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(ii)
COMPLETELY REVERSED
Combined - Multiaxial Stress Fatigue
IMPORTANT: Unless the student is clear with Multiaxial Static
Stress problem, he / she cannot proceed further comfortably. If
any one ignored static studies, 2/3 of this unit will be a nightmare.
In the completely reversed uniaxial stress fatigue, the criterion
for failure was considered as endurance strength Se at N cycles and
therefore for failure, the amplitude of reverse stress Sa should be
equal to or greater than the endurance strength, which is the principal
stress itself, since it is uniaxial. (Subscript a is for amplitude).
Sa Se
Sa Se/FS(f)
(1)
(1A)
(2)
This is nothing new, since it is similar to the one applied for static
case. The I,s are invariants and are functions of stress components.
Instead of adding suffix a in every component, we can simplify
using it once outside the bracket.
Ia1 = (Sx + Sy + Sz)a
(3)
(3A)
(4A)
(5)
(5A)
(6)
(6A)
or S3a = Se/FS
(7)
(9)
Solution:
The reader should understand that this is a biaxial stress
case.
Sxa1= P/A; Sxa2 = M c/ I;
Sxa = Sxa1 + Sxa2 = 4P/d2 + 32 M/d3
Sxya = Mt c / Ip = 16 Mt/d3
Sya = zero here.
Also stresses connected with z coordinate, Sza, Syza, Szxa = 0.
Therefore, the amplitudes of principal stresses are, as in the
case of static case
S1a, S2a = Sxa/2 [(Sxa/2)2 + (Sxya)2]
(10)
Now using (7), (8), (9) and (10), the problem could be solved, when
the values for all or some of d, P, M and Mt, fatigue strength Se, factor
of safety etc are made available.
Example 2: If in Example 1, d = 50 mm, M = 800 N-m, Mt = 600 Nm, Se = 480 MPa, SY = 720 MPa and factor of safety required = 2,
find the maximum value of P that can be applied safely.
Solution: (N & mm)
Sxa = 4P/502 + 32 x 800 x 103/ 503
= 5.094 x 10-4 P + 65.2 MPa = (62.5 + mP) MPa
where m = 5.094 x 10-4
Sxya = 16 x 600 x 103/ 503 =24.45 MPa
S1a, S2a = (65.25 + mP)/2 [(65.2 + mP)/2)2 + (24.45)2]
Normal Stress Theory:
Failure criterion is
S1a = Se/F.S = 480/2 =240 MPa
For ease of operation, let
(65.2 + mP)/2 = A and (24.45) = B.
Then
A + (A2 + B2) = 240
A2 + B2 = (240 A) 2 = A2 480 A + 2402
480A = 2402 - B2 = 2402 24.452 = 57002
A = 118.75 = (65.2 + mP)/2,
mP = 172.3
P = 338241 N
4
(A)
x 104 N-m. The shaft material has an endurance strength at 107 cycles =
400 MPa. A factor of safety of 1.25 is required. Find the maximum safe
value of W, which can be applied to 107 cycles, using maximum normal
stress theory of failure.
4.
5.
6.
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