Insulation Resistance (IR) Values

10/14/2014
Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles
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Insulation Resistance (IR) Values

MARCH 23, 2012
95 COMMENTS
(HTTP://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2012/03/23/INSULATION-RESISTANCEIR-VALUES/#COMMENTS)
Introduction:
The measurement of insulation resistance is a common routine test performed on all types of
electrical wires and cables. As a production test, this test is often used as a customer acceptance
test, with minimum insulation resistance per unit length often specified by the customer. The
results obtained from IR Test are not intended to be useful in finding localized defects in the
insulation as in a true HIPOT test, but rather give information on the quality of the bulk
material used as the insulation.
Even when not required by the end customer, many wire and cable manufacturers use the
insulation resistance test to track their insulation manufacturing processes, and spot
developing problems before process variables drift outside of allowed limits.
Selection of IR Testers (Megger):
Insulation testers with test voltage of 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 V are available.
The recommended ratings of the insulation testers are given below:
Voltage Level
IR Tester
650V
500V DC
1.1KV
1KV DC
3.3KV
2.5KV DC
66Kv and Above
5KV DC
Test Voltage for Meggering:

When AC Voltage is used, The Rule of Thumb is Test Voltage (A.C) = (2X Name Plate
Voltage) +1000.
When DC Voltage is used (Most used in All Megger), Test Voltage (D.C) = (2X Name Plate
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Voltage).
Equipment / Cable
Rating
DC Test
Voltage
24V To 50V
50V To 100V
50V To 100V
100V To 250V
100V To 240V
250V To 500V
440V To 550V
500V To 1000V
2400V
1000V To 2500V
4100V
1000V To 5000V
Measurement Range of Megger:

Test voltage
Measurement
Range
250V DC
0M to 250G
500V DC
0M to 500G
1KV DC
0M to 1T
2.5KV DC
0M to 2.5T
5KV DC
0M to 5T
Precaution while Meggering:

Before Meggering:
Make sure that all connections in the test circuit are tight.
Test the megger before use, whether it gives INFINITY value when not connected, and
ZERO when the two terminals are connected together and the handle is rotated.
During Meggering:
Make sure when testing for earth, that the far end of the conductor is not touching,
otherwise the test will show faulty insulation when such is not actually the case.
Make sure that the earth used when testing for earth and open circuits is a good one
otherwise the test will give wrong information
Spare conductors should not be meggered when other working conductors of the same
cable are connected to the respective circuits.
After completion of cable Meggering:
Ensure that all conductors have been reconnected properly.
Test the functions of Points, Tracks & Signals connected through the cable for their correct
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response.
In case of signals, aspect should be verified personally.
In case of points, verify positions at site. Check whether any polarity of any feed taken
through the cable has got earthed inadvertently.
Safety Requirements for Meggering:
All equipment under test MUST be disconnected and isolated.
Equipment should be discharged (shunted or shorted out) for at least as long as the test
voltage was applied in order to be absolutely safe for the person conducting the test.
Never use Megger in an explosive atmosphere.
Make sure all switches are blocked out and cable ends marked properly for safety.
Cable ends to be isolated shall be disconnected from the supply and protected from contact
to supply, or ground, or accidental contact.
Erection of safety barriers with warning signs, and an open communication channel
between testing personnel.
Do not megger when humidity is more than 70 %.
Good Insulation: Megger reading increases first then remain constant.
Bad Insulation: Megger reading increases first and then decreases.
Expected IR value gets on Temp. 20 to 30 decree centigrade.
If above temperature reduces by 10 degree centigrade, IR values will increased by two
times.
If above temperature increased by 70 degree centigrade IR values decreases by 700 times.
How to use Megger:

Meggers is equipped with three connection Line Terminal (L), Earth Terminal (E) and
Guard Terminal (G).
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/q.png)
Resistance is measured between the Line and Earth terminals, where current will travel
through coil 1. The Guard terminal is provided for special testing situations where one
resistance must be isolated from another. Lets us check one situation where the insulation
resistance is to be tested in a two-wire cable.
To measure insulation resistance from a conductor to the outside of the cable, we need to
connect the Line lead of the megger to one of the conductors and connect the Earth
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lead of the megger to a wire wrapped around the sheath of the cable.
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/qq.png)
In this configuration the Megger should read the resistance between one conductor and the
outside sheath.
We want to measure Resistance between Conductor- 2To Sheaths but Actually Megger
measure resistance in parallel with the series combination of conductor-to-conductor
resistance (Rc1-c2) and the first conductor to the sheath (Rc1-s).
If we dont care about this fact, we can proceed with the test as configured. If we desire to
measure only the resistance between the second conductor and the sheath (Rc2-s), then we
need to use the meggers Guard terminal.
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/qqq.png)
Connecting the Guard terminal to the first conductor places the two conductors at
almost equal potential. With little or no voltage between them, the insulation resistance is
nearly infinite, and thus there will be no current between the two conductors. Consequently,
the Meggers resistance indication will be based exclusively on the current through the
second conductors insulation, through the cable sheath, and to the wire wrapped around,
not the current leaking through the first conductors insulation.
The guard terminal (if fitted) acts as a shunt to remove the connected element from the
measurement. In other words, it allows you to be selective in evaluating certain specific
components in a large piece of electrical equipment. For example consider a two core cable
with a sheath. As the diagram below shows there are three resistances to be considered.
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(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/qqqq.png)
If we measure between core B and sheath without a connection to the guard terminal some
current will pass from B to A and from A to the sheath. Our measurement would be low. By
connecting the guard terminal to A the two cable cores will be at very nearly the same
potential and thus the shunting effect is eliminated.
(1) IR Values For Electrical Apparatus & Systems:

