Unit

Idioms and Expressions

1. going green
2. open to
3. get the word out

01

Immigration Debate
Vocabulary
1. m
4. o
7. a
10. i
13. h
16. e

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

p
k
f
d
b
n

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

q
j
l
g
c

Idioms and Expressions

1. bread and butter
2. the welcome mat is vanishing
3. take in

B. 1. c

Exploring Content
A. 1 and 3 are FALSE
a) More than one million Americans marched to
demand greater immigrant rights.
b) Christian churches in France are helping illegal
immigrants by providing them with food and
shelter whenever possible and by taking a
leading role in demanding that harsh
immigrant legislation be softened.
B. 1. d

2. d

Summary
1. illegally
3. borders
5. sentiments
7. hostile
9. skilled

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

3. c

welcome mat
blue-collar
takes them in
restrict
immigration

02

Automakers Show Off Green,

Fuel-Efficient Vehicles
Vocabulary
1. f
4. a
7. h
10. j
13. e

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.

d
i
o
b
l

Exploring Content
A. 2 and 3 are FALSE
a) According to Paul Eisenstein, the American
market for large vehicles is still large.
b) Troy Clarke disagrees with critics who say that
General Motors has been slow to develop
alternate-fuel cars, noting that GM will soon
have twenty-four hybrids on the market and is
working hard on an electric car.

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

k
m
c
n
g

2. b

Summary
1. Going green
3. showing off
5. hybrid
7. move away from
9. cargo

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

3. a

opened to
emission
guzzlers
diversify
ridiculous

03

Foreign Aid
Vocabulary
1. d
4. a
7. p
10. c
13. l
16. h

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

g
n
b
o
f
i

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

k
q
m
e
j

Idioms and Expressions

1. a brighter picture
2. lined their own pockets
3. produced mixed results
Exploring Content
A. Intended Benefits of Foreign Aid
A poor nation can eventually become a donor
(eg. South Korea)
An overall global reduction of poverty
Wealthy nations will end agricultural export
subsidies on cotton by next year
Helps encourage economic growth
Helps education and health sectors

Answer Key

Problems of Foreign Aid

Encourages wrong economic policies (that can
make countries dependent on aid)
Strengthens the role of corrupt or incompetent
officials
Disadvantages the rural population
Countries can become too dependent on aid
B. 1. d
4. b

2. a
5. e

3. c

Summary
1. substantial
2.
3. priority
4.
5. incompetent
6.
7. ineffectively
8.
9. brighter picture 10.

mixed results
infrastructure
donor
rural
expenditure

Safe Water
Vocabulary
1. h
4. a
7. b
10. g
13. d
16. f

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

e
k
c
o
j
l

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

n
q
p
i
m

Idioms and Expressions

1. point out
2. To this end
3. so-called
Exploring Content
A. 1. Susan Murcott believes that part of the answer
for providing water to poor countries is new
technologies to increase water efficiency.
2. Erik Peterson says that in many places water is
a transboundary issue.
3. Claudia Sadoff distinguishes between physical
scarcity and economic scarcity.
4. David McAlary reports that the goal of
sufficient safe water remains elusive as world
population grows.
B 1. d

Summary
1. marked
3. sanitation

Answer Key

Unit

6. basins
8. decentralized
10. sporadically

05

World Population Growth

Vocabulary
1. k
4. n
7. c
10. d
13. h
16. o

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

i
p
f
m
l
e

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

a
b
q
g
j

Idioms and Expressions

1. talked up
2. spells disaster/spelled disaster
3. a jump from

04

Unit

5. point out
7. daunting
9. portable

2. b

3. a

2. plight
4. abundant

Exploring Content
A. Benefits of Urbanization
Can generate a larger workforce
Creates a bigger consumer base
Propels economic growth
Better education: schools, universities
Better medical care
Drawbacks to Urbanization
Depopulation of farms: no one to work the land
Higher crime rate
Greater chance of spread of disease
Competing for homes and/or overcrowding
Slum conditions due to overcrowding
Higher competition for jobs; unemployment
problems
B. 1. nation

3. goal
5. success

2. concerned
4. prevalent

Summary
1. trends
3. industrialized
5. shrink
7. surge
9. urbanization

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

spell disaster
contraception
alternative
empowerment
epidemics

Unit

Exploring Content
A. 1 and 3 are FALSE
a) Egypts pro-democracy movement is not
entirely youth-based, although the youth are
the heart of the movement.
b) Voter turnout in Egypts latest elections was
low.

