DESIGN OF STAIR CASE WITH CENTRAL STRINGER BEAM

Project name :Port

Space available for staire case
Vetical distance of floor
width of stair case
Risers
Treads
Live load
Conrete

5.20
3.60

Mwt.
fy

Steel
Nominal cover

1.40
0.16
0.25
4000
20
25000
415
25

mtr
mtr
mtr
N/m2

20
10
10
10

mm
mm
mm
mm

Reinforcement
Main Bars
Anchor bars
Waist slab bars
Strirrups

N/mm

4.40

mm

1400
160
250

mm
mm
mm

m
cbc
st
Effective cover

mm

1.50

3600

Bars Required
Bars Required
Sapcing c/c
Sapcing c/c

2.25

230

2-

10

1.50
stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
90 mm c/c

mm anchore bars
Bottom of waist
10 mm @
250 mm c/c
250
160

stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
180 mm c/c
mid span

1.50
stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
90 mm c/c

L - section

10

mm@

250 mm c/c
1450

2 - 10
10

mm@

10

mm@

90

mm c/c

180 mm c/c
stirrups 2 ldg.

mm

Anchor bars
4

-20

mm

main bars

200
Cross section at mid span
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

GER BEAM

13.33
7
230
30

4
2
250
90

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

Nos.
Nos.
mm
mm

1.45

10 mm @
250 mm c/c
Landing
80
8 mm F @
300 mm c/c

80

mm

#VALUE!
width of stair case
Risers
live load
Conrete
Nominal cover

M-

mtr
mtr
N/m2

25

mm

For HYSD Bars

1 Design Constants:-

st =
cbc =
m

1.40
0.16
4000
20

k=

0.25

Steel
Effective cover

Cocrete M =

230 N/mm2
7
N/mm3
13.33
m*c
=

m*c+st
j=1-k/3
1

R=1/2xc x j x k
0.5

1400 mm
160 mm Treads
fy-

415

30

20

wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm2

x
7
13.33
=
7
+ 230
13.33 x
0.289 /
3
=
7
x 0.904 x 0.289 =

0.289
0.904
0.913

2 Loading on waist slab:80

mm thick
Let the waist slab be
The weight of waist slab on the slope should be multi plied by the factor
R2 +T2
where R=
160 mm and
=

T
160

+
250
2

250

Considered 1 m width of slab.

Self weight
Weight of steps
Laoding of finishing
Live load

250

to get the equivalent weight of hori

1.19

Load per metre horizontal run will be as follows

=
=
=
=

0.08
0.5

x
x

1
0.16

1
1

x 25000 x 1.19
x
1
x 25000
L.S.

Total
The loading on landing will be lasser : however , for simplicity , we will take the same loading th

3 Design of waist slab:the waist slab is supported on central stringer beam . Hence the worst condit
when we considred concentrated live load of
4000 N to act to one side only.
Dead weight
=
2380 + 2000 + 100
Let the width of stringer beam be
=
200 mm
1.40
0.2
Projection of slab beyond the rib of beam
=
2
wL2
4480 x( 0.60 )2
B.M. due to dead load
=
2
wL2
2

B.M. due to U.D. live load

B.M. due to concentreted live load
Max. B.M.
M
Effective depth required

=
=
=

However , keep minimum total depth

Rxb

=
=

2
x(
0.60
)2
2
4000
x
0.60
806
+
2400
3206000
=
60
0.913 x
1000
80
mm . Efective depth
4000

mm
=

80

BM x 1000

Ast =
using

st x j x D

10

mm bars

230
A

spacing of Bars =
A*1000/Ast
However , keep spacing
Distribution reinforcement
=
1.2
using

mm bars

spacing of Bars =
A*1000/Ast
Maimum permissible spacing
However , keep spacing

x
=
=
=
x
=
=
=
=

3206000
0.904

55

280

mm2

3.14xdia2
3.14 x
10
=
4 x100
4
x
x
1000
79
/
280
mm
,
one
bar
per
step
250
80
=
96
mm2
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
=
4 x100
4
x
x
1000
50
/
96
x
8
45
=
360 mm say
300
mm, Maximum