(PEARL Standard / NETA MTS-1997 Table 10.1)
Max.Voltage
Rating Of
Equipment
Megger Size
Min.IR
Value
250 Volts
500 Volts
25 M
600 Volts
1,000 Volts
100 M
5 KV
2,500 Volts
1,000 M
8 KV
2,500 Volts
2,000 M
15 KV
2,500 Volts
5,000 M
25 KV
5,000 Volts
20,000 M
35 KV
15,000 Volts
100,000 M
46 KV
15,000 Volts
100,000 M
69 KV
15,000 Volts
100,000 M
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One Meg ohm Rule for IR Value for Equipment:

Based upon equipment rating:
< 1K V = 1 M minimum
>1KV = 1 M /1KV
As per IE Rules-1956:
At a pressure of 1000 V applied between each live conductor and earth for a period of one
minute the insulation resistance of HV installations shall be at least 1 Mega ohm or as
specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Medium and Low Voltage Installations- At a pressure of 500 V applied between each live
conductor and earth for a period of one minute, the insulation resistance of medium and
low voltage installations shall be at least 1 Mega ohm or as specified by the Bureau of
Indian Standards] from time to time.
As per CBIP specifications the acceptable values are 2 Mega ohms per KV
(2) IR Value for Transformer:

Insulation resistance tests are made to determine insulation resistance from individual
windings to ground or between individual windings. Insulation resistance tests are
commonly measured directly in megohms or may be calculated from measurements of
applied voltage and leakage current.
The recommended practice in measuring insulation resistance is to always ground the tank
(and the core). Short circuit each winding of the transformer at the bushing terminals.
Resistance measurements are then made between each winding and all other windings
grounded.
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/1d-copy.png)
Windings are never left floating for insulation resistance measurements. Solidly grounded
winding must have the ground removed in order to measure the insulation resistance of the
winding grounded. If the ground cannot be removed, as in the case of some windings with
solidly grounded neutrals, the insulation resistance of the winding cannot be measured.
Treat it as part of the grounded section of the circuit.
We need to test winding to winding and winding to ground ( E ).For three phase
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transformers, We need to test winding ( L1,L2,L3 ) with substitute Earthing for Delta
transformer or winding ( L1,L2,L3 ) with earthing ( E ) and neutral ( N ) for wye
transformers.
IR Value for Transformer
(Ref: A Guide to Transformer Maintenance by. JJ. Kelly.
S.D Myer)
Transformer
Formula
1 Phase Transformer
IR Value (M) = C X E /
(KVA)
3 Phase Transformer
(Star)
IR Value (M) = C X E (P-n) /

(KVA)
3 Phase Transformer
(Delta)
IR Value (M) = C X E (P-P) /

(KVA)
Where C= 1.5 for Oil filled T/C with Oil Tank, 30 for Oil
filled T/C without Oil Tank or Dry Type T/C.
Temperature correction Factor (Base 20C):
Temperature correction Factor
OC
OF
Correction
Factor
32
0.25
41
0.36
10
50
0.50
15
59
0.720
20
68
1.00
30
86
1.98
40
104
3.95
50
122
7.85
Example: For 1600KVA, 20KV/400V,Three Phase Transformer
IR Value at HV Side= (1.5 x 20000) / 1600 =16000 / 40 = 750 M at 200C

IR Value at LV Side = (1.5 x 400 ) / 1600= 320 / 40 = 15 M at 200C
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IR Value at 300C =15X1.98= 29.7 M

Insulation Resistance of Transformer Coil
Transformer
Coil Voltage
Megger
Size
Min.IR Value
Liquid Filled
T/C
Min.IR
Value Dry
Type T/C
0 600 V
1KV
100 M
500 M
600 V To 5KV
2.5KV
1,000 M
5,000 M
5KV To 15KV
5KV
5,000 M
25,000 M
15KV To 69KV
5KV
10,000 M
50,000 M
IR Value of Transformers:
Voltage
Test
Voltage
(DC) LV
side
Test
Voltage
(DC) HV
side
Min IR
Value
415V
500V
2.5KV
100M
Up to 6.6KV
500V
2.5KV
200M
6.6KV to 11KV
500V
2.5KV
400M
11KV to 33KV
1000V
5KV
500M
33KV to 66KV
1000V
5KV
600M
66KV to 132KV
1000V
5KV
600M
132KV to
220KV
1000V
5KV
650M
Steps for measuring the IR of Transformer:

Shut down the transformer and disconnect the jumpers and lightning arrestors.
Discharge the winding capacitance.
Thoroughly clean all bushings
Short circuit the windings.
Guard the terminals to eliminate surface leakage over terminal bushings.
Record the temperature.
Connect the test leads (avoid joints).
Apply the test voltage and note the reading. The IR. Value at 60 seconds after application of
the test voltage is referred to as the Insulation Resistance of the transformer at the test
temperature.
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The transformer Neutral bushing is to be disconnected from earth during the test.
All LV surge diverter earth connections are to be disconnected during the test.
Due to the inductive characteristics of transformers, the insulation resistance reading shall
not be taken until the test current stabilizes.
Avoid meggering when the transformer is under vacuum.
Test Connections of Transformer for IR Test (Not Less than 200 M):
Two winding transformer:
1. (HV + LV) GND
2. HV (LV + GND)
3. LV (HV + GND)
Three winding transformer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
HV (LV + TV + GND)
LV (HV + TV + GND)
(HV + LV + TV) GND
TV (HV + LV + GND)
Auto transformer (two winding):
1. (HV + LV) GND

Auto Transformer (three winding):
1. (HV + LV) (TV + GND)
2. (HV + LV + TV) GND
3. TV (HV + LV + GND)
For any installation, the insulation resistance measured shall not be less than:
HV Earth 200 M
LV Earth 100 M
HV LV 200 M
Factors affecting on IR value of Transformer
The IR value of transformers are influenced by
surface condition of the terminal bushing
quality of oil
quality of winding insulation
temperature of oil
duration of application and value of test voltage
(3) IR Value for Tap Changer:

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IR between HV and LV as well as windings to earth.

Minimum IR value for Tap changer is 1000 ohm per volt service voltage
(4) IR Value for Electric motor:

For electric motor, we used a insulation tester to measure the resistance of motor winding with
earthing ( E ).
For rated voltage below 1KV, measured with a 500VDC Megger.
For rated voltage above 1KV, measured with a 1000VDC Megger.
In accordance with IEEE 43, clause 9.3, the following formula should be applied.
Min IR Value (For Rotating Machine) =(Rated voltage (v) /1000) + 1
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/12.png)
As per IEEE 43 Standard 1974,2000
IR Value in M
IR (Min) = kV+1
For most windings made before

about 1970, all field windings, and
others not described below
IR (Min) = 100 M
For most dc armature and ac

windings built after about 1970
(form wound coils)
IR (Min) = 5 M
For most machines with random wound stator coils and formwound coils rated below 1kV
Example-1: For 11KV, Three Phase Motor.

IR Value =11+1=12 M but as per IEEE43 It should be 100 M
Example-2: For 415V,Three Phase Motor
IR Value =0.415+1=1.41 M but as per IEEE43 It should be 5 M.
As per IS 732 Min IR Value of Motor=(20XVoltage(p-p/(1000+2XKW))
IR Value of Motor as per NETA ATS 2007. Section 7.15.1
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Motor Name Plate

(V)
Test
Voltage
Min IR
Value
250V
500V DC
25 M
600V
1000V DC
100M
1000V
1000V DC
100M
2500V
1000V DC
500M
5000V
2500V DC
1000M
8000V
2500V DC
2000M
15000V
2500V DC
5000M
25000V
5000V DC
20000M
34500V
15000V DC
100000M
IR Value of Submersible Motor:

IR Value of Submersible Motor
Motor Out off Well (Without
Cable)
IR Value
New Motor
20 M
A used motor which can be

reinstalled
10 M
Motor Installed in Well (With

Cable)
New Motor
2 M
A used motor which can be

reinstalled
0.5 M
(5) IR Value for Electrical cable and wiring:

For insulation testing, we need to disconnect from panel or equipment and keep them
isolated from power supply. The wiring and cables need to test for each other ( phase to
phase ) with a ground ( E ) cable. The Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association
(IPCEA) provides the formula to determine minimum insulation resistance values.
R = K x Log 10 (D/d)
R =IR Value in Ms per 1000 feet (305 meters) of cable.
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K =Insulation material constant.( Varnished Cambric=2460, Thermoplastic

Polyethlene=50000,Composite Polyethylene=30000)
D =Outside diameter of conductor insulation for single conductor wire and cable
( D = d + 2c + 2b diameter of single conductor cable )
d Diameter of conductor
c Thickness of conductor insulation
b Thickness of jacket insulation
HV test on new XLPE cable (As per ETSA Standard)
Application
Test Voltage
Min IR
Value
New cables Sheath
1KV DC
100 M
New cables
Insulation
10KV DC
1000 M
After repairs Sheath
1KV DC
10 M
After repairs
Insulation
5KV DC
1000M
11kV and 33kV Cables between Cores and Earth (As per ETSA Standard)
Application
Test Voltage
Min IR
Value
11KV New cables Sheath
5KV DC
1000 M
11KV After repairs