06

Charting Kosovos
Independence
Vocabulary
1. j
4. a
7. f
10. i
13. k

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.

h
d
n
e
g

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

l
c
m
o
b

Idioms and Expressions

1. tinderbox
2. track record
3. state of limbo
Exploring Content
A. 1. block Kosovos admittance to the United
Nations.
2. a call for further delay.
3. going to war over Kosovo.
4. a great job in Kosovo or in Serbia.
B. 1. blocked
3. status quo
5. fissure

2. scale back
4. contend

Summary
1. campaign
3. restive
5. contentious
7. veto
9. allies

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

state of limbo
ethnic
exacerbate
resolution
stabilize

07

Egypt: Youth and Democracy

Vocabulary
1. e
4. a
7. q
10. c
13. l
16. i

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

g
o
b
m
d
f

Idioms and Expressions

1. the heart
2. ripple effect
3. losing steam

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

k
h
n
p
j

B. 1. rapidly
3. major
5. idling

2. protesters
4. unemployment

Summary
1. unemployment
2.
3. spearhead
4.
5. the heart of
6.
7. apathy/disillusionment 8.
9. lost steam
10.

Unit

hard-liner
youth-based
disillusionment/apathy
emigrate
ripple effect

08

New Europe Goes Global

Vocabulary
1. g
4. p
7. b
10. f
13. i
16. l

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

q
n
h
o
d
k

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

a
j
e
c
m

Idioms and Expressions

1. Iron Curtain
2. making inroads
3. Captains of industry
Exploring Content
A. 1. The economies of Central and Eastern Europe
are growing more rapidly than those of
Western Europe.
While the average annual economic growth
rate in Western Europe has remained at
around two percent in recent years, many
emerging European economies have been
advancing at least twice as fast.
2. Central European companies are increasing
their foreign investments.
There has been a significant upsurge in
annual direct foreign investments made by
Central European companies in the last
several years.

Answer Key

3. The economies of countries in Central Europe

are becoming more capitalistic.
Many analysts agree that the countries of
Central Europe have successfully mastered
much of the difficult transition from a
command economy to a freemarket economy.
4. Central European economies are still not as
capitalistic as the economy of the U.S.
Economist Thomas Blutt Laursen of the World
Bank adds that new Europe is still far from
acquiring all of the trappings of developed
capitalism.
B. 1. advancing 2. sharpening
3. setting up 4. know-how
5. critical

Summary
1. Iron Curtain
2.
3. to tackle
4.
5. captains of industry 6.
7. prowess
8.
9. make inroads
10.

honing
billionaire
accession
eyeing
emerging

09

Unit

Africa: Poverty, Politics, and

Disease
Vocabulary
1. q
4. m
7. d
10. b
13. h
16. l

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

k
a
p
j
n
e

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

i
o
g
f
c

Idioms and Expressions

1. Time after time
2. stamp out
3. Armed conflict
Exploring Content
A. 1 and 3 are FALSE
a) The polio virus spread from Nigeria to Chad to
Sudan.
b) The first major outbreak of AIDS in Africa
occurred in Uganda.
B. 1. c
4. b

Answer Key

2. f
5. a

3. e
6. d

Summary
1. poverty
3. vaccine
5. rebounded
7. stamp out
9. immunization

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

eradicate
sterility
vulnerable
volatility
armed conflict

10

China Waiting for Democracy

Vocabulary
1. e
4. o
7. q
10. m
13. d
16. k

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

i
p
l
f
j
n

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

a
c
b
h
g

Idioms and Expressions

1. reap the benefits
2. loosened . . . grip
3. Fueled by
Exploring Content
A. 1. Western countries have long assumed that
economic prosperity in China would be
followed by political change.
When Deng announced his economic reforms,
the standard view in the West was that China
was quickly going to become a different,
democratic kind of country.
2. Authoritarian governments have learned that
they can provide economic prosperity without
losing their power.
What a lot of autocrats have figured out is that
prosperity can be a substitute for freedom and
democracy, and that the big threat to them is
not promoting economic growth, promoting
good health care, having reasonably good
literacy rates, because all of those things are
beneficial to productivity.
OR:
It is very cheap to suppress those freedoms
while promoting economic progress, so that
people are fed and happy and dont worry so
much about turning their governments out of
power.
3. Economic growth can lead to democracy.
Rapid economic growth is producing two
things: enormous social strain and instability
that will build up pressure for reform; and
secondly, economic growth is creating the right

conditions---a middle class, private property

and interconnectedness with the international
community --- that will, in the long-run, be
good for democracy.
4. China will likely become a democracy one day.
Many critics and defenders of the role Western
business interests play in China agree that the
countrys eventual democratization is
inevitable.
B. 1. c

