Detailed Lesson Plan in Science for Grade VIII

Prepared By: Raslia P. Ronda

I.

II.

III.

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the Grade VIII students will be able to:
a. Differentiate the processes involved in Digestive System.
b. Trace the flow of food as it is being digested.
c. Appreciate the importance of Digestion.
Learning Content:
A. Topic:
Digestive System
B. References:
1. Textbooks: Mariano, Jan Jason. (2012) Science Links II (Biology). Sampaloc,
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Learners Module: Campo, Pia, et.al (2013) Science Grade 8 Learners Module.
Pasis City: Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
C. Instructional Materials:
Visual aids (Picture of Human Digestive System), Scrambled words,
Strip words, and Choey choco.
D. Science Ideas:
a. Human digestive system is a series of organs that converts food into essential
nutrients that are absorbed into the body and moves the unused materials out of
the body.
b. There are five processes involved in Digestive System. These are the Ingestion,
Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, and Excretion. Ingestion is the process of
taking food into mouth. Digestion is the process of breaking down food by
mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can
be used by the body. Absorption is the process of absorbing nutrients into your
bloodstream. Assimilation is the process of nutrients becoming part of the
tissues of the body. Excretion is the process of discarding wastes from your
body.
Learning Strategies

Teachers Activity
A. Preparatory Activity:

Students Activity

1. Prayer
Everybody, please stand for the
prayer.
Take your seats.
2. Greetings

(The students will stand and pray)

(The students will sit down)

Good afternoon class!

How are you doing?

Good Afternoon Maam Ras!

Were doing fine Maam.

3. Checking of Attendance
Im glad to hear that. Who are absent
today?

Nobody is absent today!

Very good!
4. Recapitulation
What was our topic yesterday?

Our topic yesterday was

B. Motivation
(The teacher will give each student a choey
choco and the students will eat it slowly.)
What do you think happen to chocolate
when you ate it?

The chocolate broken down into small

pieces.

Thats right! When you ate the chocolate,

it breaks down into pieces and will be
digested into the stomach.
So, what do you think is our topic today?
Thats right! Lets have an activity.
Pre-Lab Activity:
(The teacher will post drawing of human
digestive system on the board. The students
will work with two groups. The teacher
will give each group a small envelope with
the name of different parts of the digestive
system. The teacher will blow a whistle for
the teams to open their envelope and race
to arrange the scramble word: Mouth,
Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine,

Our topic today will be digestive system.

Large Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder,

Pancreas, Rectum, and Anus. After theyve
arranged it, the students will label the
human digestive system using the words
theyve arranged. )
Laboratory Proper:
Post-Lab Activity:

(The students will perform the activity.)

Mouth Maam.

1. Process:
What is the first organ involved in
Digestive System?
Thats right! What process is involved
when you put the food in your mouth?

Ingestion Maam.
Ingestion is the process of the food
entering the mouth.
The digestion begins in the Mouth.

What is ingestion?
Very good! Where do you think
digestion begins?
Yes. Digestion begins in the mouth
specifically in the oral cavity. What is
digestion?
Yes. Digestion is simply the breakdown
of food into smaller components. There
are two forms of digestion. What are the
two forms of digestion?

Digestion is the process of breaking down

of food into smaller component.

The two forms of Digestion are

Mechanical digestion and Chemical
digestion.
Mechanical Digestion is the process of
breaking down of food.

Thats right! What is Mechanical

Digestion?
Yes. Mechanical digestion is simply the
breaking down of food into progressively
smaller and smaller particles through
tearing, cutting, grinding, and the moving
of food along the digestive tract. What is
Chemical Digestion?
Very good! Chemical digestion is the

Chemical digestion is the process of

converting food into substances.

process where food is converted to

substances usable by the body. Substances
called enzymes speed up this process.
Your oral cavity receives the food and
begins the preparation of food for
digestion. Food is torn and ground into
smaller pieces through chewing. Tongue
moves the food around your oral cavity so
that all food can be ground up. Food is
now a wet and become a bolus. Where do
you think bolus will go after the mouth?

The bolus will go to esophagus.

Thats right! The bolus will push into the

pharynx with the aid of your tongue.
Tongue cannot push food all the way
down to the stomach. And the bolus is
moved further downward by rhythmic,
muscular contractions of the Pharynx,
known as Peristalsis.

Esophagus is a long flexible-tube like

structure.