Sheath
5KV DC
100 M
33KV no TFs connected
5KV DC
1000 M
33KV with TFs connected.
5KV DC
15M
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/2-copy.png)
IR Value Measurement (Conductors to conductor (Cross Insulation))
The first conductor for which cross insulation is being measured shall be connected to Line
terminal of the megger. The remaining conductors looped together (with the help of
crocodile clips) i. e. Conductor 2 and onwards, are connected to Earth terminal of megger.
Conductors at the other end are left free.
Now rotate the handle of megger or press push button of megger. The reading of meter will
show the cross Insulation between conductor 1 and rest of the conductors. Insulation
reading shall be recorded.
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Now connect next conductor to Line terminal of the megger & connect the remaining
conductors to earth terminal of the megger and take measurements.
IR Value Measurement (Conductor to Earth Insulation)
Connect conductor under test to the Line terminal of the megger.
Connect earth terminal of the megger to the earth.
Rotate the handle of megger or press push button of megger. The reading of meter will
show the insulation resistance of the conductors. Insulation reading shall be recorded after
applying the test voltage for about a minute till a steady reading is obtained.
IR Value Measurements:
If during periodical testing, insulation resistance of cable is found between 5 and 1 M /km
at buried temperature, the subject cable should be programmed for replacement.
If insulation resistance of the cable is found between 1000 and 100 K /km, at buried
temperature, the subject cable should be replaced urgently within a year.
If the insulation resistance of the cable is found less than 100 kilo ohm/km., the subject cable
must be replaced immediately on emergency basis.
(6) IR Value for Transmission / Distribution Line:

Equipment.
Megger Size
Min IR Value
S/S .Equipments
5 KV
5000M
EHVLines.
5 KV
10M
H.T. Lines.
1 KV
5M
LT / Service Lines.
0.5 KV
5M
(7) IR Value for Panel Bus:

IR Value for Panel = 2 x KV rating of the panel.
Example, for a 5 KV panel, the minimum insulation is 2 x 5 = 10 M.
(8) IR Value for Substation Equipment:

Generally meggering Values of Substation Equipments are.
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.Typical IR Value of S/S Equipments

Equipment
Megger
Size
IR
Value(Min)
(Phase-Earth)
5KV,10 KV
1000 M
(Phase-Phase)
5KV,10 KV
1000 M
Control Circuit
0.5KV
50 M
(Pri-Earth)
5KV,10 KV
1000 M
(Sec-Phase)
5KV,10 KV
50 M
Control Circuit
0.5KV
50 M
(Phase-Earth)
5KV,10 KV
1000 M
(Phase-Phase)
5KV,10 KV
1000 M
Control Circuit
0.5KV
50 M
L.A
(Phase-Earth)
5KV,10 KV
1000 M
Electrical
Motor
(Phase-Earth)
0.5KV
50 M
LT Switchgear
(Phase-Earth)
0.5KV
100 M
LT
Transformer
(Phase-Earth)
0.5KV
100 M
Circuit Breaker
CT/PT
Isolator
IR Value of S/S Equipments As per DEP Standard
Equipment
Switchgear
Meggering
IR Value at
Commissioning
Time (M)
IR Value at
Maintenance
Time(M)
HV Bus
200 M
100 M
LV Bus
20 M
10 M
LV wiring
5 M
0.5 M
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Cable(min 100
Meter)
HV & LV
(10XKV) / KM
(KV) / KM
Motor & Generator
Phase-Earth
10(KV+1)
2(KV+1)
Transformer Oil
immersed
HV & LV
75 M
30 M
HV
100 M
25 M
LV
10 M
2 M
Fixed
Equipments/Tools
Phase-Earth
5K / Volt
1K / Volt
Movable
Equipments
Phase-Earth
5 M
1M
Distribution
Equipments
Phase-Earth
5 M
1M
Main Circuit
2 M / KV
Control Circuit
5M
D.C CircuitEarth
40M
LT CircuitEarth
50M
LT-D.C Circuit
40M
LT-LT
70M
Transformer Dry
Type
Circuit Breaker
Relay
(9) IR Value for Domestic /Industrial Wiring:

A low resistance between phase and neutral conductors, or from live conductors to earth,
will result in a leakage current. This cause deterioration of the insulation, as well as
involving a waste of energy which would increase the running costs of the installation.
The resistance between Phase-Phase-Neutral-Earth must never be less than 0.5 M Ohms
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for the usual supply voltages.

In addition to the leakage current due to insulation resistance, there is a further current
leakage in the reactance of the insulation, because it acts as the dielectric of a capacitor. This
current dissipates no energy and is not harmful, but we wish to measure the resistance of
the insulation, so DC Voltage is used to prevent reactance from being included in the
measurement.
1 Phase Wiring:
The IR test between Phase-Natural to earth must be carried out on the complete installation
with the main switch off, with phase and neutral connected together, with lamps and other
equipment disconnected, but with fuses in, circuit breakers closed and all circuit switches
closed.
Where two-way switching is wired, only one of the two stripper wires will be tested. To test
the other, both two-way switches should be operated and the system retested. If desired,
the installation can be tested as a whole, when a value of at least 0.5 M Ohms should be
achieved.
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/a.png)
3 Phase Wiring:
In the case of a very large installation where there are many earth paths in parallel, the
reading would be expected to be lower. If this happens, the installation should be
subdivided and retested, when each part must meet the minimum requirement.
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/aa.png)
The IR tests must be carried out between Phase-Phase-Neutral-Earth with a minimum
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acceptable value for each test of 0.5 M Ohms.