2. b

Summary
1. liberalization
3. robust
5. reap the benefits
7. fueled by
9. monopoly

Unit

3. a

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

analysts
authoritarian
inevitable
diminishing
meritocracy

Historic Annual Cape Town

Minstrel Carnival Continues
Despite Challenges
2.
5.
8.
11.
14.

k
o
e
c
f

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

d
a
b
g
i

Idioms and Expressions

1. pillar of
2. took to the streets
3. politically correct

2. b

mimic
take to the streets
troupes
rival
politically correct

12

Vocabulary
1. g
4. o
7. e
10. f
13. a
16. b

3. c

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

p
c
k
n
q
m

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

d
i
j
h
l

Idioms and Expressions

1. frowned on
2. caught up with
3. marital status
Exploring Content
A. 2 and 3 are FALSE
1. Peter Fagan says that suspension of the
marriage tax penalty does not really benefit the
poor.
2. Peter Francese contends that the growing
economic power of women is a major cause of
household change.
B. 1. c

Exploring Content
A. 1. (The festival) . . . dates back to the mid 1800s
when white American minstrels visited the Cape
with black-painted faces and banjos.
2. Today, the historical roots of the Carnival are all
but forgotten.
3. With tourism quickly becoming a pillar of the
local community, city officials talk about turning
the Minstrel Carnival into a celebration that
will rival festivals in New Orleans and Rio de
Janeiro.
4. The tourist is not relevant where we are concerned
as they just come and watch.
B. 1. d

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

Americas Changing Family

11

Vocabulary
1. n
4. h
7. l
10. m
13. j

Summary
1. Minstrel
3. thrives
5. a pillar of
7. parasols
9. segregation

2. b

Summary
1. comprised
3. households
5. cohabitate
7. frowned on
9. correlation

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

3. d

census
norm
levies
advocacy
marital status

13

Populations Aging Worldwide

Vocabulary
1. g
4. h
7. o
10. d

2.
5.
8.
11.

k
a
c
p

3.
6.
9.
12.

q
b
e
f
Answer Key

13. j
16. l

14. i
17. n

15. m

Idioms and Expressions

1. pay scale
2. life expectancy
3. on the rise
Exploring Content
A. 1. The number of people over 65 is going to
increase greatly by the year 2100.
According to United Nations projections, that
segment of the worlds population will triple by
the end of the century.
2. Increased life expectancy is a sign of success.
Demographers generally agree that population
aging represents a success story, with
increasing numbers of people worldwide
enjoying longer lives.
3. In the U.S., a tax increase might be necessary
to help support the aging population.
Many analysts say that unless benefits are cut,
taxes to pay for pensions and health care may
have to double in the next few decades.
4. At present, the system of government in China
can only provide for the retirement of a
fraction of its total number of workers.
Chinas current government pension system
barely covers a fifth of the countrys workforce.
B. 1. c
3. d

B. 3 and 4 are TRUE

Summary
1. virtually
3. predators
5. foolproof
7. vigilant
9. promote

Unit
2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

life expectancy
segment
implications
pensions
consequences

14

Safety for Kids on the Net

Vocabulary
1. h
4. m
7. e
10. p
13. c
16. j

Exploring Content
A. 1. Casey Walker says Nebraska schools have a
good Internet filter system but its definitely
not foolproof.
2. Nebraska Attorney General Jon Bruning says
schools are discouraging students from
meeting people on the Internet.
3. Jackie Cuttlers says that teachers and parents
need to be more vigilant in monitoring
childrens use of the Internet.
4. The National Center for Missing and Exploited
Children reports that one in five kids online
has been sexually solicited or enticed.
5. Jim Teicher advises parents to do a Google
search on their child.

2. a
4. b

Summary
1. aging
3. century
5. triple
7. cut
9. fertility

Unit

Idioms and Expressions

1. have followed the lead
2. K through 12
3. spread the word

Answer Key

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

b
i
n
l
k
o

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

q
a
g
d
f

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

safeguards
filters
following the lead
solicited
skepticism

15

Indian Tradition and the

Internet
Vocabulary
1. f
4. a
7. c
10. b
13. o
16. l

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

p
q
e
g
i
m

Idioms and Expressions

1. broke with tradition
2. shut their eyes to
3. leaps and bounds

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

j
h
n
d
k

Exploring Content
A. a. It was easy for Neema Kapurs daughter to ask
her to find her a suitable partner because
parents have helped children find matches
since time immemorial.
b. Online marriage brokering is gaining
popularity because newspapers cannot match
its simplicity/have become outdated /most
people use computers. (Any other suitable
answer)
c. It is no surprise that matchmaking websites
have grown quickly in size and popularity since
matchmaking is an established feature of the
culture.
d. By creating sites for divorced people or older
singles or widowed people these websites are
breaking with conservative matchmaking
tradition.
e. Online matrimonial services are generally
restricted to towns and cities because there are
few or no computers in rural areas/only 40
million Indians have access to computers.
B. 1. b