4 Design of stringer beam :The stringer beam will act as T- beam. Flight CD is longest,
Hence we will design the stringer beam CD
Effective span

1.50

0.2
2

2.25

1.45
2

4.38

The loading on stringer beam will be as follows,

asssuming the web to be

=
0.20
=
8480

(a) Weight of rib /m run

(b) Load from waist slab

x
x

200
0.20
1

mm wide and
x 25000 x
x
1.50

200
1.19
Total

mm deep
=
1190
=
12720
=
13910

Assuming partial fixidity at ends,

2
wL2
14000
x
4.38
x 1000
M
=
=
=
26796875
10
10
Taking lever arm
= 0.9 x d , balance depth is given by Eq.
2kcd - D
where bf = flange width of isolated T-Beam
0.45 bf. cbc. Df
M
=
kc
l0
where lo = L=
4.38 m ;b = actual width =
bf
bw,
=
+
l0
and bw
= 0.20
m
+
4
b
4.38
bf
=
+
0.20
=
0.833
m
=
833
4.38
+
4
1.50

Hence,

2d

Also,

Ve

T
T

127.66

833
2

209916

or

0.45

+
2

80
0.289
277.192

x
0.289
0.289
=
=

80

d-

80

2x 0.289 d0.289
=

80

26796875

127.66
202.00

mm

Ve
where tc max =1.8 N/mm2 for m-20 concrete
bw . Tc max
T
wL
14000
x
4.38
= V+ 1.6
Where V
=
=
bw
2
2
T = torsional moment, which will be induced due to live load acting only to one side of step.
2
4000
x
0.60
4.38
x
=
x
1000
=
1575000
N-mm
2
2
4.4
=(
4000
x
0.60
)x
x
1000
=
5250000
N-mm
=

or

=(

Ve

Hence,

Net available d
Ast =
using

4000

0.60

x
2
which ever is more
5250000
1.6
x
200

5250000
30625
200
using

230

BM x 1000
st x j x D

72625
=
x
1.6
20 mm main bars,

10

230

mm bars

20

)x

A
Ast/A

spacing of Bars =

227

1000

5250000

N-mm

72625

mm

10

However, keep total depth

10 mm ring and cover

26796875
0.904
x
2
3.14xdia
=
4 x100
/
=
697
x

25

185

=
=
=

314

185

mm

697

25
mm2

3.14 x
20
4
x
Nos. Say
3

Actual Ast provided

=
4
x
314 = 1256 mm2
Note:- the above reinforcement is for bending requirements only. there will be additional
reinforcement for torsion, as computed later.
Location of N.A. Assuming the N.A. falls within the flange, we have
833
x
n2
=
=
13.33
x
1256 x(
185
n
2
833
x
n2
=
6194718
33484.96
n

2
n
=
7437
40.20
n

n2
+
40.198 n
-7437
=
0

40.198 + (
1616
+
29747
)0.5
n
=

2*1
68.4 mm
n
=
Hence the resultant falls inside the flanges y

=
d-y
=
185
- 22.816 =
162.2
mm
L.A. a
M
26796875
Stress in steel
=
=
=
132
N/mm2
Ast . A
1256
x
162
Corresponding stress in concrete is given by
txn
132
68.4
c =
=
x
=
5.80
N/mm2
m d-n
13.33
185
68.4
5 Design for torsion :As computed earlier, T=
5250000
N-mm
v =
30625 N
and ve =
72625 N
Ve
72625
ve
=
=
=
1.96
N/mm2
bw.d
200
x
185
100 x Ast
100
x
1256
=
= 3.39459 %
hence from table 3.2 tc
bxd
200
x
185
tve
Since
> tc
shear reinforcemnt required
(a) Longitudinal reinforcement:-