IR Testing for Low voltage
circuit voltage
Test voltage
IR
Value(Min)
Extra Low Voltage
250V DC
0.25M
Up to 500 V except for

above
500 V DC
0.5M
500 V To 1KV
1000 V DC
1.0M
Min IR Value = 50 M / No of Electrical outlet. (All Electrical Points with fitting &
Plugs).
Min IR Value = 100 M / No of Electrical outlet. (All Electrical Points without fitting &
Plugs).
Required Precautions:
Electronic equipment like electronic fluorescent starter switches, touch switches, dimmer
switches, power controllers, delay timers could be damaged by the application of the high
test voltage should be disconnected.
Capacitors and indicator or pilot lamps must be disconnected or an inaccurate test reading
will result.
Where any equipment is disconnected for testing purposes, it must be subjected to its own
insulation test, using a voltage which is not likely to result in damage. The result must
conform with that specified in the British Standard concerned, or be at least 0.5 M Ohms if
there is no Standard.
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About Jignesh.Parmar
Jignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat University. He has more than 11
years experience in Power Transmission-Power Distribution-Electrical energy theft detectionElectrical Maintenance-Electrical Projects(Planning-Designing-coordination-Execution). He is
Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Assistant Manager at
Ahmedabad,India. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel
Sheets of Electrical Engineering as per IS,NEC,IEC,IEEE codes. He is technical Author for
"Electrical Mirror" and "Electrical India" Magazines. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with
English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & knowledge and
help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various
Engineering Topics.
95 Responses to Insulation Resistance (IR) Values

