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Cereal Fodders
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Legume Fodders
1. Cowpea / Lobia - Thattaipayuru / Karamani
It is an annual crop.
This crop is grown in tropics, sub-tropics and warm temperature regions.
It is grown for feeding in green form, for hay making or for ensiling in mixtures with sorghum or maize.
It can be grown during kharif, Rabi and summer seasons.
It is suitable for year round cultivation.
Varieties include Co 5, Russian giant, EC 4216, UPC - 287 and local varieties.
Recommended seed rate - 40 kg/ha.
Harvest 50-55 days after sowing (50% flowering stage).
Variety Co 5 is suitable for growing under irrigated conditions (June - July).
Particulars of the variety Co 5:
Green fodder yield t/ha--18 to 20
Dry matter content (%)--14.64
Crude protein content (%)--20.00
Plant height (cm)--- 93.00
No. of branches---- 2-3
No. of leaves----12
Leaf length (cm)12.1
Leaf width (cm)---8.2
Leaf stem ratio8.3
Plant Habit-- Semi spreading
Plant typeIndeterminate
2. Desmanthus- Hedge lucerne / Velimasal
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Cereal Fodders
1. Fodder maize Makkacholam
Maize is an annual crop.
It is grown on a variety of soils, but well drained fertile soils are best suited.
Maize is mostly grown as KHARIF crop i.e. sowing in June - July. In south India it makes best growth in RABI and also in
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SUMMER.
It can be grown throughout the year with irrigation facility.
African tall, Vijay composite, Moti composite, Ganga - 5 and Jawahar are some important fodder varieties.
Maintain a seed rate of 40 kg/ha and dibble one seed to a spacing of 15cm between the seeds in the row which are 30 cm apart.
The average green fodder yield is 40-50 t/ha and the dry matter yield is 10-15 t/ha.
Staggered sowing is recommended for supply of green fodder for a long period.
Harvest the crop when the cob is in the milky stage.
2. Fodder sorghum - Cholam / Jowar
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Grass Fodders
1. Hybrid Napier - Cumbu Napier Ottupull / Bajra Napier Hybrid:
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HN grass can be intercropped with Desmanthus at 3:1 ratio and can be harvested together and fed to the animals.
2. Guinea grass
It is a tall (1-4.5 m), tufted and fast growing highly palatable perennial grass.
It has short creeping rhizome.
Establishes readily by seed or plantation of rooted slips.
Crude protein ranges from 4 to 14%.
Hamil, PPG -14, Makuni, Rivers-dale are some of the varieties.
Co1 and Co 2 are varieties of guinea grass released by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.
Suitable for all types of soil with good drainage.
Does not come up well on heavy clay soil or flooded or waterlogged conditions.
Seed Rate: Seed 2.5 kg/ha , Slips 66,000 nos./ha
Spacing: 50 x 30 cm.
First cut 75- 80 days after germination or 45 days after planting of slips. Subsequent cuts at intervals of 45 days.
Green fodder yield is 175 tonnes /ha per year in 8 cuts.
Guinea grass can be intercropped with Hedge Lucerne (Velimasal) at 3:1 ratio and can be harvested together and fed to
the animals.
3. Para Grass - Neerpull / Thanneerpull / Erumai pull:
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Cenchrus cilliaris (Anjan grass) and C. setigerus (Black anjan grass) are the two commonly grown species but low
yielding in nature.
C. glaucus is yet another type found to grow well in dry land areas but superior than the other species.
Well drained soil with high calcium content is suitable.
Seed required is 6-8 kg/ha.
First harvest on 70th or 75th days after sowing and subsequently 4-6 cuts depending on growth.
A pure crop yields 40 t/ha/year in 4-6 cuts.
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Tree fodders
1. Subabul - Soundal (Koobabul)
2. Glyricidia
3. Sesbania - Agathi
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The leaves of Sesbania trees are highly palatable and well liked by goats.
The protein content in this is about 25%.
Grown throughout the year under irrigation.
Comes up in soils with good drainage.
Seed rate is 7.5 kg /ha, sow the seeds at a spacing of 100 cm x 100 cm (100 cm between ridges and 100 cm between plants within the
ridge).
First cut after 8 months and subsequent harvests at an interval of 60-80 days.
Green fodder yield of 100 tonnes per year is obtained from one hectare.
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