What is esophagus?

The next stop is the stomach Maam.

Very good! Esophagus is where the

bolus passes through to go to the stomach.
Its important function is to carry food,
liquids, and saliva from the mouth to the
stomach. Wheres the next stop of bolus?
Yes. The bolus continues its journey to
this J shaped expanded bag called the
Stomach. What is the function of
Stomach?
Thats right! The stomach is the main
food storage tank of the body. It also
secretes a mixture of acid, mucus, and
digestive enzymes that helps to digest and
sanitize our food while it is being stored.
This organ is filled with gastric juices and
mucus. What is gastric juice?
Yes. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks
down the proteins found in food. The

The function of the stomach is to digest

further the bolus.

Gastric juice is an acidic substance

composed mainly of pepsin.

The next stop is the small intestine.

stomach makes a churning action by way

of muscle contractions. This action
increases the effectiveness of gastric
juices. In the stomach bolus become
semiliquid, creamy, homogeneous
substance called chyme. Where does
chymes next stop?
Very good! Chyme leaves the bottom of
the stomach through the pyloric sphincter
and travels a short way to the small
intestine. There are two processes
involved in the small intestine. What are
these?
Very good! What is Absorption?

The two processes involved in the small

intestine are Absorption and Assimilation.
Absorption is the uptake of fluids or other
substances by the tissues of the body.

Assimilation is the process of uptake of

nutrients into cells and tissues
The main function of small intestine is to
absorb the nutrients and minerals.

Yes. Absorption is the process of the food

molecules being absorbed into the blood
stream. What is Assimilation?
Thats right! Assimilation is the process
by which chemicals from food are taken
into the cells. What is the main function of
small intestine?
Very good! The small intestine breaks
down the food mixture even more so your
body can absorb all the vitamins, minerals,
proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. In the
small intestine digestion continues.
Wheres next stop of chyme after small
intestine?
Yes. What will happen to the chyme in
large intestine?
Thats right! Nutrients not absorbed in
small intestines are absorbed in the large
intestine as is some of the water. It also
serves as the storage and elimination
structure for indigestible substances. Still

The next stop is the large intestine.

The large intestine will reabsorb the water
from the chyme.

Feces is the left over solid bits of waste.

The feces will go to rectum.

The main function of rectum is to act as a

temporary storage site for fecal matter

in the form of chyme when it enters, but in

the colon, chyme is converted into feces.
What is feces?

before it is eliminated.
In the anus or anus canal.

Very good! Where does feces go after?

Yes. When the descending colon becomes
full of feces, it empties its contents into the
rectum to begin the process of elimination.
What is the main function of rectum?

Excretion is the process of discarding the

waste from your body.
Yes Maam.

Thats right! Where does feces pass

through to be eliminated?
Yes. Feces will be eliminated through
your anus canal. And this is the process of
excretion. What is excretion?
Very good! Excretion is the final process
of Digestive system. Did you understand?
2. Activity
(See attached activity sheet.)
3. Generalization
What have you learned from our topic
today?

Very good! What is the importance of

Digestion?
IV.

Evaluation

Identification.
Direction: Write your answers on the space
provided.
______ 1. The process of taking food into your
mouth.

I have learned that there are five

processes involved in digestive system.
These are the Ingestion, Digestion,
Absorption, Assimilation, and Excretion.
Digestion is important because

______ 2. The process of absorbing nutrients into

your bloodstream.
______ 3. The process of eliminating the wastes
through anus/anus canal.
______ 4. The process of nutrients becoming part
of the tissues of the body.
______ 5. The process of breaking down food into
smaller components.
V.

Assignment
Short bond paper.
Make a diagram of the flow of food
through the Digestive System.

Digestive System Project

You are about to be assigned a starring role in the play, The Stomach Churns. Once the director
assigns you a role, you are to write a short monologue in which you explain your role in the digestive
system. You also are to create a costume with props which relates to your role and will create a visual
image. Practice your role and be dramatic! The director will give you your cues as to when you are to
appear on stage. Remember you are that organ.

LIGHTS........CAMERAS.............ACTION
THE STOMACH CHURNS
STARRING:
Meredith Mouth.............................
Edwina Esophagus.........................
Samantha Stomach.........................
Sally Small Intestine......................
Lucy Large Intestine......................

Ricky Rectum................................
Director Doug................................