17/31
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modupalli says:
March 23, 2012 at 10:16 pm
Outstanding Stuff. Thanks For Sharing..
Reply
Deja jacob says:
March 25, 2014 at 1:01 am
WHAT ARE THE GOOD RESISTANCE VALUE?
Reply
Jignesh.Parmar says:
March 25, 2014 at 4:10 pm
GOOD means. ALL suspected value according to equipments are already given
vilas K. says:
April 11, 2012 at 8:30 am
Dear Sir Hats Off !! & many thanx for your invaluable contribution in enriching the
experience of Elect. Engineers & making them available the fabulous data at a glance.. Pl
keep posted. If U can throw some light on selection of MCB/MCCB & contactors in relation
to their diff characteristics.
Reply
April 11, 2012 at 2:19 pm
You can find Type of MCB/MCCB and Char of All type of Contactor from ELECTRICAL
NOTES page of this Blog
Reply
varghese says:
April 15, 2012 at 12:25 pm
dear sir is a great work. thanks
could u pls explain the effects of rise in temperature on insulation resistance of transformer.
Reply
Barun Majumder says:
May 7, 2012 at 10:48 am
Dear sir many many thanks for sharing valuable article of electrical engineering . I want to
know more about electrical design (Distribution, industrial & commercial ) and protection
system from your end point to point . If you have any book/site for those design please let
me know the name.
I am working as a design engineer but i am not enough confident about my design and
protection system. i want your valuable assistance in this field .
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Barun Majumder
Kolkata
18/31
10/14/2014
Reply
kumereshan P S says:
May 13, 2012 at 4:17 am
Sir,
great work,i want to know the IS standards for IR value of Sub station equipment
With regards
Kumereshan
Reply
anand says:
October 5, 2012 at 8:19 am
thank for good infrm abot elecyrhghc
Reply
Tuulia Paloranta says:
May 29, 2012 at 5:49 am
Honestly i am not quite good on electric thing and this one is very good for me to study so
well and learn a lot many thanks for this article.
Reply
keyur says:
June 8, 2012 at 2:53 pm
Thanks for sharing your valuable exp. and it is very helpful for me because I am diploma
holder and I am working in gulf country as electrical supervisor so it is useful for me and
Thanks
keyur
Reply
MANOHAR says:
June 14, 2012 at 5:20 am
Dear sir
I need calculation formula of IR Values of an elect drives
Reply
Madanmohan says:
June 16, 2012 at 5:50 am
Wonderful explanation. Really very much useful document. Thnak you very much
Reply
sathesh says:
July 9, 2012 at 5:59 pm
Very nice sir.. Thanku..
Reply
rehan says:
July 13, 2012 at 9:58 pm
good information, thanks for your time.
19/31
10/14/2014
Reply
custom milagros says:
July 15, 2012 at 4:20 pm
2 thumbs up.
Reply
Gurmeet Singh says:
July 20, 2012 at 4:49 am
Very -2 Thanks sir
Reply
preeti says:
July 25, 2012 at 11:52 am
thanks, very good information
Reply
osarenkhoe nosa glory says:
August 11, 2012 at 9:15 am
this is absolutely nice. a well written document. thanks.
Reply
Naveen says:
August 12, 2012 at 6:23 am
Thank you Sir, much appreciated
Reply
A. Hasasn says:
August 12, 2012 at 2:15 pm
Dear Sir;
Really your this article is very very important for electrical related people.Your this
contribution is excellant. A lot of thanks sir.
Kind Regardrs
Reply
K.M.Pandey says:
August 18, 2012 at 5:04 am
Respected Sir.
This article very important and useful for all those person who are related with Electrical
field. Thanks a lot for sharing your knowledge with all people. Really you are nice and
gentleman.
With regards,
K.M.Pandey,
Reply
subodh kumar pandey says:
August 26, 2012 at 1:20 pm
very very important for electrical engineers.
lot of thanks
20/31
10/14/2014
Reply
ahmed nawaz says:
September 21, 2012 at 3:40 pm
Ch.Ahmed Nawaz
thanks sir for giving very usefull information.
Reply
radhakishan pawar says:
September 30, 2012 at 6:28 am
thanks sir i have no word to explain how much it is useful to student.
thanks again
Reply
THAKOR SANJAY says:
October 5, 2012 at 1:17 pm
I AM A TESTING ENGINEER.THIS INFO. IS VERY USEFUL FOR ME
VERY VERY THANKS FOR THIS
Reply
Vilas G. says:
October 11, 2012 at 11:01 am
Thanks . valuable note for electrical engineers.
Reply
Steve Arreola says:
October 23, 2012 at 8:44 pm
Thank you much for taking the time to share this information
Reply
Mr. Judy Diano says:
October 31, 2012 at 11:45 am
Thank you so much,for sharing Sir, I learned a lot of your link GOD BLESS
Reply
arshad says:
November 30, 2012 at 6:23 pm
thanks for beautiful notes
Reply
Jet Paliangayan says:
December 3, 2012 at 12:11 pm
how to do IR test for single core pvc/xlpe/pvc cables
Reply
jamestryre says:
December 12, 2012 at 2:49 am
great info, thx
Reply
21/31
10/14/2014
Thiyaga says:
Incredible work. Hats off for your awesome articles. pl keep posting more and more
Reply
sambasivarao chagantipati says:
December 25, 2012 at 7:46 pm
Very useful information
Reply
rohtash verma( Himachal pradesh) says:
Thanks parmar ji very use full information regarding IR value of electric motors
Reply
M.Zaman says:
January 8, 2013 at 10:56 am
thanks for valuable information.
Reply
FELIX Jr. says:
January 10, 2013 at 7:44 am
Please, you must also include here the Polarization Index (PI) as well for its significance
and explain why it is required with respect to the IR test being done on the electrical
equipment and the electrical cables and installations, as an additional information for the
new commissioning engineers and enthusiasts. Supressing other comments are not at all
interesting and helpfull.
Reply
January 10, 2013 at 2:38 pm
Yes You are right PI value is as important as IR Value specially HV Equipments.
Here I gave only Overview of IR Testing and its value.
To rise comment is totally depend upon the reader.
In near future I will definitely cover the Topic of PI.
Reply
deepak parmar says:
June 6, 2013 at 12:18 pm
I want to know the acceptable leakage current values in the HV testing as per IEC