M
MT = T
Me1
Ast =

e1

= M + MT

(1+ D/bw)
1.7
26796875
Me1

st x j x D

Where M=
=
+
230

bars of
Hence the provision of
4
Near the column D, take the bars straight up. Provide

5250000

6639706

33436581
x
162.18
20
mm,

26796875
1
+ 230
1.7
33436581
=

2-

896

200

N-mm
mm2

1256
mm2 is
giving
mm bars at the lower face under the
20

(b) Transverse reinforcement:-

Transverse reinforcement will be provided in the form of vertical

Let provide
25
mm clear cover all round
b1
= center to center distence between corner bars in the direction of width
=
200
2
x
25
10
= 140 mm
d1
= center to center distence between corner bars in the direction of depth

2
x
25
10
= 170 mm
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x
10
mm stirrups
using
10
A=
2x
=
2x
bars
4 x100
4
x
T.
Vsv
+
now, Asv =
= sv
or
b1d1sv
2.5d1 sv
5250000
30625
157
=
+
140
x
170
x
230
2.5 x
170 x
230
157 =( 0.9591 +
0.313 )Sv
or
Sv
= 157
/ 1.272
However, the spacing should not exceed the least of x 1, (x1+y1)/4 and 300 mm
20
where x1= short diamension of stirrups
=
140
+
+
10
= 170
y1
=
170
+
20
+
10
= 200
(x1+y1)/4
=( 170
+
200
)/
4
= 92.5 mm
Hence Sv = 123.39 mm is not permissible. Keep Sv
=
90 mm c/c . Incase t
200 mm c/c in the mid span where both transverse shear as well as torsional shear are minimum.
provide 2 10
mm f holding bars. Keep the same setion for other flight.

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

230

250 mm

mtr

N/mm2
mm

mm

ent weight of horizontal plane .

will be as follows.

= 2380 N
= 2000 N
=
100 N
= 4000 N
= 8480 N
e same loading throught.

the worst condition may be

ly.
= 4480 N
=

0.60

mtr

806

N-m

720

N-m

=
=

2400

N-m
N-m

3206
But
available=

80

mm

25

55

mm

x
10
100

x
100

79

mm2

280

mm

50

mm2

523
mm

mm

300

1190
12720
13910

N
N
14000

N say

26.8

10 6

N/m

N-mm

of isolated T-Beam given byEq.

m ;b = actual width =

833

1.50

mm

26796875

0 concrete
=

e side of step.

30625

, keep total depth

230

mm

314

mm2

mm

x
20
100
4

will be additional longitudinal

e the flanges y

= 22.816

<

230

Hence safe

<

Hence safe

= 0.51

mm2

is

mm

N/mm2

6639705.9

O.K.

e lower face under the landing.

e form of vertical stirrups.

ection of width

ection of depth

N-mm

x
10
100

157

mm2

or Sv =

123

mm

Sv

mm
mm

mm c/c . Incase the spacing to

1.50

2.25

230

2-

10

1.50
stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
90 mm c/c

mm anchore bars
Bottom of waist
10 mm @
250 mm c/c
250
160

stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
180 mm c/c
mid span

1.50
stirrups 2 ldg.
10 mm@
90 mm c/c

L - section
10

mm@

250 mm c/c
1450

2 - 10
10

mm@

10

mm@

90

mm c/c

Anchor bars

180 mm c/c
stirrups 2 ldg.

-20

mm

main bars
200
Cross section at mid span

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

mm

1.45

10 mm @
250 mm c/c
Landing
0
8 mm F @
300 mm c/c

80

mm

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

cbc N/mm2
m cbc
kc
jc
Rc

(a) st =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)

Pc (%)
kc
jc
Rc
Pc (%)
kc
jc
Rc
Pc (%)
kc
jc
Rc
Pc (%)

(b) st =
190
N/mm2
(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) st =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

