the slab is
6m2, conductivity 1.2 W/Mk and coefficient of diffusivity 1.77 x 10-3 m 2 / hr
calculate:
(a) The heat entering and leaving the slab in unit time.
(b) The energy stored in unit time.
(c)The rate of temperature change at both sides of the slab and
(d) The point where the rate of heating or cooling is maximum.
7 A household iron has a surface of 0.05 m 2 and is made of stainless steel with total
weight of 1.4 Kg and 1000W capacity. The heat transfer coefficient on the surface is
14.6 W/m2 0C. The ambient temperature is 30 0C. How long after being turned on
will the iron reach 110 0C if it is initially at the ambient temperature? For steel, =
7820 Kg/m3, K = 40 W/m K and c = 0.44 k J/Kg 0C
8. A steel plate of 20 mm thick heated to 500 0C is exposed to atmosphere at 20 0C.
Find the time interval when the plate will acquire a temperature difference from the
ambient temperature by not more than 29 0C. Take K = 45 W/mK, Cp = 0.5 kJ/m
K, = 8000 kg / m3 and h = 40 W/m2 K
6. A copper constant thermocouple of 0.7 mm diameter is used to measure the
temperature of a gas stream. The convective heat transfer coefficient between the
thermocouple surface and the gas stream is 500 W/m 2K. Estimate the time constant
of the thermocouple. What is time constant after which a steady state reading of
temperature can be recorded? The density, specific heat and conductivity of copper
are 8600 kg/m3, 420 J/kg K and 300 W/mK.
10. What is Biot No.? What is its physical significance?
11. A egg with mean diameter of 40 mm and initially at 20 0C is placed in boiling
water pan for 4 minutes and boiled to the taste of consumers. For how long should
2

a similar egg for the consume should be boiled when taken from refrigerator at 5 0C.
For egg: K = 10 W/mK, = 12300 kg/m3, c = 2 kJ/kg K, h = 100 W/m2K.
12. A mercury thermometer bulb idealized as a sphere of 1 mm radius is used for
measuring the temperature of a fluid whose temperature is varying at a fast rate.
For mercury K = 10 W/mK, = 5 X 10-5 m2/s and h = 10 W/m2K. Specify whether
the thermometer is able to read the temperature faithfully, if the time for
temperature change of the fluid is 3 S. If not, what should be the diameter of a
thermocouple if K = 200 W/m2K, = 120 X 10-5 m2/s and h = 8 W/m2K to read the
temperature of the fluid.
13. .A cylindrical stainless steel ingot having conductivity of 25 W/mK has 10 cm
diameter and 25 cm length. It passes through a heat treatment furnace which is 5 m
in length. The initial ingot temperature is 90 0C, the furnace gas is at 12600C and the
combined radiant and surface coefficient is 100 W/m 2K. Determine the maximum
speed which the ingot moves through the furnace if it must attain 830 0C
temperature. Take coefficient of diffusivity as 0.45X10-5m2/sec.
14. A steel ball bearings of 40 mm diameter and initially at uniform temperature of
6000C are quenched in an oil bath maintained at 50 0C temperature. The heat
transfer coefficient between the ball bearings and the oil is 325 W/m 20C and thermal
properties of the bearings areas: K= 45 W/m0C, = 1.25X 10-5 m2/s. Determine the
time required for the bearings to attain 2250C temperature.
15. A steel plate of thickness 20 mm is heated in a furnace to a temperature of 500 0C
and then exposed to ambient air at a temperature of 20 0C. Determine the time
interval after the expiry of which the steel plate acquires a temperature differing
from the ambient temperature not more than 1%. Take K= 45.5 W/mK, = 7900
kg/m3, Cp = 0.46 kJ/kg K and h = 35 W/m2K.