standards.
And thanks for the info provided above
sateesh says:
January 21, 2013 at 11:18 am
excellent explanation about IR test
thanks a lot.
Reply
22/31
10/14/2014
vincent says:
February 4, 2013 at 7:23 pm
Good knowledge.thank you.
Reply
Anderson says:
Excelente trabajo, quiero saber cuales son las normas que rigen estas pruebas y si existe
alguna estandarizacin de resultados. Gracias
Reply
Debra Scriver says:
Thanks for such a great article. Very interesting and informative. Thanks Buddy
Reply
Diganta ku. Ray says:
Thank you so much sir,this help me a lot in my field.its very very useful for those are in
electrical line.
Reply
JAYESH PATEL says:
February 28, 2013 at 4:57 am
how many Insulation Resistance of the Whole Installation permissible ?
how many Insulation Resistance Between Conductors ?
how many Insulation Resistance Between Each Conductor & Earth ?
Reply
honest forex signals says:
March 4, 2013 at 5:26 am
Hello very nice blog!! Man .. Excellent .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your web site and take
the feeds additionally?
I am glad to find numerous helpful info here in the put up, we want work out more
strategies on this regard, thank you for sharing.
.....
Reply
fayyaz says:
March 10, 2013 at 10:12 pm
thks good information can you mail me how to check insulation of dc 24 volt system.
also i want to know how insulation monitor works.
Reply
khan wasim says:
March 11, 2013 at 5:01 pm
Thanks a lot
23/31
10/14/2014
Reply
sonu kumar says:
March 14, 2013 at 2:40 pm
thanks for this valueable data.
Reply
Ashok O Kale Kale says:
March 21, 2013 at 12:05 pm
Thanx .
Reply
DEBASHISH BHATTACHARYA says:
April 2, 2013 at 5:10 pm
Excellent information. Really appreciate the knowledge you have shared with readers.
Sir can you pls tell me what should be minimum value of IR for PVC make busboot used
for 11 KV , 22 KV , 33 KV and 66 KV.
Regards
Debashish Bhattacharya
Reply
Gerald says:
April 3, 2013 at 10:50 am
Thanks for sharing
Reply
CPR vittal says:
May 1, 2013 at 12:46 pm
excellent article.
the formula for insulation resistance of a cable per 1000 ft.
how to calculate it per meter or per feet.
pl explain
Reply
jigyesh sharma says:
May 8, 2013 at 1:49 am
what precautions i should take when CT is connected in HT board and i have do megger.?
Reply
ibnu says:
May 11, 2013 at 2:53 am
lightning cable for crane there are 2 point earth terminal, each has individual ground
cable, i meggar 1kV both cable, gives different reading 200Mohm & almost infinity for
another one. why? can accept the value?
Reply
ibnu says:
May 11, 2013 at 2:57 am
can 11kv cable, meggar at 1kv only, during before & after hipot test? (hipot at 30.5kv)
24/31
10/14/2014
Reply
parveen kumar says:
May 11, 2013 at 2:33 pm
dear sir i want to know why used in transformer secondary side very thin wire
Reply
FELIX Jr. says:
May 12, 2013 at 4:57 am
Yes, you can use 1kV DC- MEGGER TESTER prior to HIPOT Testing if your electrical cable
is rated 11kV and HIGHER and if it has 130 % rated insulation. After HIPOT test, if
successful, you can megger it again with 1kV only at no more than 1 minute just to make
sure no damage has occurred during and after HIPOT TEST.
By FMSJr. / Abu Dhabi, UAE
Reply
Nasurudheen Kamal Basha says:
May 13, 2013 at 9:22 am
Useful stuff.. Thanks for sharing!!
Reply
MOHAMMAD says:
June 17, 2013 at 11:02 am
THANKS ALOT VERY GREATFUL INFO
Reply
Pushkar Singh says:
June 23, 2013 at 11:12 am
Thanks for sharing excellent information.
Pushkar Singh ONGC
Reply
A V N Phanindra says:
July 4, 2013 at 7:01 am
thank u so much sir its very brief and simple to understand clearly.
Reply
ASMA says:
July 20, 2013 at 10:16 am
WHAT WOULD BE THE MEGGAR REULT OF A GOOD CONDITION 25 KVA
TRANSFORMER?
I WILL BE OBLIGED..KINDLY HELP ME.
Reply
FELIX Jr. says:
July 21, 2013 at 5:29 am
GOOD DAY ! Your posted question about the MEGGER result for a good condition for
25kVA Transformer is very general as you did not specify the input and output voltages
of this electrical equipment and if it is oil immersed or dry type. At anyrate, assuming
its oil filled step-up transformer, outdoor pole mounted, for a good IR result for
25/31
10/14/2014
primary winding, normally it should not be less than 500Megaohm and the secondary
windings IR reading should be not less than 300Megaohm with respect to earth and
higher between windings. Again, these are assumptions only and the higher the voltage
rating of the transformer the higher IR reading should result. Defective insulations will
read low values of IR readings and contaminated oil insulation, for oil immersed type
transformers. For dry type Transfomers, the good IR readings of the windings are also
in that vicinity but lower than oil immersed type.
Reply
J.R Bohra says:
July 20, 2013 at 11:48 pm
very very helpful
Thanks
J,R Bohra
Unique Engineer Noida
Reply
Diptiranjan Nayak says:
July 23, 2013 at 5:10 am
Thank u sir,
I am clear about IR value.
Reply
raghav says:
July 26, 2013 at 4:37 am
dear sir,
i need more information about how to calculate ir values and what principle it requires to
calculate ir values?
Reply
Musa says:
August 22, 2013 at 3:25 am
Anybody can answer my query?
We have 25kV AC system for Overhead Line Equipment (OHE). This system is installed for
Electrified Train system (Railway project).
We have conduct IR testing before charging the lines for each electrical subsection (the
longest section about 20km). The result we achieved 0.5MOhm 5MOhm (taken during
night time) and 200MOhm 700MOhm (taken during night time). The temperature during
night time is around 27 28 degree Celsius (in Malaysia).
We injecting megger size 5kV and result achieved as above. As mentioned in the article (i
think it is similar to our system IR value for transmission/ distribution line) which is
stated Min. IR values shall be 10MOhm.
Is it the result we achieved okay, especially the result taken during night time?
Reply
sampath says:
26/31
10/14/2014