2. d

Summary
1. breaking with tradition
3. eligible
5. popular
7. locate
9. modernization

Unit

3. a

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

matchmaking
leaps and bounds
multicultural
constraints
custom

16

Health Care in India

Vocabulary
1. n
4. k
7. f
10. e
13. i
16. l

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

g
j
p
q
m
o

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

d
a
c
b
h

Idioms and Expressions

1. on par
2. top-of-the-line
3. state-of-the-art

2. About 66 percent of Indias population lives in

villages.
OR About 33 percent of Indias population
lives in cities and towns.
B. 1. a

2. d

Summary
1. state-of-the-art 2.
3. flock
4.
5. perpetually
6.
7. quacks
8.
9. top-of-the-line 10.

Unit

3. b
on par
serpentine
booming
malpractice
budding

17

Bio-fuels: An Alternative to
Gasoline
Vocabulary
1. m
4. a
7. b
10. c
13. k
16. o

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

g
h
d
n
p
i

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

j
q
e
f
l

Idioms and Expressions

1. cost effective
2. to the tune of
3. in charge
Exploring Content
A. 2 and 3 are FALSE
1. Scientists can extract more ethanol from
Switchgrass than they can from corn stover.
2. Bio-fuels can be used in about one-third of the
U.S. fuel supply without causing substantial
environmental harm.
B. 1. a

2. d

Summary
1. ethanol
3. residuals
5. organic
7. cobs
9. biodegradable

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

3. c

plant
discards
stalks
to the tune of
cost effective

Exploring Content
A. 1 and 3 are FALSE
1. It is expensive for Indian citizens to go to big
public hospitals.

Answer Key

Unit

13. i
16. d

18

14. c
17. n

15. h

Researchers Identify New

Targets to Disrupt HIV
Lifecycle

Idioms and Expressions

1. off limits
2. at large
3. open . . . mind

Vocabulary
1. b
4. e
7. k
10. i
13. f

Exploring Content
A. 1. Mark Plotkins teachers have mostly been
shamans or tribal healers.
2. Plotkin promised Jaguar Shaman he would
collect and document the hundreds of plants
used by the medicine man.
3. Plotkin directs a non-profit group called The
Amazon Conservation Team.
4. Plotkins group runs a program that
encourages young people to study with elder
shamans and learn their ways.
5. Plotkins group also helps map millions of
hectares of ancestral rainforest.

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.

g
o
d
h
j

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

m
a
n
c
l

Idioms and Expressions

1. key
2. screen
3. leave no stone unturned
Exploring Content
A. Numbers 1 and 4 are FALSE.
1. Researchers know of 273 human proteins that
are essential to HIV reproduction.
2. Stephen Elledge and his colleagues used RNA
interference to screen more than 20,000
human proteins.
B. 1. Increases number of known human proteins
essential to HIV reproduction.
2. It provides more targets for drugs that could
inhibit the HIV virus.
3. It might not be useful for treating patients with
HIV.
4. New treatments could have side-effects.

Summary
1. proteins
3. epidemic
5. virus
7. infects
9. code

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

key
circumvent
sophisticated
hijacks
reproduce

19

Answer Key

2.
5.
8.
11.

g
j
b
a

Summary
1. ethnobotanist
3. fieldwork
5. document
7. humility
9. missionaries

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

indigenous
mentor
venom
opened his mind
at large

20

Prescription Sleep Aids

Vocabulary
1. l
4. o
7. b
10. d
13. k
16. h

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

e
f
a
i
q
m

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

j
c
p
n
g

Idioms and Expressions

1. rushing out
2. 24/7
3. side effects

Hero of the Planet

Vocabulary
1. m
4. k
7. p
10. l

B. 2 and 3 are TRUE

3.
6.
9.
12.

o
e
f
q

Exploring Content
A. 1. According to Russell Rosenberg, people
sometimes suffer from insomnia just because
they are living in the modern world.
2. The number of Americans getting prescription
sleep aids has gone up nearly 60 percent over
the past five years.

