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based on their reactions to categories associated with sexual relations. It revealed that among the more sexually
experienced men, the more positive their attitude was toward sex, the greater the positive implicit bias towards
women.
Despite the consistently-found eect, women are considered less valuable than men in at least some specic instances. One study has shown that women are judged
more harshly in certain business roles, especially when
she worked in an industry incongruent with her gender
role. Female and older participants showed more prejudice against the female leader than did male and younger
participants. [2]
Empirical support
2 See also
Ambivalent sexism
Benevolent prejudice
Counterstereotype
Gender stereotypes
Stereotype
Stereotype t hypothesis
3 References
[1] http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.
1093/acprof:oso/9780199328178.001.0001/
acprof-9780199328178-chapter-5
[2] http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%
2Fs11199-006-9068-1
Anderson, Kristin J., Modern Misogyny: AntiFeminism in a Post-Feminist Era : (Oxford University Press, 2014). ISBN 978-0-199328-178
Eagly, Alice H.; Steen, V. J. (1984), Gender
stereotypes stem from the distribution of women
and men into social roles, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 (4): 735754, doi:
10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.735
Other experiments in this study found people showed automatic preference for their mothers over their fathers, or
associated the male gender with violence or aggression.
Rudman and Goodwin suggest that maternal bonding and
male intimidation may inuence gender attitudes. Another experiment found adults attitudes were measured
3
men? An analysis of attitudes, beliefs and emotions, Psychology of Women Quarterly 15 (2): 203
16, doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00792.x
Eagly, Alice H.; Mladinic, Antonio (1994), Are
people prejudiced against women? Some answers from research on attitudes, gender stereotypes, and judgments of competence, European Review of Social Psychology 5: 135,
doi:10.1080/14792779543000002
Garcia-Retamero, Rocio; Lpez-Zafra, Esther
(2006), Prejudice against Women in malecongenial environments: Perceptions of gender role
congruity in leadership, Sex Roles 55 (1/2): 5161,
doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9068-1
Rudman, Laurie A.; Goodwin, Stephanie A. (2004),
Gender dierences in automatic in-group bias:
Why do women like women more than they
like men?", Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 87 (4): 494509, doi:10.1037/00223514.87.4.494, PMID 15491274
Whitley, Bernard E.; Kite, Mary E. (2010), The
Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination, Belmont, California, USA: Wadsworth, ISBN 978-0495-81128-2
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