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Dynamic Meteorology
(Atmospheric Dynamics)
Lecturer: Aarnout van Delden
Assistant: Michiel Baatsen (weather discussions)
Office: BBG, room 615
a.j.vandelden@uu.nl
http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~delde102/
Introduction
What do you expect of this course?
Grading
Lecture notes and literature
Grade
Grade
Exams (2x) on 7/11/2014 (week 45) (24%) and week 5 of
2015 (30/1/2015) (26%) (minimum average grade for 2
exams together should be 5/10)
Project 1 (Problem 1.11) (written report1) 12%) (3
October; deadline: Friday 14 November 2014)
Project 2 (Problem 1.19) (oral*) (14%) (10 October;
(hand in hypothesis on/before 7 November) (oral2)
Project 3 Problems 1.21-1.24 and 1.26 (written report1)
(12%) (17 October; deadline: Friday 28 November 2014)
Problem 3.2 (12%) (second period)
Projects 1, 2 and 3 can be performed in couples
1<1000 words
2 15 minutes
Lecture notes
Lecture notes
On blackboard
You can also download them from:
http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~delde102/AtmosphericDynamics.htm
Lecture notes
http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~delde102/AtmosphericDynamics.htm
Lecture notes
http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~delde102/AtmosphericDynamics.htm
Lecture notes
Schedule
Lectures
First period Friday 1100-1245 in weeks 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43.
Second period Friday 1100-1245 in weeks 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 2, 3, 4
Practical sessions
First period Friday 1330-1630 in weeks 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43.
Second period Friday 1330-1630 in weeks 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 2, 3, 4
Exams
First period week 45 (Friday, November 7, 2014) (retake: December 2014)
Second period week 5 (Friday, January 30, 2014) (retake: March 2015)
No lectures on
October 31 (week 44) (BBOS-days)
Excursion KNMI
Not yet set
Prior knowledge
I assume that the student is familiar with the thermodynamic
concepts of temperature and pressure of a fluid or gas, and
with the conservation laws governing the fluid in a rotating
frame of reference.
Prior knowledge
I assume that the reader is familiar with the thermodynamic
concepts of temperature and pressure of a fluid or gas, and
with the conservation laws governing the fluid in a rotating
frame of reference.
Book
Holton, J.R., 2004: An Introduction to Dynamic
Meteorology, fourth edition. Academic Press, 535pp.
The first (1972), second (1979) and third (1992) edition are
also very useful.
A fifth edition of Holtons book has appeared in 2012 with
Gregory Hakim as co-author.
Central Question
John Dutton has phrased it in the following way.
The basic problems of atmospheric dynamics revolve around the
question of why the observed responses are those that are chosen
insolation [W
-2
m ]
Latitude[N]
>500 W m-2
Figure 2.25
heating
Cold: why?
heating
heating
Total precipitation
Total precipitation
General Circulation
A general circulation model of the northern hemisphere showing the zonal flow
dominant in middle and high latitudes (from Climatology (third edition), by
J.Hidore, J.Oliver, M.Snow and R.Snow,2010, Prentice Hall).
Weather
Map
12 Feb.96, 12 UTC
Analysis of sea-level
pressure in hPa
shows a depression
or cyclone.
Weather Map
Satellite Image
Questions
Why does de air rotate anticlockwise?
Why does the wind direction change with height?
Why does the wind speed change with height?
What determines the cloud pattern?
Layered clouds
Puy clouds
Conceptual Model
Typical flow pattern between two isobaric
surfaces (1000 hPa is near the Earths surface;
500 hPa is at about 5 km above sea level) in a
mid-latitude baroclinically unstable disturbance
in the northern hemisphere. The warm air rises
along very slanted trajectories, giving rise to
layered clouds as shown on the next slide
Speed, v
Pressure, p
Temperature, T
Four unknowns
*see geophysical fluid dynamics and sections 1.7 and 1.8 of lecture notes
The equations*
momentum
dv
= p gk 2 v + Fr
dt
mass
energy
state
Gravity (1.4)
d
= v
dt
Coriolis (1.6&1.7)
Friction (1.3)
eqs. 1.4a,b,c
Jdt = c v dT + pd
p = RT
v
Unknowns are: , ,T , p
Next week
Reduce these 4 equations to system of 3 equations
in terms of:
Potential temperature,
Exner function,
Wind speed