3. CBT tries to change the way a patient thinks,

feels, and acts about sleep.
4. CBT does not yield immediate results, and in
many parts of the US it is unavailable.
5. Last year, drug companies spent more than
$300 million on ads for prescription sleep aids.
B. 1. directs
3. short-term
5. sign on

Summary
1. insomnia
3. chronic
5. prescriptions
7. amnesia
9. yielded

Unit

2. squeeze in
4. cure

Unit
2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

conducted
rushing out
side effects
psychotherapy
unveiled

21

Writers Demand China

Release Imprisoned Writers
Vocabulary
1. e
4. i
7. b
10. f
13. h

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.

Summary
1. live up to
3. detained
5. censoring
7. shame
9. pressuring

a
m
d
c
j

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

o
g
n
k
l

Idioms and Expressions

1. top priority
2. spotlight
3. live up to
Exploring Content
A. 1. Larry Siems, the head of PENs international
program, says the group is not calling for a
boycott of the Olympics.
2. For Chinese writers freedom in politics is not
the priority, the freedom to write is our
priority.
3. He spent almost a decade living underground
after one of his novels provoked violence in
some Muslim nations and a fatwa calling for
his death.
4. PEN has a long history of getting writers out of
jail in very oppressive regimes because the
government was ashamed of the spotlight.

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

petition
regime
boycott
spotlight
top priority

22

Women: Their Unique Beauty

Vocabulary
1. e
4. k
7. o
10. q
13. p
16. i

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

m
d
b
c
f
l

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

h
a
g
j
n

Idioms and Expressions

1. went to extreme measures
2. nose job
3. role models
Exploring Content
A. 1. Eve Ensler says that wherever she goes, she
finds there is an image of beauty that women
feel compelled to conform to.
2. According to Ensler, the global reach of
Western media is changing the concept of
whats beautiful.
3. Nancy Etcoff claims that half of U.S. seventhgrade girls dont like the way they look.
4. Dominique Dawes says research shows that
between 50 and 70 percent of young girls who
think they are overweight really arent.
5. Etcoff and Ensler agree that the concept of
beauty starts in the family.
B. 1 and 4 are TRUE

Summary
1. commercial
3. portrays
5. compelling
7. self-esteem
9. obsessed

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

alter
concepts
extreme measures
role models
unattainable

B. Mr. Siems would agree with numbers 2 and 4.

Answer Key

23

Unit

Martin Scorsese Provides

Unblinking Look at Americas
Mean Streets
Vocabulary
1. l
4. e
7. m
10. f
13. d

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.

h
o
c
b
k

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

g
a
n
i
j

Exploring Content
A. 1. best movie about boxing ever.
2. kept him from sports or other activities.
3. turned out to be his true calling.
4. changed the kind of movies he made.
2. b

Summary
1. gritty
3. asthma
5. seminary
7. authenticity
9. critical

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

3. a

street
devout
calling
define
absurd

Korean Pop Culture

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

e
a
l
h
q
o

Idioms and Expressions

1. cult status
2. is cashing in/cashed in
3. clocked up

10

Answer Key

2. stress
4. profited

Unit

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

clocked up
cosmetics
idols
wave
inaugurated

25

Video Games
Vocabulary
1. d
4. e
7. b
10. p
13. c
16. h

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.

n
g
f
j
o
m

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

k
a
i
q
l

Idioms and Expressions

1. wish list
2. cardinal rule
3. turning point

24

Vocabulary
1. k
4. i
7. b
10. g
13. c
16. m

B. 1. glossy
3. achieved
5. launched

Summary
1. hot
3. craze
5. byword
7. coined
9. overshadowed

Idioms and Expressions

1. defined
2. No doubt about
3. street

B. 1. d

Exploring Content
A. 1 and 4 are FALSE
1. South Korea has been exporting movies and TV
dramas since the late 1990s.
2. Shim Doo-bo says Korea has not been slow to
cash in on the craze.
OR
Shim Doo-bo says Korea has been quick to
cash in on the craze.

3.
6.
9.
12.
15.

p
n
d
j
f

Exploring Content
A. 1 and 3 are FALSE
1. According to video game expert Aaron Ruby,
Sonys PlayStation in 1995 began the modern
age of video games.
3. In the making of a new video game, artists tend
to out-number programmers.
B. 1. c

2. d

Summary
1. evolved
3. relatively
5. innovation
7. turning point
9. wish lists

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.

3. a
viable
collaborative
founder
top
notion