M-15
M-20
M-25
M-30
18.67
13.33
10.98
9.33
5
7
8.5
10
93.33
93.33
93.33
93.33
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
1.214
1.474
1.734
0.714
1
1.214
1.429
0.329
0.329
0.329
0.329
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.732
1.025
1.244
1.464
0.433
0.606
0.736
0.866
0.289
0.289
0.289
0.289
0.904
0.904
0.904
0.904
0.653
0.914
1.11
1.306
0.314
0.44
0.534
0.628
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.916
0.916
0.916
0.914
0.579
0.811
0.985
1.159
0.23
0.322
0.391
0.46

M-35
8.11
11.5
93.33
0.4
0.867
1.994
1.643
0.329
0.89
1.684
0.997
0.289
0.904
1.502
0.722
0.253
0.916
1.332
0.53

M-40
7.18
13
93.33
0.4
0.867
2.254
1.857
0.329
0.89
1.903
1.127
0.289
0.904
1.698
0.816
0.253
0.916
1.506
0.599

Permissible shear stress Table v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As

bd
< 0.15

0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

M-15
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44

Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2

M-20
M-25
M-30
M-35
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.49
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.54
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.51
0.57
0.6
0.62

Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-40
0.2
0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63

Grade of concrete

c.max

table-3.2
Shear stress tc
100As
bd
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24

0.25
0.26

0.27
0.28

0.29
0.3

0.31
0.32

0.33
0.34

0.35
0.36

0.37
0.38

0.39
0.4

0.41
0.42

0.43
0.44

0.45
0.46

0.47
0.48

0.49

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

Reiforcement %

M-20

M-20

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29

0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51

100As
bd
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24

0.27
0.3
0.32

0.35
0.38

0.41
0.44

0.47
0.5

0.55
0.6

0.65
0.7

0.75
0.82
0.88
0.94

1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.41
1.50
1.63
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.13
2.25

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

0.5

0.51
0.52

0.53
0.54

0.55
0.56

0.57
0.58

0.59
0.6

0.61
0.62

0.63
0.64

0.65
0.66

0.67
0.68

0.69
0.7

0.71
0.72

0.73
0.74

0.75
0.76

0.77
0.78

0.79
0.8

0.81
0.82

0.83
0.84

0.85
0.86

0.87
0.88

0.89
0.9

0.91
0.92

0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37

0.93
0.94

0.95
0.96

0.97
0.98
0.99

1.00
1.01

1.02
1.03

1.04
1.05

1.06
1.07

1.08
1.09

1.10
1.11

1.12
1.13

1.14
1.15

1.16
1.17

1.18
1.19

1.20
1.21

1.22
1.23

1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35

0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43

1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78

0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47

1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21

0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-15
M-20
M-25
M-30
M-35
0.6
0.8
0.9
1
1.1

Grade of concreteM-10
bd (N / mm2)
--

Development Length in tension

Grade of
concrete
M 15
M 20
M 25
M 30
M 35
M 40
M 45
M 50

Grade of
concrete

M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

bd

Plain M.S. Bars

(N / mm2)
k d = Ld
0.6
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

58
44
39
35
32
29
27
25

bd

H.Y.S.D. Bars
(N / mm2)
0.96
1.28
1.44
1.6
1.76
1.92
2.08
2.24

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Avera
Bending cbc
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
Direct (cc)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
Kg/m2
Kg/m2
-3.0
300
2.5
250
5.0
500
4.0
400
0.6
7.0
700
5.0
500
0.8
8.5
850
6.0
600
0.9
10.0
1000
8.0
800
1.0
11.5
1150
9.0
900
1.1
13.0
1300
10.0
1000
1.2
14.5
1450
11.0
1100
1.3
16.0
12.0
1.4
1600
1200

ete (IS : 456-2000)

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

M-50
1.4

H.Y.S.D. Bars
k d = Ld

000)

stress in bond (Average) for

tention (N/mm2)
in kg/m2
-60
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

2.0
Modification factore

60
45
40
36
33
30
28
26

1.4
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.0

0.4
0.8
Percentage of tension reinforcement

0.8
einforcement

1.2

1.6

2.4

2.4

2.8