thank for more information now i harry to check insulation resistance long 132Kv
transmission line & will have called you after testing
Reply
SYAM says:
Dear Jignesh,
Just for curiosity can you please tell me what is the full form of DEP standards which you
have mentioned under the section IR Value of S/S Equipments As per DEP Standard.
Hope you will reply
Regards
SYAM
Reply
Sekar Ram says:
Mr Jignesh
This is one of the greatest selfless efforts I have seen. This is pure social service. Hats off!!
Reply
Stephen says:
Hello. Question, if we have 5 conductors per phase on a lugs and we want to megger the
groups, ie: phase to phase and phase to ground and the readings are above 1 M ohm, is that
OK? We had previously meggered all the cabels individually prior to installing. The job
was shut down for a while, and this is for a precaution, prior to re-energizing.
Reply
vijay says:
dear jignesh sir,
Can i have the entire notes in site in form of book? How much does it cost?
Reply
vijayendrarao kv says:
November 2, 2013 at 10:48 am
very very useful and very thanks for made me doubt clear..
Reply
Michel says:
November 29, 2013 at 10:49 am
thanks Bro that is too goooooooooooooood for us
Reply
ESAKKIPANDI says:
27/31
10/14/2014

the explanation is excellent
Reply
rahul jangme says:
thank you sir
Reply
ali says:
thank you so much Dr
Reply
Doma Hudu says:
thank sir. I need a copy via my e-mail. please am wait for your response Sir.
Reply
Srinivasan says:
Thank you sir. Useful detail information.
Reply
aby says:
Sir,
appreciate your ideas and procedures.
May i know ,whether there is any necessity or mandatory rules saying that the speaker
cables to be meggered?
if yes,then what should be the applied voltage?
Reply
roop says:
dear mr Parmar first of all thanks for sharing the information
Reply
roop says:
we are building a 9 km road tunnel, we usually facing problem with ht cable, whenever it is
damaged it took 3 to4 hour for jointing, lot of production loss please advise any alternate
means of transmission of ht cable or any ht joint available around the world to do the
jointing quickly.
Reply
Felix Jr San Buenaventura says:
March 26, 2014 at 4:44 am
THESE ARE GOOD INFORMATION AND REFERENCE FOR ALL ELECTRICAL
28/31
10/14/2014
THESE ARE GOOD INFORMATION AND REFERENCE FOR ALL ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERS AND COMMISSIONING ENGINEERS BE IT IN DESIGN ENGINEERING
OR IN COMMISSIONING WORKS OF PROJECTS RELATED TO ELECTRICAL POWER
GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS THE WORLD
OVER. TIKE !, SALAMAT PO !, GRACIAS !, QZI QZI !, TERIMA KASIH !
Reply
SB says:
March 27, 2014 at 7:26 am
Thank you ever so much! For sharing such good info, extremely relevant.
Reply
rd says:
June 14, 2014 at 8:28 am
What is the minimum acceptable insulation resistance for 1.8 kv DC cables? temperature is
around 50 deg C. My understanding is that IR decreases when there is increase in
temperature. So how do i calculate Insulation resistance considering the temperature?
Reply
jake says:
July 30, 2014 at 6:29 am
what can we expect for transformer being energize not meeting the minimum standard for
insulation resistance?the future effect of it?
Reply
golfziimo says:
August 4, 2014 at 12:38 pm
thank you for good information
Reply
Aen Bali says:
August 14, 2014 at 6:36 am
Plz tell me CTPT value in HT & LT side proper load
50 Hp
Reply
reshi says:
August 28, 2014 at 12:50 pm
Dear sir ,
we have hayward tyler 480V, 60HZ , 100HP submersible pump motor in out facility used
for boiler water circulation. The demin water is used for the stator cooling in the closed loop
means water is directly entering the stator winding.
The motor was send to workshop for mechanical repair. After installing back The I.R value
is 0.3MOhm , can we test the motor and run it.
For your suggestion Thanks in anticipation.
Reply
praneeth says:
29/31
10/14/2014

thank U for the post,very helpful
very few people share their knowledge.
hats off.
Reply
Abdul Hameed says:
good information. appreciate it very much. thanks to all
Reply
nacykoe says:
IR instrument from IEC or IEEE standard?
Reply
Jagadish says:
What should be the minimum value of Insulation resistance for Low Voltage Switchgear
panels?
Reply
V V G says:
Dear Sir
In our one of the applications we need to check the High Voltage test in our product,
(Automotive part).where customer is asking ask to check the HV test with 1.5KV
As per customer demand,now we need to make a HV instrument to detect the current
leakage when applyinh High volt(1.5KV) between two terminals.(open circuit)
Customer requirement is that when the distance between the terminals if it is less than
1.2mm our instrument must detect it.
Now we are facing the problem as how to derive the resistance between two terminals(in
air) when we applying high volt.Kindly help us
Regards
VVG
Reply
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Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

Electrical Notes & Articles

66Kv and Above

Test Voltage for Meggering:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

Measurement Range of Megger:

Precaution while Meggering:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

How to use Megger:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

(1) IR Values For Electrical Apparatus & Systems:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

One Meg ohm Rule for IR Value for Equipment:

(2) IR Value for Transformer:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

IR Value (M) = C X E (P-n) /

IR Value (M) = C X E (P-P) /

Example: For 1600KVA, 20KV/400V,Three Phase Transformer

IR Value at HV Side= (1.5 x 20000) / 1600 =16000 / 40 = 750 M at 200C

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

IR Value at 300C =15X1.98= 29.7 M

Steps for measuring the IR of Transformer:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

1. (HV + LV) GND

(3) IR Value for Tap Changer:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

IR between HV and LV as well as windings to earth.

(4) IR Value for Electric motor:

For most windings made before

For most dc armature and ac

Example-1: For 11KV, Three Phase Motor.

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

Motor Name Plate

IR Value of Submersible Motor:

A used motor which can be

Motor Installed in Well (With

A used motor which can be

(5) IR Value for Electrical cable and wiring:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

K =Insulation material constant.( Varnished Cambric=2460, Thermoplastic

New cables Sheath

After repairs Sheath

11KV New cables Sheath

11KV After repairs

33KV no TFs connected

33KV with TFs connected.

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

(6) IR Value for Transmission / Distribution Line:

(7) IR Value for Panel Bus:

(8) IR Value for Substation Equipment:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

.Typical IR Value of S/S Equipments

IR Value of S/S Equipments As per DEP Standard

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

Motor & Generator

(9) IR Value for Domestic /Industrial Wiring:

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

for the usual supply voltages.

Insulation Resistance (IR) Values | Electrical Notes & Articles

acceptable value for each test of 0.5 M Ohms.